Download - Post Orthodontic Demineralization: Recommendations for Prevention and Clinical Management
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Post-Orthodontic Demineralization:Recommendations for
Prevention & Clinical Management
Shadi S. SamawiBDS, MMedSci (Orth.), MOrthRCSED.
JOS, November 2006
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
… Clinical Success in Orthodontics
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
FUNCTIONALOCCLUSION
DENTAL & PERIODONTAL
HEALTH
DENTAL & FACIALESTHETICS
TOTALPATIENT
MANAGEMENT
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
SUCCESS !
=Healthy
Dentition & Periodontium
Esthetics
Function
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Post-Orthodontic Demineralization(Precursor to Caries)
FAILURE !?
=Esthetics
Function
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Overview
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
In This Presentation..
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Overview
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
In This Presentation..
Brief Etiology & Clinically-Relevant Research
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Overview
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
In This Presentation..
Brief Etiology & Clinically-Relevant Research
Recommendations for PREVENTION:
Before.. During orthodontic treatment
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Overview
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
In This Presentation..
Brief Etiology & Clinically-Relevant Research
Recommendations for PREVENTION:
Before.. During orthodontic treatment
Recommendations for CLINICAL MANAGEMENT:
After completion of orthodontic treatment
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Substrate
Time
Bacteria
Demineralization( Caries )
Basics..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Dynamics …
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 8H+ 10Ca+2 + 6HPO4-2 + 2H2O
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Dynamics …
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 8H+ 10Ca+2 + 6HPO4-2 + 2H2O
pHDemineralization
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Dynamics …
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
pH
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 8H+ 10Ca+2 + 6HPO4-2 + 2H2O
pHDemineralization
Remineralization
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The Key…
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
- Fluoride-enhanced precipitation of Calcium Phosphates
- Formation of Fluor-hydroxyapatite in dental tissues
Fluoride
Best Established Remineralization Strategy
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Some Relevant Research..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
..Prevalence reports vary widely.. %2 - %96 !
Mitchell, 1992, Br J Orth
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Some Relevant Research..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
..Loss of calcified tooth substance (Ca + P) occurs as early as 4 weeks after bond-up !!
O’Reilly & Featherstone, 1987, AJODO
..Prevalence reports vary widely.. %2 - %96 !
Mitchell, 1992, Br J Orth
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Some Relevant Research..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
..Loss of calcified tooth substance (Ca + P) occurs as early as 4 weeks after bond-up !!
O’Reilly & Featherstone, 1987, AJODO
..The opacity is an optical phenomenon directly related to loss of subsurface minerals..
Gorelick et al, 1982, AJODO; Mellberg, 1988, Am J Dent
..Prevalence reports vary widely.. %2 - %96 !
Mitchell, 1992, Br J Orth
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Zachrisson & Zachrisson, 1971 Zachrisson, 1977 Mizrahi, 1982 + 1983 Gorelick et al, 1982 Artün & Brobakken, 1986 Øgaard, 1989 Mitchell, 1992 Willmot & Brook, 1999 Willmot, 2000 Others …
Some Relevant Research..
Prevalence reports varied widely due to different methods of assessment !
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Zachrisson & Zachrisson, 1971 Zachrisson, 1977 Mizrahi, 1982 + 1983 Gorelick et al, 1982 Artün & Brobakken, 1986 Øgaard, 1989 Mitchell, 1992 Willmot & Brook, 1999 Willmot, 2000 Others …
Some Relevant Research..
Prevalence reports varied widely due to different methods of assessment !
General agreement on increased incidence in orthodontic patients
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Zachrisson & Zachrisson, 1971 Zachrisson, 1977 Mizrahi, 1982 + 1983 Gorelick et al, 1982 Artün & Brobakken, 1986 Øgaard, 1989 Mitchell, 1992 Willmot & Brook, 1999 Willmot, 2000 Others …
Some Relevant Research..
Prevalence reports varied widely due to different methods of assessment !
General agreement on increased incidence in orthodontic patients
Fairly-good agreement on lesion distribution, as well as tooth groups affected
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Some Relevant Research..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Localization and Distribution of White Lesions
Mizrahi,(1982 +1983)..Opacity Index (Visual Scoring System from 0 – 3):
- Males more affected.- Increased incidence on :
- Max. & Mand. 1st molars- Max. lateral incisors- Mand. Lateral incisors & Canines
- Middle & Cervical thirds of crowns most affected.
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Some Relevant Research..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Localization and Distribution of White Lesions
Willmot,(2000)Pre- & Post-treatment photographic-slide comparisons :
- In agreement with most previous reports..- Increased incidence on :
- Upper Lateral Incisors (14.8%)- Lower Canines (14%)- Lower Premolars (16.2%)
- No difference between LEFT & RIGHT sides of the mouth.
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
AIM: to more accurately assess location & surface areas of PWL on upper & lower anterior teeth..
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
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Retrospective, Observational..Part of a wider study..Methodology tried to overcome many problems in previous methods of visual assessment
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
AIM: to more accurately assess location & surface areas of PWL on upper & lower anterior teeth..
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
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Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
Digital records of (274 teeth )
Special standardized camera setup
Polarized white light
Pre-existing lesions excluded..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
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Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
Digital records of (274 teeth )
Special standardized camera setup
Polarized white light
Pre-existing lesions excluded..
(Image Plus Pro, V 3.01) software:
labial surface into 4 quadrants
Locate + outline + measure surface area of each lesion & quadrant
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
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Location:
Upper > Lower teeth..
Ging > Occ. quadrants..
U. lateral incisors &
Lr. canines most affected..
No diff. between LEFT & RIGHT sides..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
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Location:
Upper > Lower teeth..
Ging > Occ. quadrants..
U. lateral incisors &
Lr. canines most affected..
No diff. between LEFT & RIGHT sides..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Further Attempts At Localization & Measurement..
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Surface Area: Upper teeth > Lower teeth lesions
(sig. diff. for centrals and laterals)..
Gingival > Occlusal lesions..
Sig. Diff. in lesion size between MESIAL & DISTAL quadrants..
No diff. between LEFT & RIGHT sides..
Further Attempts At Localisation & Measurment..
Localization & Surface Area Measurement of Post-Orthodontic White Lesions By Computerized Image AnalysisS.S. Samawi, D.R. Willmot, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 2003
( under publication )
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So.. Why study PWL ??
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Identify Patterns..
Anticipate..
Target..PREVENTPWL ..?
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So.. Why study PWL ??
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
A Notable Finding ..
(0.022” x 0.028”) bracket slot : Sliding mechanics with (0.019” x 0.025”) SS posted arches
DG of lateral incisors
MG of Canines
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Recommendations for Prevention
Preventive measures implemented: Before beginning orthodontic treatment During orthodontic treatment
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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.. Patient & Parent Education & Awareness Before Starting Treatment are
PARAMOUNT TO SUCCESSFUL PREVENTION..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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.. Patient & Parent Education & Awareness Before Starting Treatment are
PARAMOUNT TO SUCCESSFUL PREVENTION..
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
“ Patients Don’t Know What They Want.. Until They DON’T Get It !! “
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Prevention Before Orthodontic Tx
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Instructional(Psychological) Preparation
Clin
ical
lyApplied
Preparation
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
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Instructional (psychological) preparation :
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
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Instructional (psychological) preparation :
Emphasizing importance of strict & properly-implemented OH measures needed throughout Tx, at the INITIAL VISIT !
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
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Instructional (psychological) preparation :
Emphasizing importance of strict & properly-implemented OH measures needed throughout Tx, at the INITIAL VISIT !
Letting the patient know his/her OH will be monitored closely each and every visit !
Providing detailed, easy-to-understand OHI at the bond-up appointment.
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
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Effective VISUAL Reinforcement !
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
1- Use “Props” for more visual instructions: i.e: Actual toothbrushes, Bonded Typodonts,
OrthoWax, …etc...
..Detailed OHI..
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
2- How to properly use special orthodontic brushes i.e: Ortho V-brush, Inter-dental brush
Electric toothbrush (if available), …etc..
..Detailed OHI..
Use the “ TELL – SHOW – DO “ technique !
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
3- Use PowerPoint Slide Shows or Photo-Books for demonstration of technique or
undesirable effects of improper OH !
..Detailed OHI..
MORE Effective VISUAL Reinforcement !
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Effective ReinforcementAt Home..!
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Before Orthodontic Tx
4- Provide WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS such as Leaflets or Color Brochures
With OHI tips..
..Detailed OHI..
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Prevention Before Orthodontic Tx
5 Minutes ..at the Initial Exam visit !
10-15 Minutes ..OHI after the Bond-up !
1 Minute ..at beginning of each visit !
Clinical Time ?
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Prevention Before Orthodontic Tx
Clinically-applied Preparation :
Patients with Very Poor OH before Tx are referred for
Professional Cleaning ( Scaling / Jet Cleaning..)
Proper Oral Hygiene RE-INSTRUCTION..
Monitored for 1-2 months before initiating orthodontic Tx..
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Prevention Before Orthodontic Tx
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Prevention Before Orthodontic Tx
Predictors For Potential Development Of PWL:
Pre-existing Poor Oral HygieneAnticipated Long Tx Time
Younger Age?
Inter-proximal Caries
Fornell & Twetman, 2004
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Prevention During Orthodontic Tx
Instructional(Motivational) Methods
Clin
ical
lyApplied
MethodsPa
tient
AppliedM
ethods
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Instructional (Motivational) Methods :
Constant monitoring at each subsequent visit..
Keep parents informed about progress / Poor OH..etc..
Motivate Re-motivate WARN !
Use “ REWARD / PUNISHMENT “ techniques !
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Clinically-applied Methods :
3. Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives
4. Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics
1. Appliance System & Mechanics
2. Fluoride-Releasing Sealants
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic TxAppliance System & Mechanics :
A more refined, less “cluttered” bracket design
A Low – Friction system ( Reduced Tx time? )
Simpler – yet effective - mechanics and archwires
Less use of plaque-retaining elastomerics and Power-Chains
Bonding rather than Banding molars..?
.. SELF - LIGATING BRACKETS ..?
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Sealants :
Lee et al, JCO; 1973
Acid-etching then SEALING entire labial enamel surface prior to bonding..??
..Protective coating between enamel and acidic plaque environment..??
Banks & Richmond, EJO; 1994%72 of sample suffered decalcifications !
Wenderoth et al, 1999Results “ ..Not encouraging..”
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
PulpDent Corporation Ortho-Coat™
A fluoride releasing, light-cured resin
• Patented Embrace technology: Moisture tolerant..
• Marginal integrity and ability to prevent microleakage !
www.dentalcompare.comwww.pulpdent.com
New
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1. Composite Resins2. Resin-modified GI3. Hybrid Composites (Compomers)
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives :
Staley et al, 2004Transbond XT (LC composite),
Advance (composite resin), Fuji LC (RMGI)
Fuji LC (RMGI)
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives :
Basdra et al, AJODO; 1996In vitro comparison of :
Rely-A-Bond), Fluorobond Concise, Conventional Concise (control)
For F. Release + Demineralization Inhibition Potential + Effects On Enamel
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives :
Basdra et al, AJODO; 1996
• Maximal Fluoride release
period occurs within 3-4 days..!
• After approx. 90 days,
almost no residual F
release present !
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives :
..Removing Excess Adhesive Around Every Bracket !
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..Strategic (Targeted) Fluoride Release..?
AROUND BRACKET MARGINS
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
Wiltshire, 1996Wiltshire, 1999
Mattick et al, 2001
Promising Results..Further Clinical Trials needed!
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
Wiltshire, 1996Wiltshire, 1999
Mattick et al, 2001
Promising Results..Further Clinical Trials needed!
Doherty et al, 2002
PROSPECTIVE RCT“..No significant anti-cariogenic
Benefits from the use of fluoridated ligatures..”
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
Benson et al, 2004
Effects on Plaque Microbiology:“..ineffective in changing levels of
Streptococci or anaerobes in plaque..”
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
LIMITATIONS• Short-term Fluoride release• Ligatures become SWOLLEN & lose elasticity quickly !
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Fluoride-Releasing Elastomerics:
LIMITATIONS• Short-term Fluoride release• Ligatures become SWOLLEN & lose elasticity quickly !
..Currently NOT a very effective measure against decalcification !
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Patient-applied Methods :
1. Diet Control
3. Daily Fluoride
Mouth Rinses
4. Adjunctive AntiPlaque / AntiMicrobial
Agents
2. Daily Tooth-brushing
(Fluoride Toothpastes)
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Diet Control :
Cheese, Starchy foods (Bread & Pasta)
Fruits & Vegetables..
Water..!
XSUGARS & SWEETS
SUGARY, ACIDIC & FIZZY DRINKS
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Daily Tooth brushing with Fluoride Toothpastes :
Rinsing with water after tooth brushing greatly reduces oral fluoride retention !
Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategiesIndiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, June 2006
The most widely used method of delivering topical fluoride (around 1450 ppm)
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0.05% NaF (226 ppm)And
0.2% NaF (900 ppm) Daily / Weekly rinses:
Reduced incidence of decalcification & caries..but NOT completely !
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive Daily Fluoride Rinsing :
Geiger et al, 1982Øgaard et al, 1988 + 1989
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive Daily Fluoride Rinsing :
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15 Clinical trials ( > 700 patients)
CONCLUSION: Topical fluoride / fluoride-containing bonding materials
effective
But.. Which method most effective..??
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive Daily Fluoride Rinsing :
Benson et al, 2004Systematic Review
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive Daily Fluoride Rinsing :
Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategiesIndiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, June 2006
Recommendation
Daily Fluoride Rinsing ( 0.05% NaF) ..?
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive AntiPlaque / AntiMicrobial Agents :
Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategiesIndiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, June 2006
Triclosan
Phenolic / Essential oilCompounds
(Thymol, Eukaleptol)
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
(Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride)
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
During Orthodontic Tx
Adjunctive AntiPlaque / AntiMicrobial Agents :
Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategiesIndiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, June 2006
Chlorhexidine 2nd line Treatment 0.2% Oral Rinse
0.05% Oral Gel
Once daily 30 sec rinse each time
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Recommendations for Clinical Management
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Management of PWL After orthodontic treatment
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Clinical Management
Mainly Depends On Severity :
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Clinical Management
Mainly Depends On Severity :
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Mild
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Clinical Management
Mainly Depends On Severity :
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Mild Moderate
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Clinical Management
Mainly Depends On Severity :
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Mild Moderate Severe
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High Fluoride Concentration ??
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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High Fluoride Concentration ??
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
..The opacity is an optical phenomenon directly related to loss of subsurface minerals..
Gorelick et al, 1982, AJODO; Mellberg, 1988, Am J Dent
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Effect of High Fluoride Concentration ??
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Effect of High Fluoride Concentration ??
High Fluoride
Concentration
i.e: Fluoride varnishes,
APF gels, etc..
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Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Effect of High Fluoride Concentration ??
High Fluoride
Concentration
i.e: Fluoride varnishes,
APF gels, etc..
• Remineralization of Surface Layer
• Blocks Porosities Leading To
Subsurface Layers
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Persistant White lesions!
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Effect of High Fluoride Concentration ??
High Fluoride
Concentration
i.e: Fluoride varnishes,
APF gels, etc..
• Remineralization of Surface Layer
• Blocks Porosities Leading To
Subsurface Layers
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Recommendation
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Current Research Findings:Lesions Remineralise Slowly Through
Normal Remineralisation Potential Of SalivaAfter Debonding !
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Recommendation
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Recommendation:AVOID HIGH FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS
IMMEDIATELY & UP TO 6 MONTHS AFTER DEBONDING !
Zachrisson, 1986 - Ogaard, 1988 – Kamp, 1989 - Willmot, 2000…
Current Research Findings:Lesions Remineralise Slowly Through
Normal Remineralisation Potential Of SalivaAfter Debonding !
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Mild White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Small streaks..• Not a Major
Esthetic Problem
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Mild White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Small streaks..• Not a Major
Esthetic Problem
• Natural Remineralization
(up to 6 months)
• Avoid High F Conc.
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Mild White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Small streaks..• Not a Major
Esthetic Problem
• Natural Remineralization
(up to 6 months)
• Avoid High F Conc.
Re-assess:
• Micro-Abrasion• Composite
Restorations?
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Moderate White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Larger Lesions..• Obvious
Esthetic Problem
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Moderate White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Larger Lesions..• Obvious
Esthetic Problem
• Natural Remineralization
(up to 6 months)
• Avoid High F Conc.
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Moderate White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Larger Lesions..• Obvious
Esthetic Problem
• Natural Remineralization
(up to 6 months)
• Avoid High F Conc.
Re-assess:
• Micro-Abrasion• Composite
Facings ?• Porcelain
Veneers ?
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Severe White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Cavitation (Caries) !
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Severe White-Spot Lesions
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
• Cavitation (Caries) !
• Immediate Restoration • Porcelain Veneers ?• Fluoride Application:
(Wait 4-6 months first !)
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
A Conservative Approach To Dealing With Mild - Moderate PWL..Recommended to be The First Consideration for Treatment..
Croll & Bullock, JCO, 1997
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
High Torque – Low RPM application of PREMA compound
Undetectable amount of enamel (50-150 microns) uniformly removed, along with the superficial decalcified tissue..
RESULT:A Smooth, Polished Enamel Glaze
Resistant to DemineralizationAnd bacterial Colonization..
Croll & Bullock, JCO, 1997
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Water-Soluble Gel
Fine-Grit Silicon Carbide
Hydrochloric/Phosphoric Acid
PREMA
Croll & Bullock, JCO, 1997
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
PREMA compound to be used only with a Rubber Dam..
Protective Eyewear for patient, clinician and staff..
Avoid prolonged exposure of PREMA to gingival tissues !
Fluoridation is recommended after Micro-Abrasion
(4 minutes with Neutral NaF Gel)
Kamp, JCO, 1989 Croll & Bullock, JCO, 1997
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Q: How much enamel can be removed safely?
A: If concavity apparent,Restoration is indicated!
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Enamel Micro-Abrasion ( Acid-Pumice) Technique
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Q: How much enamel can be removed safely?
A: If concavity apparent,Restoration is indicated!
Q: How do we know when treatment is finished?
A: once wet enamel surface shows no evidence of an opacity after application of compound!
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Summary
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Post-Orthodontic Decalcification Is A Well-established & Serious Problem In Orthodontics !
Substrate
Time
Bacteria
Demineralization( Caries )
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Summary
Most Commonly-affected teeth:
Maxillary lateral incisors Mandibular Premolars Max. + Mand. Canines Maxillary Centrals Mandibular 1st Molars
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
- Maxillary > Mandibular Teeth..- Gingival > Incisal Quadrants..
- Max. PWL Larger in size..- Gingival PWL Larger in size..
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Summary
Successful Prevention Of PWL
Before Tx:Careful Patient Selection
Proper Psychological Preparation Of Patient & Parent(s) !
Detailed, Easy-to-understand OHI:– “Tell – Show –Do” Technique
– Visual Reinforcement
– Written OHI
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
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Summary
Successful Prevention Of PWL
During Tx:“ Faster ”, Less-cluttered, More-refined Appliance System..Simple-yet-effective Archwires & Tx Mechanics..Fluoride Releasing Adhesives & Cements..Adjunctive Daily Fluoride Mouth Rinses (0.05% Naf)
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
“Motivation / Warning” techniques..“Reward / Punishment” techniques..
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Summary
Clinical Management Of PWL
Post - Tx:
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Avoid High Fluoride Concentrations
up to 6 months Post-Debond !
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Summary
Clinical Management Of PWL
Post - Tx:
Mild PWL Natural Remineralization +/- Micro-abrasion
Moderate PWL Natural Remineralization +/- Micro-Abrasion
Severe PWL Immediate Restoration +/- Veneers?
Introduction Research Prevention Clinical Management Summary
Micro-AbrasionA Conservative Approach To Dealing With Mild - Moderate PWL
1st Line Treatment
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A Perfect Treatment Plan
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A Perfect Treatment Plan
SophisticatedMechanics
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A Perfect Treatment Plan
State-of-the-ArtAppliance Systems
SophisticatedMechanics
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A Perfect Treatment Plan
State-of-the-ArtAppliance Systems
SophisticatedMechanics
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A Perfect Treatment Plan
State-of-the-ArtAppliance Systems
SophisticatedMechanics
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Thank
You
For
Being..
..Good Listeners !
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