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Portland HarborSuperfund Site
Presentation to the
Public
Kristine Koch, U.S. EPA Region 10
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Lower Willamette River
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3
Key Parts of Portland Harbor Cleanup
Early Action Cleanup
In-RiverCleanup
Source control
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Basis for Action
• Unacceptable risk to human health
• Most exposure/risk – fish consumption
• PCBs and dioxins/furans site wide
• DDx and PAHs on localized scale
• Unacceptable risk to ecological receptors
• Focus on Ecological Significance
• Most risk to birds, fish, and mammals – fish
consumption
• Benthic risk – primarily groundwater, pesticides
and metals4
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Contaminants
• 64 Contaminants of Concern (COCs)
– Sediment/river banks (24)
– Biota (17)
– Surface Water (27)
– Pore Water (groundwater) (39)
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Focused COCs
• Focused COCs
– PCBs
– PAHs
– DDx
– Dioxins/Furans
• Most widespread
• Most associated risk
• Addresses other COCs
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Example Remedial Action Level Curve
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Example of Contaminant Distribution
8PCBs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
≤9 >9 - 50 >50 - 75 >75 - 200 >200 - 500 >500 - 750 >750 -
1,000
>1,000
Fre
qu
en
cy
Concentration Bins
Detect
Non-Detect
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Example of Contaminant Distribution
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Sediment
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Removal
ALL ALTERNATIVES
Are Different Combinations of:
Natural RecoveryContainment
Dredging CappingEnhanced Natural
Recovery (ENR)Monitored Natural
Recovery (MNR)
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Institutional Controls
• Whole River
– Fish consumption advisories
• Capped Areas
– Waterway Use Restrictions or Regulated
Navigation Areas (RNAs)
– Land Use/Access Restrictions
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Why Use Natural Recovery?
• Upriver Sediment Load
– 82 percent passes through site
– 18 percent retained
• 277 million kg/year
– Lower contaminant concentrations
– Transitional River System
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Evidence Evaluated for Natural Recovery
• Deposition rates – bathymetric survey
• Consistency of deposition/erosion
• Sediment grain size
• Anthropogenic factors – propeller wash
• Surface-to-subsurface sediment ratio
• Waves
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Summary of Technology
Assignments
17
Alt
Dredge
Volume
Dredge
Areas
Dredge/Cap
AreasCap Areas
In-Situ
AreasENR MNR
Construction
TimeframeCost
(Cu Yd) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Years) ($M)
B 659,000 72 6 23 7 100 1,966 4 451
C 790,000 87 6 30 5 97 1,948 5 497
D 1,226,000 132 11 45 3 87 1,900 6 654
E 2,204,000 204 15 66 0 60 1,838 7804
870
F 5,100,000 387 32 118 0 28 1,634 131,317
1.371
G 8,294,000 572 47 185 0 20 1,391 191,731
1,777
H 33,487,000 1632 106 535 0 0 0 629,446
9,525
I 1,855,000 167 17 64 0 60 1,876 7746
811
Preferred Alternative
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Areas Modified from Alternative E
• SDU 5.5E – Alternative F
• SDU 6.5E – Alternative B + PTW
• SDU 6NAV – Alternative B + PTW
• SDU 6W – Alternative D
• SDU 7W – Alternative F
• Areas outside SDUs – PTW only
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Preferred Alternative
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Preferred Alternative Technologies
Addresses
85% of the
Risk
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EPA’s Evaluation Criteria
The Proposed Cleanup Plan must:� Protect Human Health and the Environment
� Comply with Federal and State Environmental Laws
It must achieve the best balance of:� Long-term Effectiveness and Permanence
� Reduction of Toxicity, Mobility, and Volume through Treatment
� Short-term Effectiveness
� Implementability
� Cost
These criteria are considered after public comment period:
� State/Tribal Acceptance
� Community Acceptance
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Containment Natural Recovery
Removal
ALTERNATIVES
High Cost and Construction Impacts Low $$$$
Low Uncertainty High? ???
Alternatives have Different Features and Effects
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Outcomes of Preferred Alternative @ t=0
• Address majority of PTW
• Minimize Institutional Controls for RAO 2
• Minimize recontamination from riverbanks
• Maintain Alternative E fish consumption rates
• Minimize river use restrictions (caps)
• More consistent risk reduction
• Reduces impacts to habitat
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Tell us what you think
• Comment period: June 9 – September 6, 2016
• All documents are on EPA’s web site:
http://go.usa.gov/3Wf2B
• Can comment by – e-mail
[email protected]– Mail
Attn: Harbor Comments U.S. EPA, 805 SW Broadway, Suite 500Portland, OR 97205
– Electronic comment box: https://www.epa.gov/or/forms/comment-epas-proposed-cleanup-plan-portland-harbor-superfund-site
– Orally at a public meeting