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Essentials of SociologyFourth Edition
Chapter ElevenPolitics and the Economy
Leadership and Work in the
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Chapter Overview
Power, Authority,
and Violence
Types ofGovernment
The U.S. Political
System
Who Rules the
U.S.?
The Transformation
of Economic
Systems World Economic
Systems
Capitalism in a
Global Economy
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Power, Authority, and
Violence
*Power- the ability
to get your way,
even over the
resistance of others. *Authority -
legitimate power,as
pointed out by Max
Weber
Coercion -
illegitimate power
that people do not
accept as just.
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Types of Authority
Traditional
authority- based
on custom.
Rational- Legal
authority- based
on written rules.
Charismatic
authority- based
on an individualsoutstanding traits,
which attract
followers.
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Types of Government
*Monarchies- when a king or queen has theright to rule. This form of government wasutilized by early city states.
Democ racies - a system of government inwhich authority derives from the people.
Dictatorsh ip - power is seized by anindividual.
**Oligarchy- when a small group seizespower.
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The U.S. Political System
By the time of the Civil War, two partiesdominated U.S. politics; the Republicans andDemocrats.
Voting increases with age and education,employment, and income.
The most likely voters are those who feel they
have a stake in the political system. Those least likely to vote are poor, younger,
less educated, unemployed Latinos.
Voter Apathy results in indifference and
inaction on the part of individuals or groups in
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Who Rules the United States?
The Funct ional is t
v iew:
Pluralism- adiffusion of power
among many
interest groups that
prevents any onegroup from gaining
control.
The Con f l ict View :
**The Power Elite-
the top leaders whowield power and
make decisions that
direct the country.
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The Transformation of
Economic Systems Economy- a system of producing and
distributing goods and services.
The economy has changed over time:
**(1)a subsistence economy
(2)industrial societies
(3)postindustrial societies a global village- the worlds nations linked by
fast communications, transportation, and trade.
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Ominous Trends in the U.S.
Many Americans
find their standard of
living declining. The income
inequality gap has
increased.
Americans are
saving less.
The U.S. used to be
the worlds largest
creditor, now it is thelargest debtor.
Some fear that we
may end up with a
two-thirds society.
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World Economic Systems
Capitalism **Capitalism- (1) private ownership,
(2)market competition, and (3) the
pursuit of profit. The U.S. is an example of welfare or
state capitalism- private citizens own
the means of production, but they do sowithin a vast system of laws. This form
of capitalism tends to lead to inequality.
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World Economic Systems
Socialism Socialism- (1) public ownership of the
means of production, (2) central
planning, (3) the distribution of goodswithout a profit motive.
A central committee decides supply and
demand. It is designed to eliminate competition.
Everyone works for the government.
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Capitalism in a Global
Economy
The dominance of
capitalism is rooted
in a social inventioncalled the
corporation.
Corporation - a
business that istreated in law as a
person.
Corporate
capitalism- how
corporations now
dominate the
economy.
Multinational
corporations-corporations that
operate across
national borders.
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