PIA 3090
Comparative Public Administration
Presentations
1. Golden Oldies
2. Literary Map
3. Grand Synthesis
The Issues
Recruitment, Education
and Training
Focus: Entry into Public Sector
Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected?
Every Man a King
Three Models of Recruitment
1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage
2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control
3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability
4. Crisis Recruitment: War or Panic (U.K.)
Mini-Discussion
What is the best way to recruit?
Political
Merit
Representation
Recruitment Problems
a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment
b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process
c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions
Recruitment in Guyana (South America)
Human Resource Development
1. The Key to Merit
2. Issue: the difference between Education and Training
3. Professional vs. Management
The Difference
Training Education
Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- Importance of "Professional Class”
Role of Professional Schools in producing that class.
U.S model of open System
Closed vs. Open Systems: Age Equals Access to Jobs
The U.S. System
Early, middle or late entry
Deep political control and
The possibility of "in and out"
TEN MINUTE BREAK
European Systems- Inherited by Much of World
1. Historically closed
2. Class based and
3. Limited to early entry
Arthur Boyd(1920 - 1999)’S Painting: The Half Caste Child
Differences in Closed Classes
Differences in Closed Classes-
administrative professional Executive Technical Clerical Industrial
Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844.
Armstrong's Classification
Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision)
Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model
Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Soviet reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)
Cézanne, “Still life with skull”
Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections
The European choice and the elites - a la' mode
Française
The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates U.S. - Race and Gender
Europe- Culture and Religion
South Africa: Ethnicity
Asia: Language
Recruitment: A Scandinavian Perspective
Territorial Administration
Issue: use of Prefects for control: Geographic Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg. Governors in Putin’s Russia
Integrated vs. Un-integrated
Territorial vs. Function
The French Prefet
Top Administrators
a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist
b. Russia- Engineers
c. France- Legal/Technical
d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist
e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse
A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice
Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid
a. Concept of training
b. Public Administration- skills
c. analogy- business administration and engineering as models
Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.
Deep political penetration- note surprise in South Africa
Open system- Concept of representative bureaucracy
Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.
Question/Discussion
What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries?
The Comarison
Comprehensive Question of the Day
Armstrong's argument that education and training are critical variables in understanding "development" strategies in Western Europe and Soviet Union. Discuss. Apply them to at least one other region of the world.
The Only Game in Town
A Second Question
It has been said that in terms of public sector reform, education and recruitment issues are the "only game in town." Defend or critique. How does recruitment relate to representation vs. merit issues?