Motion A change in position in a certain amount of
time
Motion is relative. To know you are moving, you must have a reference point
Distance – how far you traveled
Distance vs. Displacement The distance between the final position and
starting position is displacement (Ex: hiking on a trail. The trail may be 1 mile
long but you may only end up 300 ft from where you started)
Speed Equation Speed – the distance traveled divided by the
time needed to travel that distance SI Unit is meters per second (m/s) Speed = distance
time
D
S T
Practice (Make sure you use the proper units)
If it takes you 3 hours to travel 60 miles, what is your speed??
If you are running 3 miles in 30 minutes, what is your speed?
Constant speed vs. Average speed Constant speed – an object covers equal
distances in equal amounts of time
The speed of moving objects is not always constant
Average speed: total distance
total time
Velocity Velocity: Speed in a given direction
You can be going the same speed but two different velocities
Velocity = distance + direction
time
D
TV
Acceleration The change in velocity divided by the time
the change occurs
A = Velocity(final) – Velocity(initial)
Time
Acceleration is speeding up, slowing down or changing direction
Warm Up 4/8 Tell me something about Force and Motion
that begins with each letter
R N
S E
T 2 more consonants
L 1 more vowel
Force What causes an object to accelerate?
A force is a push or pull exerted on an object
Force is measured in Newtons (kg m/s2)
In order for an object to speed up, slow down or change direction, a force has to act on that object
Inertia is the object’s tendency to resist changing its motion. The more inertia, the harder it is to start moving or slow it down
Total Force Sometimes, more than one force can act on an object
at the same time. Those forces together will affect the object’s motion.
Forces usually act in pairs with one force acting on either side of the object
The resulting force that exists between two is the total force
Unbalanced Forces
When a total force acts on an object, they are said to be unbalanced.
Unbalanced forces can cause an object to start moving, stop moving, or change direction.
Balanced Forces Balanced forces exist when the total force is
equal to zero.
Balanced forces do not change an object’s motion
Friction and Air Resistance Friction is the force between two objects
in contact that resists motion between two touching surfaces
It is what eventually causes things to slow down and stop
Air Resistance is a form of friction between an object and air molecules
Gravity Gravity is the pull that all matter exerts on other
matter Gravity is dependent on the mass of an object and
the distance between the two objects The greater the mass, the more gravitational pull it will
have (i.e.: earth vs. moon) The greater the distance, the less gravitational pull it will
have Mass vs Weight – weight is the amount of
gravitational pull on a person. So on the moon, your mass would be the same but weight would be different
Free Fall and Terminal Velocity When the only force acting on an object is
gravity, the object is said to be in free fall On earth, this is 9.8 m/s2 - Gravity constant In the absence of air resistance, all objects on
Earth accelerate at the same rate, regardless of their mass.
An object reaches its terminal velocity when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance
Newton’s First Law of Motion “An object at rest will remain at rest and an
object in motion will maintain its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force.”
This is often times called the law of Inertia
Newton’s Second Law of Motion “The unbalanced force acting on an object
equals the object’s mass times its acceleration”
F=ma Force is measured in Newtons (kg m/s2)
How much time does it take for a snail to crawl 20 feet if he goes 2 feet/hr
Make sure you have turned in your speed problems worksheet!!!
Get a calculator and begin calculate your speeds for the 4 activities
Remember: Speed = Distance/Time Round everything to the nearest hundreths
(ex. 5.45s) Make sure and list your units in your answers
What is the formula for finding speed?
What is the formula for finding distance?
What is the formula for finding time?
Remember 2nd Law: F=MA
Warm Up 11/4Write Q&A Write an example of something that goes
along with each of Newton’s Laws Ex
1st - A car will sit at a stoplight until you press the gas
2nd - It is harder to carry a box of rocks than a box of popcorn
3rd - When birds fly, they push their wings down in order to go up
Warm Up 11/3 Make a KWL Chart (3 things in each) Tell me what you KNOW about motion What you WANT to know about motion Leave the L blank for now
K LW