![Page 1: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI
Yoram Fuchs
![Page 2: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years and was introduced to Burma and India by the end of the 17th century and from there probably by the end of the19th century to many countries which have subtropical climate regions such as Japan, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Reunion, Madagascar, USA – Florida, Brazil, New Zealand and also Israel.
![Page 3: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LITCHI PRODUCTION (1998)INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH (ICAR)
COUNTRY PRODUCTION 000 MTINDIA 250 – 300CHINA 190 - 220MADAGASCAR 35 - 40 SOUTH AFRICA 20 - 28THAILAND 5 - 10 MAURITIUS 0.7 - 1
![Page 4: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION ACCOUNTS FOR 95 % OF THE WORLD’S PRODUCTION (2001)
(PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU – GOVERNMENT OF INDIA)
CHINA IS THE LARGEST PRODUCER OF LITCHI FOLLOWED BY INDIA, THAILAND, AUSTRALIA, VIETNAM, SOUTH AFRICA, MADAGASCAR AND FLORIDA
![Page 5: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TIME OF LITCHI ARRIVAL IN EUROPEAN MARKETS
COUNTRY / SOURCEMONTH OF ARRIVAL
AUSTRALIANOVEMBER - MARCH
ISRAELJULY - AUGUST
MAURITIUSEND OF FEB. - MARCH
SOUTH AFRICANOVEMBER - JANUARY
TAIWANJUNE – AUGUST
THAILANDMAY – JUNE
MADAGASCARNOVEMBER - JANUARY
![Page 6: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
HOW LITCHI IS CONSUMED?
FRESH FRUIT
JUICE
CANNED
DRIED (LITCHI FIG OR NUT)
PICKLLED
![Page 7: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE MAIN THREE PROBLEMS IN KEEPING THE POSTHARVEST
QUALITY OF LITCHI FRUIT ARE:
• HOW TO PRESERVE THE RED COLOR OF THE PEEL
• HOW TO PROTECT THE FRUIT FROM DECAY BY MICROORGANISMS
• HOW TO REDUCE WEIGHT LOSS (DESICCATION)
![Page 8: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LITCHI IS REGARDED AS A NONE CLIMACTERIC FRUIT
-IT DOSE NOT RIPEN OFF THE TREE AND UNRIPE FRUIT
DO NOT DEVELOP FULL FLAVOR.
-THEREFORE, IT HAS TO BE HARVESTED RIPE.
-FOR FRESH MARKET PURPOSES THE MAIN CRITERION
FOR RIPENESS IS THE RED COLOR OF THE RIND
(PEEL, PERICARP).
-THE PEEL TURNS BROWN AND GETTING DESICCATED 1
OR 2 DAYS AFTER HARVEST.
-ALTHOUGH THE BROWNING HAS NO EFFECT ON THE
TASTE AND THE FLAVOR OF THE FRUIT, IT REDUCES
SERIOUSLY ITS COMMERCIAL VALUE.
![Page 9: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
BET DAGAN, ISRAEL
![Page 10: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BET DAGAN, ISRAEL
![Page 11: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LITCHI ON THE TREE
![Page 12: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LITCHI AT HARVEST
![Page 13: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SO2 FUMIGATION IN THE ORCHARD
![Page 14: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fumigation chamber in a family packinghouse
![Page 15: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SO2 FUMIGATION IN A FAMILY PACKINGHOUSE
![Page 16: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
AFTER 20 MIN OF SO2 FUMIGATION
![Page 17: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SEPARATING THE FRUIT FROM THE LEAVES AFTER SO2 FUMIGATION
![Page 18: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ON THE WAY TO THE COLD ROOM AFTER SO2 FUMIGATION
![Page 19: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
AFTER 3 WEEKS OF STORAGE AT 5 C
![Page 20: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ON DAY OF HARVEST
![Page 21: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ABSORPTION SPECTRA IN THE VISIBLE REGION OF PALARGONIDIN CYNIDIN AND DELPHINIDIN(IN 0/01% HCL IN METHANOL)
![Page 22: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF ANTHOCYANINS WITH pH
![Page 23: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ABSORBANCE OF METHANOLIC PEEL EXTRACT OF FUMIGATED LITCHI - “I” AND AFTER
ACIDIFICATION WITH HCL – “II”
![Page 24: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
6 DAYS AFTER HARVESTIIIIIIIII
![Page 25: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SIX DAYS AFTER HARVEST
![Page 26: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SIX DAYS AFTER HARVESTFUMIGATION+pH 0.5 FUMIGATED CONTROL
![Page 27: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
COLOR CHANGES AS A RESULT OF THE pH
![Page 28: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
HALF FRUIT TREATED WITH HCL
![Page 29: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PARTIAL DIP
![Page 30: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CRACKS IN LITCHI PEEL
![Page 31: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FRUIT ROTS ( MAINLY Penicillium spp.)
![Page 32: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
DECAY CONTROL0.2% PROCHLORASE
![Page 33: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
LITCHI PACKINGHOSE
![Page 34: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
LITCHI PACKINGHOSE
![Page 35: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ARRANGING THE PALLET
![Page 36: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LITCHI PACKING HOUSE
![Page 37: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CRACKED FOOD
![Page 38: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
BROWN ENDOCARP
![Page 39: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
BROWN ENDOCARP DISORDERS
![Page 40: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SUMMARY OF OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESS
![Page 41: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
HOT WATER BRUSHING
![Page 42: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SCHEME OF A HWB LINE IN A LITCHI PACKINGHOUSE
![Page 43: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
HOT WATER BRUSHING 2
![Page 44: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ROTATING DRUM
![Page 45: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
HWB and COMMERCIAL
![Page 46: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
HWB and SO2 + HCL, AFTER 5 WEEKS OF STORAGE AT 5 C
![Page 47: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
HWB + HCL + SPORTAK and CONTROL
![Page 48: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
DECAY CONTROL TREATMENTS
![Page 49: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
DECAY SYMPTOMS AFTER 10 WEEKS AT 4°C
![Page 50: POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF LITCHI Yoram Fuchs. Introduction Litchi (Litchi chinensis Son) has originated in China. It has been cultivated for over 3000 years](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649ddb5503460f94ad1e6a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
WHAT NEXT?• HOW TO KEEP THE RED COLOR
WITHOUT USING SO2 FUMIGATION AND HCL DIP?
• HOW TO PREVENT DECAY WITHOUT USING FUNGICIDES?
• COLD TEMPERATUR (ICE) ?• MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE (BAGS)?• BETTER RH CONTROL?• DIFFERENT CULTIVARS?