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Phylum Annelida
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Phylum Annelida• Ancestral Traits
– Coelomate
– Lophotrochozoan
– Protostome
– Closed circulatory system
– Cephalization
• Derived Traits– Segmentation
• Metamerism
• Septa
– Setae• Bristles
– Myelinated neurons
~ 40K species of annelids
Spirobranchus giganteusChristmas tree worm
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Annelid Taxomony
• Class Polychaeta (many bristles)– most numerous # species– marine
Hermodice Hermodice crunculatacrunculata
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Annelid Taxomony
• Class Polychaeta
• Class Oligochaeta (few bristles)– Freshwater, marine & terrestrial
Lumbricus terrestris
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Annelid Taxomony• Class Polychaeta
• Class Oligochaeta
• Class Hirudinea– Fixed # segments (34)– Setae absent
Hirudo medicinalis
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Annelid Phylogeny
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Annelid Body Plan
Setae
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Class Polychaeta
• Highly specialized head regions– Antennae– Sensory palps– Feeding appendages
• Paired extensions of body(parapodia)
• Often tube-dwelling
– Burrow into substrate and secrete mucus/CO3 materials
Bispira bunneasabellid worm
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Polychaete Anatomy
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Polychaete Anatomy (cross section)
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Polychaeta
Amphitrite
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Polychaeta
Lugworm (Arenicola sp)
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Polychaeta
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Polychaeta
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Clade Siboglinidae (Phylum Pogonophora)
Ridgea sp Riftia pachyptila
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Giant tube worms (Vestimentifera)
Riftia pachyptila
trophosome
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Polychaete Reproduction
• Dioecious
• Trochophore larvae
• Some species develop specialized segments containing gametes– Epitokes– Segments are released and
gametes burst out
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Polychaete Asexual Reproduction
• Epitokes are essentially buds
• Clues to ancestral origin of segmentation– Segmentation may have
been derived from incomplete budding processes
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Class Oligochaeta
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Oligochaete Anatomy
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Oligochaete Anatomy
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Seta: a.k.a. Bristles
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Oligochaete Excretory System
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Oligochaete Nervous System
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Oligochaete Nerve Cord
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Oligochaete Reproduction
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Oligochaete Development
• For terrestrial oligochaetes, development is direct without any larval forms
• Some aquatic oligochaetes retain a trochophore-like larval stage
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Common Terrestrial Oligocheates: Earthworms
• Octagonal-tail wormOctagonal-tail worm (Dendrobaena octaedra)• Red marsh wormRed marsh worm (Lumbricus rubellus)• Dew-worm or nightcrawlerDew-worm or nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris) • Pink soil wormPink soil worm (Aporrectodea rosea)• Canadian wormCanadian worm (Aporrectodea tuberculata)• Pasture wormPasture worm (Aporrectodea turgida) • Woodland white wormWoodland white worm (Octolasion tyrtaeum)• Redworm (Eisenia fetida )
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Quick and Easy Earthworm Morphology Guide
Aporrectodea turgida Lumbricus rubellus
Morphology
Number & location of GTs and TPs, location & shape of clitellum
Ecology
Location of burrows
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Aquatic Oligocheates
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Class Hirudinea
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Hirudo medicinalis
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Phylum Sipuncula• ~250 species
• Trochophore larvae
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Sipunculan Internal Structures
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Phylum Echiura • ~140 species
• Closed circulatory system
• Trochophore larvae
Echiurus sp
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Phylum Echiura
Bonellia viridis
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Echiuran Anatomy
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Oddities
• Sex determination & dimorphism in echiurans