Download - Portfolio Committee
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Portfolio Committee
Presented by: Dr Phil Mjwara,
Director General, DST
Portfolio Committee
20 November 2007
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OECD Review of the South African NSI
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Rationale
• Peer review of National Systems of Innovation is an accepted tool to evaluate and improve such systems.
• The OECD review complements the system-wide and the EU reviews.
• South Africa’s observer status in OECD S&T committee entitled us to an OECD review.
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Other OECD reviews
• Completed and published reviews: Switzerland, Luxembourg, South Africa and New Zealand.
• China’s report will be published in early 2008.
• The New Innovative Economies of the South are also using this tool, under review: Chile, Mexico
• 2008 reviews: Norway, Korea, Greece, Turkey and Hungary.
• Requested reviews- Russian Federation, Japan
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The Review Process Involved
• The selection of the OECD Review team comprising the OECD Secretariat, two countries as ‘special’ reviewers and consultants.
• The submission of a South African ‘Background Report’ as the initial input.
• A desktop study.
• Interviews with the major stakeholders in the NSI.
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The General SA reaction
• There is a large measure of resonance with the OECD review outcomes.
• It reinforces the recent strategic shifts in the Science, Technology & Innovation strategy.
• The timing is good for such a review as there is: – An expanded STI discussion in cabinet– A change of leadership in flagship STI
institutions in South Africa.
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Key Review Findings SA’s strengths
• Resource-based industries and related Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS)
• Knowledge infrastructure, albeit small in relation to the size of the overall population
• High proportion of BERD in GERD
• Tradition of linkage between major industries and the knowledge infrastructure
• Industrial and academic international networks
• Political awareness on the importance of STI for sustainable growth
• Open, participative governance with mechanisms in place for cross-Departmental coordination
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Key Review Findings SA’s opportunities
• Raise economic performance by building on existing innovation system strengths in industry – including large firms – and the knowledge infrastructure.
• Investment boom provides window of opportunity for technology development, acquisition and learning – increasing absorptive capacities
• Attract FDI to establish durable South African capacities
• Exploit latent talents of the majority
• Build on industry-research sector interactions as ‘focusing devices’ for developing the knowledge infrastructure
• Revise mental models of how the innovation system operates to put producers in the centre. Further modernise the State’s role in the innovation system via “agencification” and the creation of a national policy arena
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Key Review Findings SA’s weaknesses
• Poor quality schooling for many citizens - Human resource shortages at all levels involving mathematics, science and technology. Inconsistencies between immigration policies and the human resource needs of the innovation system
• Lack of design, engineering, entrepreneurial and management actors (DEEM) and R&D capacity leading to an ‘engineering gap’
• Ageing, White, male dominance of industrial and academic R&D. Use of ‘level playing field’ idea in funding HE impedes the development of new institutions
• Mental models of how the innovation system operates over-focused on the role
of the State - Governance of the state components of the innovation system insufficiently holistic.
• Strategy implementation capacity in the state’s part of the innovation system. Large ‘second economy’ with insufficient entrepreneurial and technological skills
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Key Review Findings SA’s threats
• HIV/AIDS.
• Social unrest, if the pace of development falters.
• Demographic pressures on education, research and innovation systems caused by a large increase in the cohort of people born in the 1990s.
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Key Review Findings
• Human Capital for SET is sub-optimal.
• A long term planning Framework is needed.
• The governance framework needs more vertical and horizontal integration.
• There is an innovation chasm with an insufficient number of research products directly influencing the real economy.
• Science, Technology and Innovation for the 2nd economy should be more pronounced and visible.
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The Responses
• Governance and Policy
• Innovation Focus – addressing the innovation chasm
• Human Capital Pipeline
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Governance and Policy
• Developing a 10 Year Plan for the NSI
• Launched an Innovation Survey to complement the internationally respected Research and Development Survey
• Expanded Socio-Economic Partnerships capacity in DST
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Innovation
• Moving from a S&T system to a NSI
• Linking of the Advanced Manufacturing Tech Strategy and the Advanced Minerals Initiative to the Industrial Policy Framework
• Increased momentum on Fiscal Incentives
• Developing a Technological Innovation Agency
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Summary of Responses
• 10 Year Plan
• Human Capital Strategy for SET
• Innovation Survey
• Fiscal Packages
• Foundation for Technological Innovation
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Thank You#121536)
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