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Jon Lapsley | CDM Smith
Darrell DeWitt| CLT Water
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Collection System and WWTP – the Charlotte Water Experience
2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Agenda
• History of PCBs
• Charlotte Water Contamination and Response
• Data Collection and Management
• Cleanup/Remediation Plans
• Lessons Learned
• Wrap Up/Questions
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
History of PCBs
• Manmade combination of chemicals (oils and waxes)
• Insulator/fire retardant properties
• Congeners Arocolors PCBs
• Insoluble in water, highly soluble in fats dangerous to humans
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
History of PCBs (cont)
• Human health risk -carcinogen
• 1976 – Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): 40 CFR 761
– Governs handling and disposal of contaminated materials
• Time-intensive and costly process Illegal disposal
• Not specific to WWTPs
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Mallard Creek WRF
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
February 6, 2014
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
Quick response diverted the discharge the Equalization Basin
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
• Response Activities – Fire Department and HazMat
• Testing confirmed PCBs and TCBs
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
• Emergency Command Center opened and staffed 24/7– Charlotte Water staff
– City of Charlotte Engineering and Property Management
– Charlotte Fire Department HazMat Unit
– EPA and NCDENR
– Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department and the FBI
– City of Charlotte on call contractors and consultants
• Regular updates to the public
• Emergency Command Center closed on February 21, 2014
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
• Response Activities – Containment Efforts
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
• Collection System Sampling
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Charlotte Water Contamination Event –Mallard Creek WRF
• Powder Activated Carbon
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Now What?
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
TSCA – Rules of the Road
• Total PCB Concentration < 3 ppb
• Total PCB Concentration > 3 ppb but < 50 ppm
• Total PCB Concentration > 50 ppm
• Liquids with Total PCB Concentration > 50 ppm
• Liquids with Total PCB Concentration > 500 ppm
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Data Management
• Sampling protocols enacted immediately throughout the plant
• Hundreds of individual samples, thousands of parameters
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Contamination Response Plans and Documentation
• EPA requires written decontamination plans
• Multiple areas requiring decontamination/cleanup
– Mallard Creek WRF
– Mallard Creek Stormwater Outfall No. 3
– McAlpine Creek WWMF
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Status as of March 2015
• Stormwater Outfall No. 3 –Decontaminated and Clean
• Mallard Creek WRF
– Contaminated biosolids hauled to Emelle, Alabama Subtitle C Landfill
– Solids disposal at local Subtitle D Landfill (hoping to resume land application soon)
– RFP for service provider assistance for cleanout and decontamination
• McAlpine Creek WWMF
– Work is ongoing
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Lessons Learned and Suggestions
• Basic training for operations staff (oily sheens, hydro carbon smells, etc.)
• SOP for contacting regulators and notifying the public
• Agreements/plans in place for contractors and third party lab testing
• Plan for isolating redundant equipment
• Maintain accessibility to outfall locations
• Work with EPA and NCDENR (TSCA is not WWTP specific)
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2015 NC AWWA WEA Spring Conference
Acknowledgements
• Maggie Macomber, Charlotte Water
• Jackie Jarrell, Charlotte Water
• Kim Neely, Charlotte Water
• Charlie Justice, CDM Smith
• Richard Tsang, CDM Smith
• David Wagoner, CDM Smith
• Numerous others
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