Download - Planning
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THE PLANNING PROCESSTHE PLANNING PROCESS
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Strategic Strategic PlanningPlanning SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis
Internal
FactorsExternalFactors
Strengths (S) Weaknesses (W)
Opportunities (O)
SO Strategy (Maxi-Maxi):
Use strengths to maximize opportunities
WO Strategy (Mini-Maxi):
Minimize weaknesses using opportunities
Threats (T)
ST Strategy (Maxi-Min):
Use strengths to minimize threats
WT Strategy (Mini-Mini):
Try to minimize weaknesses and threats through restructuring,, creating joint ventures, etc.
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COMPANY STRATEGIESCOMPANY STRATEGIES
Strategy of unique product
Strategy of diversification
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PRODUCT STRATEGIESPRODUCT STRATEGIES Porter Strategies Porter Strategies
Strategy Type Definition Examples
Differentiation
Overall cost leadership
Focus
Distinguish products or services
Reduce manufacturing and other costs
Concentrate on specific regional market, product market or group of buyers
Rolex (watches)Mercedes-Benz (automobiles)Nikon (cameras)Cross (writing instruments)Hewlett - Packard (calculators)
TimexHyundaiKodakBICTexas Instruments
LonginesFiat, Alfa RomeoPolaroidWaterman PensFisher Price
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PRODUCT STRATEGIESPRODUCT STRATEGIES Miles and Snow Strategies Miles and Snow Strategies
Strategy Type Definition Examples
Prospector
Defender
Analyzer
Reactor
Innovative and growth oriented, searches for new markets and new growth opportunities, encourages risk taking
Protects current markets, maintains stable growth, serves current customers Maintain current markets and current customer satisfaction with moderate emphasis on innovation
No clear strategy, reacts to changes in the environment
3M
BIC
IBM
International HarvesterW.T. Grant
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TACTICTACTICAL AL PLANPLANNNIINGNG
STEP 1 – Establish tactical goals: to be established at each departmental level, starting from the strategic goals, to realize strategic plans
STEP 2 – Developing tactical plans: establish future actions, timing and necessary resources
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OPERATIONAL PLANNINGOPERATIONAL PLANNING
STEP 1 – Establish operational goals: to be established at each operational level from the department, starting from the tactical goals, to realize tactical plans
STEP 2 – Developing operational plans: establish future actions, timing and necessary resources
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TYPES OF OPERATIONAL PLANSTYPES OF OPERATIONAL PLANS
Plan Description
Single-use plans
- Program
- Project
Standing plans
- Policy
- Standard operating procedure
- Rules and regulations
Developed to carry out a course of action not likely to be carried out in the future
Single-use plan for a large set of activities
Single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program
Developed for activities that recur regularly over a period of time
Standing plan specifying the organization’s general response to a designated problem or situation
Standing plan outlining steps to be followed in particular circumstances
Standing plans describing exactly how specific activities are to be carried out
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BUSINESS PLANBUSINESS PLAN
Executive Summary
1. Business description: a brief description of the product or service proposed to be realized and the perspectives for the next 5-10 years
2. Strategic planning: present the concrete activities to reach the long term objectives, taking into account the stage of your product
3. The market: a brief description of the targeted market segments and of the penetration channels and, also, present the utility product for the final consumer
4. Conducerea companiei: present the company management system and the responsibilities of each manager 5. Financial aspects: show estimated sales and profits for the next 5 years, the involved costs and how much represent your contribution
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Business planBusiness plan – – The contentThe content
A. The Purpose of CompanyB. The Objectives C. The Market AnalysisD. The production processE. The marketing strategiesF. The financial planningG. The company organization and ManagementH. The ownership form of businessI. The critical risks and problemsJ. Summary and Conclusions
Appendices