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Postnatal – the second window of opportunity
S. Paredes
30 March 2015
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Outline
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Introduction
Birth weight – the limiting factor?
Alternatives during the 2nd window of opportunity
Trans-generational effects
Benefits of investing in early life
Take home message
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LifeStart….
Welfare Economic implications
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Birth weight - the limiting factor??
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Birth weight is NOT always the limiting factor
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0
5
10
15
20
25
BW
, kg
*
*
*
* *
*
SRC, 2014
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Birth weight is NOT always the limiting factor
Nutreco R&D, 2012
• Permanent effect?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
< -3.0
to-3.0
-3.0 to-
2.5
-2.5 to-
2.0
- 2.0 to-
1.5
-1.5 to-
1.0
-1.0 to-
0.5
-0.5 to
average
An
ima
ls, %
remain
increase
decrease
• Problem is not efficiency-related
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Nursery exit weight is determined:
● 30% by birth weight
● 30% by weaning weight
Paredes et al., 2012
• 70% by weight during the first weeks after weaning
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Relation to market weight
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100
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Measured Calculated
Mar
ket
BW
, kg
BiW < 20% WeaW ≤ 20% 10 wk weight 35% Finishing period < 20%
78% accuracy to determine slaughter weight
Paredes, unpublished
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Light weight piglets are NOT that different
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Paredes et al., 2013
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Light weight piglets are NOT that different
Paredes et al., 2014
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They suffered from an earlier stressor
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Paredes et al., 2013
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for which they can compensate
Move to average performance group
Nutreco R&D, 2013
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Within a time frame
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Alternatives from 14 to 42 days of age
15 Early feed intake = Faster adaptation to challenges
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Health and growth
LifeStart key pilars
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Genetics
Management
Processes in gut wall
Adequate immune response
Digestion & absorption
Health and growth
Over/Under immune response
Reduced health and growth
Immune competence
Other
factors
Gut microbiota
Pig
GIT
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Different genetics = different needs
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Nutreco R&D
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One diet DOES NOT fit all
Agresearch, 2013
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Enhances the resilience to weaning
Healthier colon,
lower signs of inflammation
Also
• Lowest removals
• Less ß-haemolytic bacteria
21 Creep (day 19-27) Progeny of multiparous sows Adapted from Edwards, 2010
Creep feed
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Early post-weaning intake is stimulated by diet composition
Nutreco R&D, 2013
Day 0–14 post-weaning: 30 g/d extra feed intake 30 g/day extra growth 6.5% less diarrhoea
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Complex diet = Higher % piglets eating
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Wellock, 2013
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Paredes et al. (in preparation)
Complex diet increases microbial richness in colon
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Complex diets = lower PWD
Nutreco R&D, 2012
E. Coli infection tests at SRC
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
Ave
rage
sco
re
Day post weaning
HR diet
MW dietComplex diet
Simple diet
*
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Complex diet help in a Strep suis challenge
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1000
Nursery phase Finishing period
AD
G, g
/d
0
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120
Nursery phase Finishing period
BW
, kg
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
Nursery phase Finishing period
FCR
De Lange, 2015
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Complex diet provide increase disease resistance
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Gene Gene Name Fold change P value ARG1 Arginase 1 1.79 0.056 CPS1 Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 1.56 0.057 SLA-DMA, B Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.55 <0.078 SLA-DQA, B1 Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.51 <0.057 SLA-DRA, B1 Swine leukocyte antigen DMA 0.56 <0.070 GPX1 Glutathione peroxidase 1 (cellular) 1.52 0.057 GPX3 Glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma) 2.78 0.057 NR3C1 Glucocorticoid receptor 0.53 0.066 TXNIP Thioredoxin interacting protein 0.59 0.057
Rudar et al., 2012
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Van der Douglas et al., 2014
P<0.05
P<0.10
MOF, $/pig Complex feeding
program: 23.40 vs. Simple feeding
program: 20.50
Complex diet ≠ Higher costs
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Muscle growth rather than fat deposition
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Yin et al., 2010, 2013
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Welfare implications
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● Reduction in nr of light weight piglets
Adapted from Edwards, 2010
• Reduction in mortality • More prepared piglets for the nursery challenges
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Early investment = lower days to market
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LifeStart Common practice
day
s to
mar
ket
4
TN Benelux, 2014
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Trans-generational effect
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Higher shoulder % Leaner carcasses
Braunschweig et al., 2012
F 0 Control or experimental diet
F 1
Control diet
F 2
Control diet
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• Reduction in embryo survival d 45 gestation • Decreased uterus weight and size
0-13 d post-natal EV or control
Tarleton et al., 2002
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Benefits of investing in early life
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Earlier feed intake PW Microbial host relation
Higher within-batch homogeneity
Lower mortality
Higher ROI Protein accretion ≥4 days less to market
Better immune response
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Take home message
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Take home message
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1. A light piglet at birth is not deemed to be the lightest
2. The first weeks post-weaning are more important than birth weight determining the fate of a piglet
3. Light weight piglets will benefit the most of complex feeding scheme
5. Targeted nutrition rather than a simple feeding will determine future performance
6. Not only economical but welfare benefits of investing in early life
7. Investing in the first 6 weeks of a pig’s life will pay off in the long term
4. Complex feeding ≠ higher costs - Complex feeding = MOF
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Thank you
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