Download - Plenary Minggu Ke 2
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MODULE 2SCENARIO: A MOTHER Anxiety
Mrs. Erna 28 years is very worrying to see the
development of their children, because its development doesnot comply with age. Besides his son seemed very crowdedlooked a little swollen. He visited the family doctor statingthat the child was suffering from congenital heart defects,where there is a shunt from left ventricle to right ventricle of
the heart."Oh deserve anankku looks crowded and blue," said Mrs.Erna. This is because he still remembered the high schoollesson that says that between right and left heart are limitedby a thick septum. "It's definitely not like my blood circulation
blood circulation normal children", thought Mrs. Erna.How do you explain the situation of children Mrs. Ernabased on embryology and anatomy?
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LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Students are able to explain:
1. Cardiac embryology2. Anatomy of the heart and blood
vessels
3. Cardiovascular system4. Lymph system
5. Abnormalities of the cardiovascular
system
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CARDIAC EMBRYOLOGY
Occurred in the middle third week
This growth occurred because:
embryo grows larger, so that the food
received in the diffusion of the parent is notsufficient anymore
at present, the embryo requires the blood
supply of the heart, blood vessels for growthThe development of the heart are very
complex, having to work perfectly before
growth.
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INITIAL PHASE
- The cells of mesenchyme in the mesoderm layersplanchicus multiply and form groups angiogenesik
separate from each other
- The group was originally located on the left side of the
embryo, but quickly spread to the head- The group then hollow, unite and form the fabric of small
blood vessels that shaped hoof
- front center of the fabric is known as cardiogenic
region. Coelomic cavity thereon intraembrional whicheventually evolved into the pericardium cavity
- On day 19, from embryonic mesoderm will form two
tubules endokardial
- On day 21, these tubules unite to form primitive tubulescordis
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These tubules develop into:
Sinus venous
Primitive atriumPrimitive ventricle
Cardiac bulbus
On day 22 the heart started beating
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AT WEEK FIVE:
- Tubular cardiac bend and fold- Cardiac bulbus pushed to the inferior
and anterior and the right embryo
- Primitive ventricle moves to the left
- Primitive atrium and sinus venous
switch to the superior and posterior- With this, on day 28, S-shaped
tubules cardiac
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Growth occurred in the heart of a huge 5-8
weeks
Tubular heart develops with sectional so asto form:
- 4 rooms (2 atria and 2 ventricles)
- blood vessels that exit and enter the
heart
Septum is formed by:
growth of active tissue mass and toward each
otheractive growth of a single mass that continues
to expand
Error growth in the current cause congenital
heart abnormalities
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Interatrial septum
Dividing the top left and right atriumConsisting of: Primum septum and septum sekundum whichoverlap each otherBoth parts are related to the mass of tissue called bearingendokardium
- Holes between the sheets and pads under the septum Primumendokardium called ostium Primum- In subsequent developments, the development will close theostium endokardium pillow Primum
- Hole in the septum secundum is called the foramen ovale- Part of the septum Primum gradually disappear, the remainingpart into the foramen ovale valve- Blood flow through this gap from the right atrium to the left andpushing the septum to the left Primum
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After birth (the lungs begin to function)
Blood from the left atrial septum Primum
encourage and sekundum and close the
interatrial septumWhat remains of the basin at the inter atrial
septum is called: Fossa ovalis
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Interventricular septum: By the end of the fourth
week, both simple ventricle began to widen
Septation atrioventrikularis: Valve
atrioventrikulare, muskulus papillary, andchordae tendine derived from ventricular floor
Formation of the valves atrioventrikuler
Septation in the trunk arteriosus and cardiaccone
Development of valve semilunaris
Septation in the trunk arteriosus and cardiac
cone
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ANATOMY OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
HEART
The form of a hollow tool
Form: Pyramid
Large: for boxingWeight: 280-340 g (male)
230-280 g (female)
Basic: called basePeak: called Apex
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Heart comprised:Atrium dextraThe left atriumVentricular dextra
The left ventricleParts of the heart
Basis cordisApex cordis
Surfaces (facies)Edge (margo)Grooves (sulcus)
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LAYER HEART
pericardium: heart wrapping layer, there are
two kinds of1) visceral pericardium: heart wrapperattached to the heart tissue
2) parietal pericardium: heart wrapperwhich is adjacent to outer parietalpericardium pericardial cavum: visceralis cavity betweenthe pericardium and parietal pericardium heart wall consists of three layers:
1. Epikardium: lapissan heart outermost2. Myocardium: heart of the middle layer,composed of cardiac muscle
3. Endokardium: inner layer, lining theheart cavity
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Heart valve comprised of 4 four:
tricuspid valve, mitral or bicuspid valve,
pulmonary valve, aortic valve
Cardiac autonomic nervous system aresupplied by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
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HISTOLOGY OF HEART
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epikardium.
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HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSEL
Great ArterialMedium Arterial
Small Arterial
Arterioles
Capillary
Large Vein
Medium Vein
Small Vein Venules
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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The major components of the lymphaticsystem are lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph
nodes, and some other lymphatic organs.
Lymphatic vessels carry lymph, a colorless
liquid, throughout the body. Along lymph
vessels are small bean-shaped glandular
nodules called lymph nodes
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Other lymphatic organs are: Tonsil: clusters of lymphatic tissues just under
the mucous membranes that line the nose,mouth, and pharynx.
Spleen: it is similar to a lymph node in shapeand structure but it is much larger.
Thymus: a soft organ with two lobes that islocated anterior to the ascending aortaandposterior to the sternum.
Peyer patch: lymphoid tissue on the visceralsurface of the small intestine.
http://training.seer.cancer.gov/glossary.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/glossary.html -
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Transport lymphocytes
Bring the fat emulsion from the
intestine Restore fluids and proteins from
tissues into the blood circulation
Filter and destroy microorganisms Produce antibody substances
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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Large Circulatory System
Large blood circulation is thecirculation of blood from the heart to all
parts of the body.
The Scheme:
heart (Ventriculus Sinistra) the whole
body heart (Atrium Dextra)
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Small circulatory system
Small blood circulation is the
circulation of blood from the heart to
the lungs and
back again to the heart.
The scheme:
heart (ventriculus dextra) lungs
Heart (ventriculus sinistra)
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ABNORMALITY OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
CORONARY HEART
- MYOCARDIAL
- ARRHYTHMIA
- ANGINA PECTORIS
CEREBROVASCULAR
- STROKE
- TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK PERIPHELAR VASCULAR