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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
(THE LAST CHAPTER!!)
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• MONOCOTS VS DICOTS
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• ORGAN SYSTEMS– ROOT SYSTEM• FUNCTION??
– SHOOT SYSTEM• MADE UP OF STEMS AND LEAVES• FUNCTIONS??
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• ROOTS– FUNCTIONS??– TYPES??• TAPROOT VS FIBROUS
– ROOT HAIRS• FUNCTION??
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• STEMS– FUNCTION??– NODES VS INTERNODES?
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• LEAVES
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• MAJOR TYPES OF PLANT CELLS– PARENCHYMA CELLS– COLLENCHYMA CELLS– SCLERENCHYMA CELLS– TRACHEIDS AND VESSELS*– SIEVE-TUBE CELLS ANDCOMPANION CELLS*
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• MAJOR TYPES OF TISSUES– THREE TYPES• DERMAL• GROUND• VASCULAR
– XYLEM VS PHLOEM
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• PLANT GROWTH– PRIMARY VS SECONDARY• PRIMARY GROWTH IS VERTICAL• SECONDARY GROWTH IS HORIZONTAL
– SECONDARY GROWTH IN WOODY DICOTS IS UNIQUE
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• SECONDARY GROWTH IN WOODY DICOTS– UNIQUE STRUCTURES– VASCULAR CAMBIUM– CORK CAMBIUM– CORK– PRIMARY VS SECONDARYXYLEM**
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• REPRODUCTION
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION• POLLINATION
– TWO TYPES• WIND VS ANIMAL
• MAJOR STRUCTURES TO REMEMBER– OVULE develops into the seed
– COTYLEDON “SEED LEAF”; may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling
– RADICLE is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil
– HYPOCOTYL primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the stem
– EPICOTYL embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. In most plants the epicotyl will eventually develop into the leaves of the plant
– SEED COAT
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• OVARY DEVELOPS INTO A FRUIT
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• GERMINATION**
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION VS VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONHORMONES!!!!
Where Found in Plant Major Functions
AuxinEmbryo of seed, young leaves, meristems of apical buds
Stimulates cell elongation; involved in phototropism, gravitropism, apical domincance, and vascular differentiation; inhibits abscission prior to formation of abscission layer; stimulates ethylene synthesis; stimualtes fruit development; induces adventitious roots on cuttings
CytokininSynthesized in roots and transported to other organs
Stimulates cell division, reverse apical dominance, involved in shoot growth, delay leaf sequence
EthyleneTissues of ripening fruits, nodes of stems, senescent leaves and flowers
Stimulates fruit ripening, leaf and flower senescence, and abscission
Abscisic Acid
Leaves, stems, green fruit Stimulates stomatal closure
GibberellinMeristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves, embryo
Stimulates shoot elongation, stimulates bolting and flowering in biennials, regulates production of hydrolytic enzymes in grains
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• TROPISM VS PERIODISM– PHOTOTROPISM• GROWING TOWARDS LIGHT (SLIGHTLY MISLEADING)
– PHOTOPERIODISM• LONG-DAY VS SHORT DAY• ACTUALLY EFFECT
BY HOURS OFDARKNESS