Download - Position sensitive scintillation detectors for the trigger system in the space experiment NUCLEON
Position sensitive scintillation detectors for the trigger system in the space experiment NUCLEON
Supervisors: Anatoliy I. Kalinin a Students: Irina Cioara b
Alexandra Chilug b
a Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna,Russiab University of Bucharest, Romania
Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems
Were discovered by Victor Hess in 1912 They are energetic charged subatomic
particles, originating from outer space. They
may produce secondary particles that
penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and surface. The NUCLEON experiment is aimed at
studying cosmic rays that have energies
between 1011- 1014 eV. The TUS experiment is aimed at studying
cosmic rays that have ultra high energy,
above 5*1019 eV. The used method is an
indirect one, that does not remember the
primary particle.
Cosmic rays
NUCLEON The main idea of the NUCLEON project is to design
and to create a scientific device with large aperture and
a relatively light weight for measure elemental spectra
of cosmic rays in a wide energy range E ~ 1011- 1014 eV. The method is based on event by event measurement of
spatial distribution of the charged and neutral secondary
particles which were produced in the inelastic nuclear
interaction in the target of the detector and have passed
through layers of silicon micro strip detectors and thin
converters to produce e- e+ pairs of the secondary
gammas. This technique is known as KLEM (Kinematic
Lightweight Energy Meter).
KLEM [Kinematic Lightweight Energy Meter]
The main objective of the KLEM instrument is direct measurement of the
elemental energy spectra of high-energy (1011-1016eV ) cosmic ray in
space. The basis of the KLEM method is energy determination by measuring the
number and the angular distribution of secondary particles produced in a
target. The energy of a primary particle is calculated using the following
function:
Ni= number of secondary particles registered in strip i
ηi= pseudorapidity
xi= distance of strip i from the point of intersection of the extrapolated
primary particle trajectory with the detector plane
h= the distance between the detector plane and the midle of the target
i
iES 2iN)(
))2/(tan( hxLn ii
Advantages of KLEM method:
a large aperture a lightweight device (it does not need a
thick absorber) has easy read out of information (thanks
to the use of silicon microstrip detectors) long duration exposures in orbit measurement of an individual energy
spectra with single technique over a very
wide energy range
KLEM
NUCLEON Structure
COMPARATOR
MPMT XPMT+ IVN A
PMT + IVN A
MPMT YPMT + IVN A
PMT + IVN
A
P1
P1
Fibers
P-16
P-16
P-32
Block diagram of the plane
Trigger systemThe goal of the trigger system is the selection and rejection of data flux to a limited volume that can be
transferred to the ground data acquisition and control center for further offline analysis.
• Scintillator detectors - basic instruments for registration of cosmic rays and other radiations.
The scintillator converts the falling radiation into a short pulse of visible light.
The photomultiplier converts the collected light from the scintillator into electrical signal and amplifies it
as much as possible.
In the NUCLEON project vacuum photomultipliers are used.
A
Amplifier
ScintillatorFiber
PMT CC COMPARATOR
0 500 1000 1500 2000-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
D19600
Channels
NN
E= 60V430nmS= 6,6V
Spectrum of Light Diod
SiPM S60
PMT and SiPMVacuum Photomultiplier Silicon PhotoMultiplier
Advantages for Silicon Photomultipliers:
Applicability in many different fields (high energy physics calorimetry, astrophysics, medical imaging)Low voltage supply (<100 V)Insensitivity to magnetic fieldHigh gain ~ 106 Better one-electron resolution
The general equivalent circuit of the SiPM
Thank you for your attention!