Download - Positive teaching techniques pt 2
Positive TeachingTechniques 2
Helpful techniques for teaching children new skills.
Part 1
In Part 1 of Positive Teaching Techniques, we covered 9 techniques:
Active Listening
Chaining
Cues/Prompts
Differential Reinforcement
Discrimination Training
Environmental Manipulation
Fading of Cues/Prompts
Generalization Training
Graduated Guidance
In Part 2 of Positive Teaching Techniques, we will cover 8 more techniques:
Incidental Teaching
Modeling
Redirection
Reinforcement
Relaxation Training
Shaping
Token Economics
Voluntary Time Out
Part 2
This involves using “teachable moments”
Those who support individuals use normally occurring situations as well as random and unplanned occurrences to provide “on the spot teaching”
Incidental Teaching
Incidental TeachingExample
Using slide shows, role play, or flip cards can useful in teaching “Stranger Danger”.
If you’re out in the community, and a stranger offers the consumer a piece of candy, take the time to teach about Stranger Danger right then and there. Using this unplanned occurrence can be a helpful tool to understanding Stranger Danger.
This is what’s called a “teachable moment”
Modeling
Demonstrating the desired behavior to be imitated.
Modeling Example
If the consumer sees you doing the dishes, it’ll be easier for them to want to learn to do dishes.
Any new activity or skill can seem scary or unrealistic, but if they see someone they trust doing it, it is more likely they will be receptive.
Model the behavior you would like to see in them.
Redirection
A technique where the person is instructed to a different area, activity, choice, or focus in order to interrupt the current behavior, AND then problem solving to address the reason for the behavior, and/or training the acceptable replacement behavior.
Redirection Example
If a consumer is throwing a tantrum over the TV being turned off…• direct them to a different activity. “Would you
like to make cookies or go to the park?” • Take them into a different room• Focus them on something else like a phone,
book, or toy
That’s the first half!
Redirection ExampleContinued
After interrupting the current behavior, then use problem solving to address the reason for the behavior.
Now that you’re at the park, “Why did you get so upset when the TV was turned off?” “What can we do next time so you know when it’s time to change activities?” “Let’s set up a chart, or have a timer.”
Reinforcement
Any event/item that immediately follows a behavior which increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again. This includes gaining objects, activities, interactions, occurrences or tokens/symbols
Reinforcement Example
Creating a system to reward good behavior. i.e.
Brushing teeth=5 minutes of computer time
Helping clean up after dinner=cookie
Tying shoe=sticker
Getting dressed independently=2 stickers
Each math problem=1 point
10points=$1
Find what works for your consumer, and use it as a reward for positive behavior.
Relaxation Training
Using different strategies help a person remain calm or use self calming techniques in situations that otherwise produce stress or anxiety.
Relaxation TrainingExamples
If your consumer is stressed, anxious, or angry, try one of the following relaxation techniques:• Deep breathing• Laying down• Visualizing a calm space• Counting to 20• Going for a walk• Yoga• Listening to music• Being by yourself• A warm bath
Shaping
A procedure that reinforces, in a planned sequence, closer and closer steps to learning a skill.
Shaping Example
To Teach John to complete a worksheet. Start with the simplest task, and gradually increase it until it’s completed.
1. John will write his name at the top of the worksheet.
2. John will complete one problem of his choice.
3. John will complete five problems of his choice.
4. John will complete either all the odd numbered problems or all
the even numbered problems.
5. John will complete all problems except one.
6. John will complete all problems.
Token Economics
A reward system where symbols are given for positive behavior, then saved and exchanged for items of larger value.
Symbols can be poker chips, stars on a chart, stickers, checks on a calendar, etc.
Token EconomicsExample
Full chart=going out for ice cream
10 poker chips=1 hour of computer time
25 stickers= new toy
30 checks on Calendar=going to a movie
Picking up Toys Washing Hands Saying “Please”
Voluntary Time Out
A procedure where the individual chooses to go to an area away from others to allow time and space to deal with stressors in the environment or feelings that can lead to difficult behavior.
MUST be voluntary.
Voluntary Time Out Example
When a consumer is in a stressful environment, or is becoming agitated, let them go to an area away from others, homework, or whatever is causing them stress.
It must be voluntary.
Review
Applying these positive teaching techniques:Incidental Teaching
Modeling
Redirection
Reinforcement
Relaxation Training
Shaping
Token Economics
Voluntary Time Out
Will help create a positive learning environment for both you and your consumer.
Active Listening
Chaining
Cues/Prompts
Differential Reinforcement
Discrimination Training
Environmental Manipulation
Fading of Cues/Prompts
Generalization Training
Positive Teaching Techniques
Incidental Teaching
Modeling
Redirection
Reinforcement
Relaxation Training
Shaping
Token Economics
Voluntary Time Out
Graduated Guidance