Power to fuel 3 rd Gen Biofuels from CO2
11 th European Technology Meeting
15. April 2015
E-Methanol as a Bio refinery Product
2
bse engineering Leipzig GmbH
Share our experience in a future market! In a joint effort with our project supervisors, planners and engineers, we were able to assume a
prominent position in the planning and realization process of Europe´s largest bio-ethanol complex.
You can become part of a growing renewable energies market by taking advantage of our service.
• Planning , authorization and execution of projects
• Administrative management
• Budgeting
• Investment planning
• Cost management
• Project management
Production start: spring 2005
Product: 800 m³ ethanol/ day
Budget: over 185 Mill. Euro
industrial and constructional planning involving bio-ethanol and sugar industry • schematic design, realization and administrative management • project and cost management
Mottelerstrasse 8 • 04155 Leipzig / Germany • phone +49 (0) 341 60912 0 • fax +49 (0) 341 60912 15 • www.bse-engineering.eu • [email protected]
Power production in Germany
• Power Export Germany in 2013 was 34 TWh
• Emission load for Germany 30 Mio to CO2/a
• Additional saving demand 22 Mio to up to 2020
• Missing Grid Infrastructure reduce the renewable Power
production capacity
• Missing the climate Targets 2020
• 656 TWh Consumption in the Transport sector
4
Energy Storage Volume of different storage systems
5
Storage of 4.800 kWh
*Berechnung ohne Umwandlungsverluste auf Basis der Heizwerte.
Solution must be the Chemical Energy storage
6
First Step of chemical Power Storage is Hydrogen
1. Electrolysis
Electrolysis O2
2H2 2H2O
Energy
density /Vol
Technical
Utilization
power
Type Token Level of
devel-
opment
Supplier Capacity per
module
[Nm³/h]
Pressure
[bar]
Alkaline
Electrolysis
AEL State
of the art
Etogas
Hydrogenics
Nel Hydrogen
400
60
485
0
10
0
Proton
Exchange
Membrane
Electrolysis
PEMEL Devel-
opment
CET H2
H-tec
Hydrogenics
160
3,6
1
14
30
70
High
Temperature
Electrolysis
HTEL Research Sunfire Not specified
8
Electrolyzer Technical Overview
2nd Step Chemical Power Storage increasing Energy density per Volume
Methanol Synthesis CO2 + 3H2 CH3OH + H2O 64 w-% CH3OH
36 w-% H2O
Methan Synthesis CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O 30 w-% CH4
70 w-% H2O
4H 2H
4H 4H
The additional electric power of the electrolysis generats water in the methane reaction.
25% Capacity of electrolysis
9
Electrolysis
Electrolysis
Methanol Synthesis Catalyst MegaMax by Clariant
Reactions
MegaMax is a methanol synthesis catalysts, with improved activity and selectivity. The
catalysts are utilized for methanol synthesis from carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
hydrogen.
CO + 2H2 ↔ CH3OH ΔHR = - 91 kJ/mol
CO2 + 3H2 ↔ CH3OH + H2O ΔHR = - 49 kJ/mol
Both methanol forming reactions are interconnected with the water gas shift reaction:
CO + H2O ↔ CO2 + H2 ΔHR = - 42 kJ/mol
The above equilibrium reactions are exothermic, so low reaction temperatures and high
reaction pressures favor methanol yield.
10 State of the Art.
2nd Step Chemical Power Storage increasing Energy density per Volume
Methanol Synthesis CO2 + 3H2 CH3OH + H2O 64 w-% CH3OH
36 w-% H2O
Methan Synthesis CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O 30 w-% CH4
70 w-% H2O
4H 2H
4H 4H
The additional electric power of the electrolysis generats water in the methane reaction.
25% Capacity of electrolysis
12
Electrolysis
Electrolysis
?
?
Sources of CO2 in Germany
• Flue gases up to 700 to/h, 10 to 15% Concentration
• Ethanol fermentation up to 50 to/h, 95% concentration
• Biogas Purification up to 0,7to/h, 90% concentration
13
CO2 as carbon source is available
Process flow diagram Ethanol
DDGS Storage & Loadout94
EQUIPMENT LIST
1 Grain Dump Pit
2 Grain Receiving Conveyors
3 Grain Receiving Elevator
4 Grain Storage
5 Grain Transfer Conveyors
6 Grain Transfer Elevator
7 Grain Receiving & Storage Bag House
8 Grain Receiving & Storage Bag House Blower
9 Grain Cleaner
10 Grain Cleanings Bin
11 Surge Bin
12 Weigh Feeder
13 Hammer Mill
14 Hammer Mill Conveyor
15 Milling Bag House
16 Milling Bag House Blower
17 Mingler
18 Mash Mix Tank
19 Mash Mix Tank Agitator
20 Cooker Feed Pump
21 Mash Mix Tank Recirculation Pump
22 Jet Cooker
23 Liquefaction Tank
24 Liquefaction Tank Recirculation Pump
25 Mash Cooler Pump
26 Process Condensate Preheaters
27 Mash Coolers
28 Final Mash Coolers
29 Fermenters
30 Fermenter Cleaners
31 Fermenter Pumps
32 Fermenter Coolers
33 Ethanol Absorber
34 Ethanol Absorber Circulation Pump
35 Ethanol Absorber Cooler
36 Ethanol Absorber Blower
37 Yeast Slurry Tank
38 Yeast Slurry Tank Cleaner
39 Yeast Slurry Pump
40 Yeast Slurry Cooler
41 CIP Caustic Tank
42 CIP Pump
43 Clean Caustic Tank
44 Beerwell
45 Beerwell Circulation Pump
46 Distillation Beer Feed Pump
47 Beer Preheater #1
48 Beer Stripper
49 Beer Stripper Reboiler
50 Beer Stripper Reboiler Pump
51 Vent Condenser
52 Beer Stripper Product Drum
53 Beer Stripper Product Pump
54 Beer Preheater #2
55 Final Condenser
56 Beer Stripper Stillage Pump
57 Stripper/Rectifier Feed Preheater
58 Stripper/Rectifier
59 Stripper/Rectifier Reflux Pump
60 Fusel Oil Cooler
61 Fusel Oil Decanter
62 Stripper/Rectifier Reboiler
63 Stripper/Rectifier Bottoms Pump
64 Mol Sieve Superheater
65 Mol Sieve Units
66 Mol Sieve Condenser
67 Ethanol Product Pump
68 Mol Sieve Regenerant Condenser
69 Mol Sieve Regenerant Pump
70 Mol Sieve Vacuum Pump
71 Mol Sieve Vacuum Pump Drum
72 Ethanol Product Cooler
73 Whole Stillage Tank
74 Whole Stillage Tank Agitator
75 Centrifuge Feed Pump
76 Stillage Centrifuge
77 Centrate Surge Tank
78 Backset Pump
79 Wet Cake Conveyor
80 Product Shift Tanks
81 Denaturant Tank
82 Denaturant Pump
83 Product Transfer Pump
84 Product Storage Tank
85 Product Loadout Pump
86 Cooling Tower
87 Cooling Tower Water Supply Pump
88 Boiler Treatment System
89 Boiler
90 Evaporation System
91 DDGS Drying System
92 Evaporator Condensate Tank
93 Evaporator Condensate Pump
Source Katzen inc
0,3 to CO2
0,3 to EtOH
0,3 to DDGS
1 to Feedstock
Combined Plant Expertise
15
Natural gas
Coal
Bio Mass…
Starch
Sugars
2 Gen feedstocks
AEL
PEMEL
HTEL
Catalyst
Thermo dynamics
Mass Balance Methanol (based of 1,0 t CO2 /h)
16
Ethanol production
Electrolysis
Steam generation
Methanol synthesis
C2H5OH 1t/h
CH3OH
H2O
H2O Steam
CO2
O2 H2
1.23 t/h
1.09 t/h 0.14 t/h
1.00 t/h
<0.7 t/h
0.41 t/h
Energy Balance Methanol (based of 1,0 t CO2/h)
Echem
Echem
Eel
Echem
Etherm
CO2
Echem 4.3 MWh
Etherm
Ethanol production
Electrolysis
Steam generation
Methanol synthesis
O2
17
6.7 MWh
0.3 MWh
<4.0 MWh
Etherm
2.4 MWh 80 °C
Input / Output Methanol Plant
Input Output
Carbon dioxide
De-salted Water
1.0
1.16
t/h
t/h
Methanol
Oxygen
Steam
<0.69
1.03
0.39
t/h
t/h
t/h
Power
6.94
MWh Thermal Energy
Loss
Usable
Chemical Energy
0.83
2.70
<3.75
MWh
MWh
MWh
18 Energy Conversion Efficiency 54% without heat utilisation
(with maximum heat utilisation up to. 88%)
Energy density Chemical power storage vs e-mobility
1 cubicmeter of liquified power e-Methanol compares with 222 BMW i3!*
1 m³ CH3OH
=
*Speicherkapazität BMW i3 beträgt 21,6 kWh
19
Market Opportunities Description of the market opportunities of the E-Methanol
1. High energy content (15.67 MJ/l vs. 8.50 MJ/l H2)
2. M3 ‟Drop-in” transportation fuel in addition to BioEtOH
3. Higher blend with adjustments in the vehicles
4. E-MTBE in competition to Bio ETBE and MTBE
5. Auxiliary material in the Biodiesel production
6. Power generation in small scale CHP´s (BHKW´S)
7. Basic building block for chemical production
24
Market Condition MeOH fossil (EU)
0 €
50 €
100 €
150 €
200 €
250 €
300 €
350 €
400 €
450 €
500 €
Jan 0
9
Apr
09
Jul 09
Okt 0
9
Jan 1
0
Apr
10
Jul 10
Okt 1
0
Jan 1
1
Apr
11
Jul 11
Okt 1
1
Jan 1
2
Apr
12
Jul 12
Okt 1
2
Jan 1
3
Apr
13
Jul 13
Okt 1
3
Jan 1
4
Methanol Fossil
Market Price
25
Source: Methanex
Production Costs Power Price
26
3,50
465,36 0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
0 200 400 600 800
Po
wer
Pri
ce n
et
[Ct/
kW
h]
Production Costs [€]
Ratio Power Price to Production Costs
productions costs methanol
Power Price EEX Future 03/13 – 03/14
For the calculation
35 €/MWh seams to be reasonable.
In addition to the EEX price there is normally a margin fee for the trader with 0.50 €/MWh.
27
GHG Saving RED Methanol Stand Alone - Outlook
Definition of Methanol as BioMethanol in the RED/FQD?
30
In the ENVI Votes 24.02.2015 (AM\1050359EN.doc) amend: • Annex IX (RED) Feedstock's and fuels Article 2 “liquid renewable fuels non
biological origin” and “Carbon capture for transport purpose”
• Article 1 FQD “…methodologies for the calculating GHG emmissons from renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin and for carbon capture and utilization for transport purposes shall be adopted by 30. June 2016”
If this is the case than e-Methanol is produced from feedstock's listed in Part A of Annex IX and should considered two/four times their energy content.
Clarification after the decision of the amended RED / FQD.
GHG Saving RED Power input
31
Therefore the footprint has to be defined for chemical energy storage.
According Annex V Part C No 11, the GHG intensity of the production power process has to be considered in the calculation of actual value.
To reach the 60% target for Biofuel the power has to be less than 60 gCO2/kWh (standard value in Germany is 527 gCO2/kWh).
NON GO aspect for e-fuel!!!!!!
Power Price Components including fees ex tax
10,634
5,000
10,000
a
Ct/kWh Detachable load levy §18 AbLaV 0,009
Concession levy §2 (3) KAV 0,110
System Usage Charge levy §19 (2) StNEV 0,187
Offshore levy §17f EnWG 0,250
Margin Trader 0,050
EEG levy § 41 EEG 6,240
CHP levy § 9 (2) KWKG 0,178
Power Price 3,500
Power Grid Costs and reduced Concession levy
(Delivery Costs)
0,110
2014
Kosten Ct/kWh
32
Power Price Components Composition energy intensive industry
33
3.909
2.000
4.000
a
Ct/kWh Detachable load levy §18 AbLaV 0.009
Concession levy §2 (3) KAV 0.110
System Usage Charge levy §19 (2) StNEV 0.025
Offshore levy §17f EnWG 0.026
Margin Trader 0.050
EEG levy § 41 EEG 0,052
CHP levy § 9 (2) KWKG 0,025
Power Price 3,500
Power Grid Costs and reduced Concession
levy (Delivery Costs)
0,110
2014
Costs Ct/kWh
In order that power can be stored in chemicals, then the final product has to be taxed.
If this becomes the case than, there will be a sustainable business case for investments.
Power Price Components power for chemical Energy storage
Clarification of the power price components! 34
Conclusion
• Chemical Energy storage is technical possible
• CO2 as reasonable feedstock is available
• Industrial implementation is competitive
• Sustainable Framework is not in place
35
Thank you for your attention!
Christian Schweitzer
Mottelerstrasse 8
04155 Leipzig, Germany
phone +49 341 609 12 0
fax +49 341 609 12 15
email [email protected]
web www.bse-engineering.de
bse Engineering Leipzig GmbH