Download - Pléiades Neo Image quality indicators
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Pléiades Neo
Image quality indicators and products
Laurent COEURDEVEY,
Head of Pléiades Neo Image and Product Quality - Airbus DS – GEO
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Introduction to Pléiades Neo constellation
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Designed for a
10-YEAR NOMINAL LiFETIME
2017
Design & High Level Operations stabilized Launch Contract signed
2021
2x PLÉIADES-NEO LAUNCHED
2022
2x PLÉIADES-NEO LAUNCHED
› 30cm resolution,
6 Multi-Spectral
channels
› 2 Mio km2 global
coverage / day
› SpaceDataHighway
(EDRS) minimizing
data latency
› Reactive
Tasking & Delivery
Pléiades Neo Improved second-gen satellite
100% COMMERCIAL
ALREADY FUNDED
BY AIRBUS
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Funded by AIRBUS, building on partnerships with
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Capacity: • Daily take of 400 000 km²/sat. • Very high agility (30° depointing = 350km in 14 sec) • Revisit twice per day worldwide with depointing
General overview of Pléiades Neo
4 satellites • 2 Pléiades Neo launch 2021,
• 2 Pléiades Neo launch mi-2022
Main orbital characteristics: • sun synchronous - 620 km altitude • Ground track repetitive 26 days cycle / period 97 min • Local times 10:30 descending node
Technical characteristics: • GSD of 30 cm • Swath 14km
• Panchromatic + 6 MS
Pléiades 5
PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN
Blue Coastal BGR Red Edge Near IR
Pléiades 4
Pléiades 3 Pléiades 6
/ year
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6 Simulation - Courtesy IGN France 2014/2015
30cm GSD
Panchromatic 30cm native GSD
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Simulation - Courtesy IGN France 2014/2015
6 MS bands
Multispectral 1.2m native GSD 7
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8 Simulation - Courtesy IGN France 2014/2015
6 MS bands
Multispectral 1.2m native GSD
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Dramatic increased reactivity
Customer request ~ 3h before upload
3 plans / sat per day
Time to acquire: 4 à 12h
Customer request < 40min before upload
15 plans / sat per day (1 per orbit)
Time to acquire: 30-60 min
Pléiades (x2)
Pléiades Neo (x4)
Tasking chronology: from Pléiades to Pléiades Neo
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Pléiades Neo (x4)
Pléiades Neo image request success Tasking: fresh weather forecast (cell 5 x 5km) at every plan Receiving: new IA algorithm for automatic cloud mask
city
clouds
snow
15 plans / sat per day (1 per orbit)
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General overview of Pléiades Neo ground segment
/ year
Exploitation ground segment of AIRBUS DS Brand new architecture Based on Cloud technology With a massive image production capacity Immediate processing and access to image products With a large network of Direct Receiving Stations (and associated processing and services centers)
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Pléiades Neo key image quality characteristics and
requirements
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push broom instrument Requirement
GSD-PAN @nadir 0,3 m
GSD-Multispectral @nadir 1,2 m
Swath width 14 km
Spectral bands 1 PAN + 6 multispectral
Image Archive
Raw sensor geometry (6 sub-swathes) Raw sensor radiometry (on board detector equalization)
INTERNAL and DIRECT RECEIVING STATION (DRS) PRODUCT
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Pléiades Neo sensor and image quality features
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Pléiades Neo sensor spectral bands
~ 800 nm ~ 450 nm
Panchromatic
~ 380 nm ~ 880 nm
Blue Green Red NIR
Red Edge
Deep Blue Deep Red
Blue Blue Green Red Edge NIR Wave length
50%
25%
100%
75%
0
450-520 520-590 620-690 770-880
450-800 nm
nm
PAN
380-450 700-750
Snow
Water
Bare Soil
Vegetation
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Deep Blue An additional spectral channel for
bathymetry applications:
Deeper penetration in water bodies
Clearer understanding of waterways
Improved safety of marine navigation
Pléiades Neo Pléiades Neo spectral bands
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Pléiades Neo
Red Edge An additional spectral channel for
vegetative applications:
Crop and vegetation status through
photosynthesis characterization
Pléiades Neo spectral bands
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Spectral bands from SPOT, Pléiades to Pléiades Neo
Pléiades
SPOT 6/7
PNEO
– Panchromatic: 1 band
Full range recording of visible spectrum
– Multispectral (MS): 6 bands
Simultaneous recording of intervals of wavelength
mm (ID Band)
Panchromatic
SPOT 0.450 – 0.745 (PAN)
Pléiades 0.480 – 0.830 (PAN)
Pléiades NEO
0.450 – 0.800 (PAN)
mm (ID Band)
Deep Blue Blue Green Red Red Edge NIR
SPOT - 0.450 – 0.520 (B0)
0.530 – 0.590 (B1)
0.625 – 0.695 (B2)
- 0.760 – 0.890 (B3)
Pléiades - 0.430 – 0.550 (B0)
0.490 – 0.610 (B1)
0.600 – 0.720 (B2)
- 0.750 – 0.950 (B3)
Pléiades PNEO
0.380 – 0.450 (DB)
0.450 – 0.520 (B)
0.520 – 0.590 (G)
0.620 – 0.690 (R)
0.700 – 0.750 (RE)
0.770 – 0.880 (NIR)
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Radiometric image quality feature: Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Requirement
SNR MS @100 W.m-2.sr-1.µm-1 > 130
SNR PAN @100 W.m-2.sr-1.µm-1 >100
SNR PAN @15 W.m-2.sr-1.µm-1 > 35
Pléiades Neo imagery quality features: radiometry
Radiometric image quality feature: Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
Requirement
MTF PAN @Nyquist (dynamic effects included) > 0.06
MTF PAN on restored products > 0.15
MTF MS @Nyquist (dynamic effects included) > 0.15
Radiometric image quality feature: absolute radiometric calibration
Requirement (*)
Absolute calibration < 5% (3% achievable)
Cross-band relative absolute calibration at a same date < 5% (3% achievable)
Multi-temporal relative absolute calibration at two different dates < 1%
Multi-satellite cross-constellation absolute calibration < 5% (3% achievable)
(*) CNES calibration methodology accuracy
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Geometric image quality features Requirement
Location accuracy CE90 @nadir (w/o GCP) < 5 m
Location accuracy CE90 @nadir (with standard reference layer GCP - SRP) 3 m
Planimetric accuracy CE90 (with 3 perfect GCP) < 30 cm
Dynamic effects (line of sight stability) <0.2 PAN pixel LE99.7
PAN-MS and MS-MS registration <1 PAN pixel CE99.7
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Pléiades Neo imagery quality features: geometry
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
New worldwide location and altimetric reference layers: Space Reference Points (SRP) , WorldDEM4ORTHO (WD4O)
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
SRP+WD4O: worlwide planimetric accuracy (ortho): Pléiades Neo @5mCE90 • Products: counts for the accuracy of the ORTHO (i.e assuming the “non perfect” DEM used at rectification process)
Courtesy ESRI, 2020 – before = SRTM / after = WD4O
More details in Vh-Roda 2021 Workshop | Day 2: Wednesday 21 April 2021 Fiducial Reference Measurements & Reference Cal/ Val Sites Pléiades Neo, Cal/val sites and new global reference databases
SRP: worldwide location accuracy: Pléiades Neo @3mCE90 • Products: counts for the accuracy of the intrinsic PRIMARY/PROJECTED image geometric model (rigourous and RPC)
Ortho free of rectification artifacts
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Pléiades Neo products
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Products An improved image production chain: -> high volumetry -> high reactivity -> fully automatic
Combined products Imagery Stereo Imagery Multi-Temporal stereo Imagery Geometrically
Consistent Series Imagery Mosaic Automatic DEM
Unitary products Primary Projected Ortho
Tailored products Ortho tailored Mosaic tailored DEM tailored
Standard products Primary Projected Ortho
Commercial offer Continuity PNEO/Pléiades/SPOT
Primary or Projected level
Ortho level
Product: from Pléiades to Pléiades Neo
NEW
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Standard Product: combined processing options
1 2 3
Panchro MS
• Bundle
• Pansharpened
+ =
MS Panchro Pansharpened
• Projected
• Ortho
• Primary • Basic
• Reflectance
• Display
North
Y (p
ixel)
X (pixel)
North
X(Lon or Easting)
Y(L
at
or
Nort
hin
g)
North
X(Lon or Easting)
Y(L
at
or
Nort
hin
g)
Spectral Band Combination
• Panchromatic • Multispectral • Bundle • Pan-sharpened
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
Radiometric processing
• Basic • Reflectance • Display
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Standard Product: geometric levels
PRIMARY
Sensor geometry synthesized on a perfect push-broom array along the field of view Rigourous and RPC models
PROJECTED («ortho-ready»)
Sensor projected at an iso-altitude value on an Earth CRS (UTM, WGS84) Sensor model capability preserved with RPC model
N
E
ORTHO
Georeferenced image in Earth geometry, corrected from acquisition and relief off-nadir effects (thanks to DSM/DTM)
N
E
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
GIS: Direct overlay with maps ? NO
GIS: Direct overlay with maps ? YES superimposable only at the iso-altitude
GIS: Direct overlay with maps ? YES fully superimposable
Col
Row
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
Band registration, restoration, denoising, location reset on reference layers…
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Merge:
Spectral bands
– Pléiades NEO (PNEO)
PAN MS
– SPOT 6 /7 & Pléiades
PAN MS
0.3m
1.2m
= Pan-sharpened
(0.3m) Pan-sharpened
Panchromatic band Precision & Resolution
Multispectral bands Thematic information
Spectral Band Combination
• Panchromatic • Multispectral • Bundle • Pan-sharpened
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DIMAP V2 containing
–Imagery format : JPEG2000 or GeoTIFF
–Metadata format : DIMAP XML
–Display: KMZ file (for easy and user-
friendly display of discovery metadata)
–RPC model for easy geometric processing
–Quality mask: cloud cover, Region of
Interest…
–Lineage files: processing, source
reference data identification…
DIMAP V2 layout
Product and Image format
• DIMAP – JPEG 2000 Optimized • DIMAP – JPEG 2000 Regular • DIMAP – GeoTIFF
Volume delivery ID
• DIMAP volume file (XML), HTM INDEX file (HTM)
{PAN, MS, PMS) image product folder
01_{PNEO, PHR, SPOT}_spectrum 02_{PNEO, PHR, SPOT}_spectrum
• JPG, preview file
• KMZ, google earth preview file
• JPEG2000/GeoTIFF, imagery file(s)
• J2W/TFW, ESRI world file(s)
• XML, DIMAP metadata file
• (Primary/Projected: XML, RPC file)
• (Reflectance: XML, LUT file)
• (XML, ISO 19115 metadata file) LINEAGE
• XML, processing file
Parameters files for product browsing
LIBRARY
• XSL, stylesheet • JPG, logos
MASKS
• GML, ROI mask • GML, water mask
• GML, cloud mask • (Others masks)
HTM, INDEX browsing file
DIMAP V2 metadata, layout: basically the same for SPOT, Pléiades, Pléiades NEO (PNEO)
Product delivering
–FTP delivery: compressed zip archive file
–Hard and drives, DVD
Standard product format: DIMAP
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Product and Image format
• DIMAP – JPEG 2000 Optimized • DIMAP – JPEG 2000 Regular • DIMAP – GeoTIFF
Format: DIMAP key metadata Metadata_Identification Metadata format and language identification
Dataset_Identification
Brief text and links for a visual representation of the dataset. Information is mainly provided for dataset search and discovery purposes
Rights and constraints to access and use
Dataset_Content
Localization of the dataset and geometric extent. User should use this information for cataloging purposes and not for accurate positioning
Links to the main files encapsulated into the current dataset (component)
Product_Information Responsible party of the product: contact, order, and delivery information
Coordinate_Reference_System
Coordinate Reference System (CRS) into which the data will be related. DIMAP CRS scheme based on the industrial standard EPSG.
• Projected: map projection, horizontal plane usually Cartesian coordinates in linear unit
• Geodetic: Earth mapping based on a geographic (angular unit) or geocentric shape of the Earth
• Vertical: CRS used for gravity-related (geoid) height or depth data
• Temporal: CRS used for recording time data
Projected and geodetic are the common ones for image mapping. Conventionally, Primary image are recorded with WGS84 geodetic CRS
CRS recorded to EPSG registry if known. Subsequent parameters only given if no identifier is found in the registry (commonly known as a "user-defined" definition)
Geoposition
Easiest relationship between the dataset coordinates and the CRS coordinates:
• Georectified image (Primary and Ortho): insertion point and dimension
• Sensor image (Primary): link to RPC analytic model
Processing_Information
Information on production facility, level of processing, processing settings: geometric, radiometric, sampling, MTF
Raster_Data Raster file path(s) and tiling size organization, encoding and displaying
Radiometric_Data
Radiometric information, how to set image count (pixel values) to radiometer measurement: dynamic range, radiometric adjustment performed on data, histogram, radiometric calibration values as spectral range, radiance, reflectance, solar irradiance
Geometric_Data
Geometric information:
• Sensor image (Primary): data for rigorous sensor model (acquisition time and date, ephemeris, attitudes, and geometric calibration of the instrument). Data is consistent with the inner image geometry and self-contained for the user processing (any data in other files is required)
• Pre-computed useful geometric location data at fixed posting in the image: acquisition angles, solar incidence, ground sample distances
Quality_Assessment
Quality information. Should be:
• Planimetric accuracy (Ortho Product)
• Vertical accuracy (DEM product)
• Link to various data giving quality information: lineage masks
Dataset_Sources
Original data identification from which the current dataset was made and a link to the corresponding lineage metadata file(s)
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Get ready for the launch in a few
days
Pléiades NEO 3
27th April 2021 From Kourou on VEGA launcher
01:50 UTC (03:50 in Paris, 22:50 in Kourou)
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Appendix
Vh-Roda 2021 Workshop | Day 2: Wednesday 21 April 2021
Fiducial Reference Measurements & Reference Cal/ Val Sites
Session commercial interest and needs in Cal/Val services
– Airbus: Pléiades Neo, Cal/val sites and new global reference
databases (slides)
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Focusing & MTF PSF assessment
Image
On-ground deconvolution,
etc.
Relative calibration DSNU (dark signal), PRNU
(inter-detector
normalization…),
Spectral response non-
uniformity
SNR (Signal to
Noise Ratio), etc.
On-ground denoising, etc.
Absolute calibration Temporal,
multi-temporal,
multi-sensors….
On-ground radiance,
reflectance parameters
Edge pattern: Salon de Provence, Baïdou
Extra-atmospheric bodies: stars
Point-like sources: Las Vegas, etc.
Radiometry: calibration and performance assessments
Vicarious calibration grant to CNES:
CNES stable natural sites: deserts
ESA/CNES photometers : La Crau, Gobabeb
Extra-atmospheric bodies: Moon, stars
DSNU: night acquisition (oceans)
Spectral response non-uniformity : homogeneous sites (ice sheets, etc.)
PRNU: Yaw steering mode SNR: Steady mode, etc.
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Geometry: calibration and performance assessments
Location accuracy Satellite on-board biases
calibration, sensor model
accuracy assessment
Static focal plane
Absolute calibration, relative calibration (MS-
MS/MS-PAN registration)
Dynamic stability Micro-vibration, temporal
drift
Planimetric (X,Y) and
vertical (Z) accuracies ORTHO and DEM
accuracy assessments
Geometric assessments grant to IGN:
Ultra-accurate (GCP and DSM) reference sites, with and without relief
Speed of CMG
Stars
Airbus highly stable calibration supersite (new):
Vaughn, New-Mexico, US: 18x18km, <15cmCE90, <30cmLE90
Worldwide measurements:
Airport sites Airbus database
Massive image registration statistics on GCPs
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
• 3mCE90 GCP points, 3D consistent measurement (X,Y,Z) by SPOT6/7multi-stereo imagery
• Image chips from each SPOT stereo source centered on the GCP coordinate
– Designed for automatic and massive image matching
– location registration, geometric model enhancement of imagery, etc.
Stack of chips of SPOT images (one per input
source image) acquired at different dates, seasons, and using
different viewing angles
New worldwide location reference layer: Space Reference Points (SRP) database
AIRBUS DS and IGN partnership
World : ~80 millions GCPs
~800 millions image chips
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
New worldwide location reference layer: Space Reference Points (SRP) Key facts requirements
<3m CE90
An unmatched, homogeneous and global performance
Thanks to the SRP world scale geometric foundation
2m GSD
Unmatched resolution for a global database
~136Mkm²
full land mass, without Antarctic, Greenland and large ice
fields. Include islands
1 GCP per 2km²
Very high, global, density
Up to 10 chips per GCP
different image chips from different dates and view points: easier
matching with the corresponding destination images.
Plus one extended image chip, 20m resolution
for larger and fast matching
Chandelier, L., Coeurdevey L. and all: A WORLDWIDE 3D GCP DATABASE INHERITED FROM 20 YEARS OF MASSIVE MULTI-SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2020, 15–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-15-2020
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
North Canada and Alaska @December 2021
SRP completion@08/2021: 127 Mkm² / 136 Mkm²
New worldwide location reference layer: Space Reference Points (SRP)
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
Positionning
accuracy
SRP Absolute
Quality Check
[0-3]m 93.1%
[0-5]m 99.6%
[0-10]m 100%
CE90 2.73m
Worldwide capability to enhanced image location accuracy @3mCE90 •Products: counts for the accuracy of the intrinsic PRIMARY/PROJECTED image geometric model (rigourous and RPC)
SRP: completion and qualified accuracy (CE90) SRP requirement: 3mCE90
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
New worldwide location reference layer: Space Reference Points (SRP)
Geometric processing
• Primary • Projected • Ortho • Mosaic
Worldwide capability to enhanced image location accuracy better than 3mCE90 •Even in difficult areas like mountain ranges, deserts, inter-tropical zones
SRP requirement • 1 GCP/2km²@1/100 square degree
SRP: GCP density
SRP completion@01/2021
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Product level: enhancing geometric performance and quality
New worldwide altimetric reference layers: WorldDEM4Ortho V2 (WD4O V2)
Geometric processing
• Ortho • Mosaic
WordDEM4Ortho pole-to-pole native coverage
Worldwide capability to enhanced image planimetric accuracy better than 5mCE90@slope<20% •Products: counts for the accuracy of the ORTHO (i.e assuming the “non perfect” DEM used at rectification process)
Hybrid DTM/DSM • Reduce rectification artifact
• Preserve altimetric accuracy