Download - Photography - Image Editor
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
1/90
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
2/90
Modul
PHOTOGRAPHY
Combining Digital Photography
into Multimedia Presentation
Image Editor - Photoshop
By : M. Taufik, ST.
AMIR HAMZAH VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
2012
PREFACE
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
3/90
Module entitled "Photography - Combine Digital Photography into Multimedia Presentation" is
a teaching material that is used as a guide practicum training participants Vocational School
(SMK) to form one part of the competency areas of expertise in Information and
Communications Technology Multimedia Skills Program.
This module describes the steps that necessary to perform Digital Photography Technique
starting from the Photography Introduction, using Digital Camera, combining Digital Image
and Creating Digital Image art.
This module is linked with other modules that discuss the Combining Audio into a Multimedia
Presentation. Therefore, before using this module participants have taken the required training
module.
Indrapura, Juni 2012
Author,
M. Taufik, ST.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
4/90
MAP OF MODULE
PASS FROM
VOCATION
HIGH
SCHOOL
JUNIOR
HIGHSCHOOL
&
EQUAL
TO IT
A
C
AD
E
F
B
G I
H
J
K
L
M
N
Q
O
R
S
T
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
5/90
DESCRIPTION :
A Preparing Proposals
B Understanding the Production Process Flow OF Multimedia Products
C Assembling Personal Computer
D Understanding Etymology of Multimedia
E Create and Manage Web Pages
F Applying the Techniques of Production Shooting
G Caring for Multimedia Equipments
H Perform Basic Operating System Installation
I Create Key Animation
J Stop-Motion
K Mastering How to Draw a Clean-Up and Insert
LApplying the Principles of Graphic Arts in Visual Communication Designfor Multimedia
M Combining Text in Multimedia Presentation
N Combining 2D Images into a Multimedia Presentation
O Combine Digital Photography into a Multimedia Presentation
P Health and Safety, and Environmental in Working
Q Combining Audio into a Multimedia Presentation
R Creating a Storyboard Multimedia Applications
S Explains the Basic Lighting
T Applying Special Effects to the Object of Productive
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
6/90
GLOSSARY
instant camera- a camera producing finished pictures, directly from the camera within a short
time of taking.
lens- One or more glass elements used to focus an image onto the focal plane.
lomography- movement that promotes (and exploits) the use of Lomo cameras (predominantlythe LC-a) and a "shoot from the hip" attitude.
medium format- A film format larger than35mmbut smaller than large format (typically120film) wound onto spools.
metering- measuring the amount of light for an exposure.
monopod- A one-legged camera support.
parallax- An effect in photography where the image seen in the viewfinder is not the same asthe image seen through the lens, due to the viewfinder being slightly apart from the lens.
point-and-shoot- Camera designed to eliminate the user's need to make focus and exposuresettings.
red eye- an unwanted effect achievable with a flash near the lens, common withcompact
cameras, where eyes appear to have red dots. This comes from the flash reflecting back from theeye's retina.
RGB- Red/Green/Blue - a method of representing colours in a digital image.
shutter- The mechanism that opens and closes to make an exposure.
tripod- camera support with 3 legs.
viewfinder- The part of a camera you look through when composing your shot.
wide-angle lens- a lens whose focal length is less than the "normal" length for the film format.
zoom lens- a lens that adjusts to cover a range of focal lengths.
http://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Instant_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Instant_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lenshttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lenshttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lomographyhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lomographyhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Medium_formathttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Medium_formathttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/35mmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/35mmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/35mmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Meterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Meterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripod#Monopodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripod#Monopodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Parallaxhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Parallaxhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Point-and-shoothttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Point-and-shoothttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Red_eyehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Red_eyehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/RGBhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/RGBhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Shutterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Shutterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Viewfinderhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Viewfinderhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Wide-anglehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Wide-anglehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Zoomhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Zoomhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Zoomhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lens#Wide-anglehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Viewfinderhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Shutterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/RGBhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Compact_camerahttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Red_eyehttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Point-and-shoothttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Parallaxhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Tripod#Monopodhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Meterhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/120_filmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/35mmhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Medium_formathttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lomographyhttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Lenshttp://camerapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Instant_camera -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
7/90
TABLE OF CONTENT
FRONT COVER
INSIDE COVER
PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... i
MAP OF MODULE .................................................................................................................... ii
GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. iv
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................. v
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 7
A. DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................ 7B. PREREQUISTEST ........................................................................................................... 7C. INSTRUCTION FOR USE MODULE
a. For Student .............................................................................................................. 7b. For Teacher .............................................................................................................. 8
D. FINAL DESTINATION ................................................................................................. 8E. STANDARD of COMPETENCE .................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 2. LEARNING ...................................................................................................... 11
A. STUDENT LEARNING PLANB. LEARNING ACTIVITY ................................................................................................. 12
1. Learning activity : Using Digital Camera .............................................................. 12a. The purpose of Learning
b. Description of Learning Activity ...................................................................... 12Image Editor Software
1. Choosing Digital Image Editor Application ........................................... 122. Insert Digital Image into Image Editor Application .............................. 403. Photo Editing & Post-Processing .............................................................. 444. Image Correction ........................................................................................ 555. Saving Image ............................................................................................... 70
c. Summary ............................................................................................................... 88d. Task ........................................................................................................................ 88e. Formative test ...................................................................................................... 88f.
Answer ................................................................................................................... 88
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
8/90
CHAPTER 3. EVALUATION ................................................................................................ 90
A. TASK ................................................................................................................................ 90B. EVALUATION CRITERIA ............................................................................................ 91
CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 92
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 93
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
9/90
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. DESCRIPTION TITLEModule entitled "Photography - Combine Digital Photography into Multimedia Presentation" is
a teaching material that is used as a guide practicum training participants Vocational School
(SMK) to form one part of the competency areas of expertise in Information and
Communications Technology Multimedia Skills Program.
This module describes the steps that necessary to perform Digital Photography Technique
starting from the Photography Introduction, using Digital Camera, combining Digital Image
and Creating Digital Image art.
This module is linked with other modules that discuss the Combining Audio into a Multimedia
Presentation. Therefore, before using this module participants have taken the required training
module.
B. PREREQUISITE
Before continue this module participants have taken the required training module. To continue
the next module, participant have to pass this module.
C. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF MODULE
1. Instructions for Participant Training
Training participants are expected to play an active role and interact with learning resources
that can be used, because it must consider the following matters:
a.Learning steps to be taken
1. Prepare tools and materials!2. Please read carefully the description of the material in each learning activity!3. Watch for job steps in any learning activities before working, if not clearly ask the
instructor!
4. Return all equipment used practice!
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
10/90
b.Equipment must be Prepared
To support the safety and smoothness of task/ work to be done, then prepare all equipment
needed, learn this first module and books that support.
c.Training Results
Training participants are able to Using Camera operation task to perform in accordance
with the manufacture of Using Camera procedures.
2. Role of Teachers
Teachers who will teach this module should prepare the best possible strategy of including
aspects of learning, mastery of the material, selection of methods, tools and media learningtools.
Teachers must prepare a draft learning strategy that is able to realize the training participants
were actively involved in the process of achievement/ mastery of competencies that have been
programmed. Preparation of draft learning strategy refers to the performance criteria (KUK)
in each sub-competencies that exist in GBPP.
D. Final DestinationTraining participants able to perform using camera and image editing process according to the
procedures.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
11/90
9
BASIC
COMPETENCEINDICATOR
LEARNING
MATERIALLEARNING ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT
TIME ALLOCATION MATERIALSOURCETM PS PI
1. Using DigitalCamera
Digital CameraOperatedCorrectly
Viewing inputand output by
Tools andFirmwareFeatures
Viewing editingsoftware andfeatures correctly
Digital image issaved andviewed byavailable imageformat
UsingDigitalCamera
Understanding ManualInstruction of Digital Camera
Observe Turn On Cameraprocess according procedure
Perceiving Turn on processIdentify buttons on cameraUnderstanding button functionUnderstanding camera menus
and featuresUnderstanding focus and
lighting effectsConfigure Exposures,
resolution, lighting, brightnessand contrast to produce image
Shooting image correctlyConvert digital image into any
available formatCopying image that saved in
digital camera to any othermedia storage and format.
Written Test Verbal Test Practical Test Product Observation
2 4(8) - Digital Camera Manual
Instruction Camera
Handbook Additional book Computer Internet
2. Combine digitalimage intomultimediapresentation
Creating digitalimage usingimage editorsoftware
Edit digital imageand save imageusing imageeditor software
Digital image isCombined intomultimediapresentation
DigitalImage and2D GraphicArt
Choosing multimedia imageeditor software
Operating image editorsoftware
Inserting digital imagePerform image editing processCorrecting and configuring
digital imageCombining digital image into
multimedia presentationEvaluate editing result as
presentation display
Written Test Verbal Test Practical Test Product Observation
Digital Camera Manual
Instruction Camera
Handbook Additional book Computer Internet
E. STANDARD of COMPETENCE
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
12/90
10
Edited imageevaluated andinterpreted asfinal result andviewed asmultimediapresentation
Saving digital image into anyavailable format
3. Create DigitalImage and 2DGraphic Art
Creating DigitalArt andmodifying image.
DigitalImage and2D GraphicArt
Operating digital image editorsoftware
Load Digital ImageArrange digital image, adjust
correction to be printed asrelevan procedure
Saving digital image into anyavailable format
Written Test Verbal Test Practical Test Product Observation
Digital Camera Manual
Instruction Camera
Handbook Additional book Computer Internet
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
13/90
11
CHAPTER 2 : LEARNING
A. Student Learning Plan
No Type of Activity Date Place Time ChangeInstructors
initials
1 Using Digital Camera Class
2Combine digital image into
multimedia presentation
Lab
3Create Digital Image and 2D
Graphic ArtLab
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
14/90
12
B. Learning Activity
1.
Choosing Digital Image Editor Application
The are many image editor softwares that use to edit image, such as Adobe Photoshop, GIMP,
Ulead Photo Impact, etc. Adobe Photoshop is the one of professional image editor software to
edit and manipulate image (image-editing).
a. Adobe Photoshop : Introduction
Choosing Adobe Photoshop as image editor in this modul because this application have
been used by many professional photographers to enhance image that captured by digital
camera. This application also easy to use and have many feature to edit and manipulate
images. Adobe Photoshop is a very powerful and versatile image editing/graphics creation
application that is the industry standard in its category. Though Photoshops interface is
intuitive enough for an absolute beginner to learn basic image editing tasks such as
cropping and resizing, to be able to fully master and utilize all of its tools takes a
considerable amount of time.
b. The Photoshop WorkspacePhotoshops out of the box workspace consists of the following components:
Menu Bar You will probably already be familiar with the menu bar from otherprograms. This runs across the top of your Photoshop window, and contains various
menu options for Photoshops tools.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
15/90
13
Options Bar The options bar sits beneath the menu bar and holds contextualizedoptions for different tools. It also contains the workspace menu, where you can save and
load arrangements of palettes.
Toolbox By default, the toolbox sits to the left of your Photoshop window, andcontains shortcuts to Photoshop tools.
Palettes Individual panes that hold information or options for working with yourfile, known as palettes (or panels), float on the right-hand side. Each palette is labeled
with a tab, and can be minimized, closed, grouped with other palettes, or dragged in and
out of a panel dock. In the example that follows, the Navigator palette contains a
thumbnail of the image that allows you to zoom in or out of the image quickly, and to
change the part of the image displayed on the screen.
Document Windows Each open document has its own document window with astatus bar along the bottom. The status bar sits to the right of the zoom percentage
displayed in the bottom left-hand corner, and displays information thats specific to the
document.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
16/90
14
c. Working in PhotoshopNow that youve been introduced to the Photoshop workspace and have a basic idea of
where everything is, lets getting started.
Creating New Documents
You can create a new document by selecting File > New from the menu bar, or pressing
the keyboard shortcut Ctrl-N on a PC or Command-N on a Mac. The New dialog boxwill appear,where you can specify the document size and other settings.
Opening FilesOpen files by selecting File > Open from the menu bar, or pressing Ctrl-O (Command-O
on a Mac). You can select and open multiple files by holding down Ctrl (Command on a
Mac) and clicking on all the files you require in the file dialog box.
Saving Files
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
17/90
15
Save a file by selecting File > Save, or pressing Ctrl-S. For a newly-created document, this
will save your work in Photoshop Document (PSD) format. If you would prefer to save a
copy of the document, you can use File > Save As or pressing Ctrl-Shift-S instead.
Snappy Presets
If youre designing for a web site with a minimum screen size of 800600 pixels, Id
recommend you start with a 750550 pixel document. The smaller dimensions give
you a better estimate of your actual screen area after you take into account scroll bars
and menu bars. Also, be sure to set the resolution at 72dpi to reflect the actual screen
resolution. If you want easy access to these dimensions for other new documents, its
probably a good idea to click Save Preset and give the settings a name like Web Page.
The next time you create a new document, you will be able to load your Web Page
settings from the Preset list.
Saving Files for the Web
Photoshop files themselves cant be embedded into a web page. You will need to export
your file and save it in a web-friendly format. There are three formats for web graphics:
GIFs, JPEGs, and PNGs.
GIF
The GIF format (pronounced jiff or giff depending on which side of the tracks you
grew up) can have a maximum of 256 colors. GIF files support transparency and
animation, and work best with graphics that have large areas of the same color, as
shown in the logo below.
JPEG
The JPEG format (pronounced jay-peg), works best with photographic images or
images that have more than 256 colors and gradients, such as the flower on the opposite
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
18/90
16
page. Images saved in JPEG format are compressed, which means that image
information will actually be lost, causing the image to degrade in quality.
PNG
The PNG format (pronounced ping) is similar to the GIF format in that it supports
transparency and works best with solid-color images like the logo shown to the right,
but its superior to the GIF format as it has the ability to support true levels of
transparency for colored areas. Transparent PNGs are currently not in widespread useon the Web because older versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer do not support them;
however, theyre often used in Macromedia Flash movies. PNGs can produce a better
quality image at a smaller file size than can GIFs. Photoshop allows you to save an
image as a PNG-8 file (which works the same way as a GIF would with 256 colors) or a
PNG-24 file (which allows for millions of colors as well as variable transparency).
GIF/PNG-8
Colors Adjusting this setting reduces the number of colors used in the image. Thiswill usually make the biggest difference in the final image.
Dither Amount and Type (No Dither, Diffusion, Pattern, Noise) This setting hasnothing to do with being nervous or agitated (although its quite possible that you
may have been a few moments
ago!). Dither refers to acompression technique in which
the pattern of dots is varied to
give the illusion of a color
gradient. Changing the dither will
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
19/90
17
result in a more noticeable degradation for images that involve a large number of
colors blended together.
TransparencyIf you want transparent areas in your graphic, check this box. Welllook more closely at transparency in Chapter 2.
Matte Color For transparent images, the matte color is used to help blend the edgesof your image into the background of the web page. For non-transparent images, the
matte color defines the background color of the image. Using matte color with
transparent images is covered in more detail in Chapter 2.
JPEG
Quality Changing the value in the Quality drop-down box alters the level of
compression for the image. Reducing the quality may result in blurring or pixelation,
but too high a setting will produce a large file that will take users too long to download.
A good approach is to decrease the quality value gradually until you notice the
degradation of your image becoming unacceptable. A reasonable compromise will be
somewhere around this point.
d. Photoshop Layers
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
20/90
18
Layers are a powerful feature of Photoshop that allow you to work on one part of an
image without disturbing the rest of it. While the concept of layers may seem
intimidating at first, once you get the hang of using layers youll wonder how you ever
survived without them! The examples on the next page show how the layers in thePhotoshop document to the right stack together.
The transparent parts of any layer, shown by the checkered grid, allow the layers
beneath that layer to show through.
You can show and hide each layer in an image by clicking on its corresponding eye icon
in the Layers palette, as shown at the bottom of the following page.
To organize your layers, you can arrange them into layer groups by going to Layer >
New > Group
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
21/90
19
Change the transparency of a layer by changing its opacity with the Opacity slider, ortyping a value into the Opacity box (which is visible when you have the Selection,
Move, or Crop tools selected).
Duplicate a selected layer by pressing Ctrl-J (Command-J on a Mac). You can alsoduplicate a layer by dragging it while pressing the Alt (Option) key.
Select multiple layers by holding down Ctrl (Command on a Mac) and clicking thelayer names. This forms a temporary link between the selected layers that allows youto move them as one unit, delete them all, and so on.
You can also link layers together. Select layers by clicking on them while holdingdown Shift or Ctrl (Command on a Mac). Once you have selected all the layers you
wish to link, click the Link Layers button at the bottom-left of the Layers palette
(signified by the chain). Linking layers allows the link relationship to remain even
after you select a different layer (unlike the process of simply selecting multiple
layers).
To unlink all the layers, select one of the linked layers and go to Layer > UnlinkLayers. To unlink a single layer, select the layer you wish to remove from the link and
click its corresponding link icon; the other layers will stay linked. To temporarily
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
22/90
20
unlink a layer, hold down Shift and click on its link icon (a red X will appear over
the link icon). Reactivate the link by holding down Shift and clicking the link icon
again.
Rearrange layers by dragging the layer above or below other layers. Use the movedown shortcut Ctrl-[ (Command-[ on a Mac) and the "move up" shortcut Ctrl-]
(Command-]) to move selected layers up and down. Shift-Ctrl-[ and Shift-Ctrl-] (Shift-
Command-[ and Shift-Command-] on a Mac) will bring layers to the very top or the
very bottom of the stack.
Select a layer by using the keyboard shortcuts Alt-[ and Alt-] (Option-[ and Option-]on a Mac). These keystrokes let you move up and down through the layers in theLayers palette.
Create a new layer by pressing Shift-Ctrl-N (Shift-Command-N on a Mac). This willbring up the New Layer dialog box. Want to create new layers quickly without
having to deal with the dialogue box? Simply press Shift-Ctrl-Alt-N (Shift-Command-
Option-N).
Merge a layer into the one beneath it by pressing Ctrl-E (Command-E). If you have
selected layers, this shortcut will merge those selected layers together.
Quick Keyboard Shortcuts
Naturally, most of the tools in the toolbox have a keyboard shortcut.
You can learn each tools shortcut by hovering your cursor over a tool
for a few seconds: a tooltip box will appear, displaying the name of the
tool and its shortcut. If additional tools are available in the flyout menu,
you can cycle through them by pressing Shift-[keyboard shortcut].
Keyboard shortcuts can save you valuable time pressing V to
bring up the Move Tool is certainly a lot quicker than moving the
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
23/90
21
cursor over to the toolbox to select it. It may not seem all that significant right now, but
the time you take to access tools will add up over the course of a project! For your
convenience, whenever I mention a tool, Ill list its shortcut in parentheses, e.g., the
Move Tool (V).
e. Photoshop Toolbox
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
24/90
22
Youll notice that some of the tool icons have small black triangles in their bottom right-
hand corners. These icons contain hidden treasures! The triangle indicates that there are
more related tools available; if you click on the tool icon and hold it down, a flyout
menu will appear,displaying the additional tools.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
25/90
23
Secret Selections
Selections can have varying levels of transparency,
known as the degree of opacity. Its actually
possible to make a selection with an opacity of
100% in one area, but only 20% in another area. If a
selection contains any pixels for which the opacity
is more than 50%, they will be displayed with a
border of dotted lines. Photoshop wont visibly
outline areas with less than 50% opacity (though they will still be selected). Selection
tools automatically select at 100% opacity. Well learn about creating transparent
selections using Quick Masks and alpha channels later in this chapter.
Selection Tools
You can use the selection tools to select certain areas of your document for editing. If
you use a selection tool, only the area thats selected will be affected by any changes you
make. You can feather selections (specify a fuzzy radius for them) using the Feather
field in the options bar. The example at the top of the next page shows two rectangles:one created by filling in a selection with a feather of zero pixels, and one thats created
by filling in the same selection with a feather of five pixels.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
26/90
24
Marquee tools (M) are used to create rectangular or elliptical selections, including
selections that are single row (one pixel tall, stretching across the entire width of the
document) and single column (one pixel wide, stretching through the entire height of
the document). To make single-row or single-column selections, click with theappropriate tool on the image area where you want to select a row or column.
You can use the Lasso tools (L) to create freeform
selections. The Lasso Tool comes in three different
forms:
Lasso Tool (L) Click and drag the Lasso Tool todraw aselection area. Releasing the mouse
buttonwill close the selection by joining the start
and end points with a straight line.
Polygonal Lasso Tool (L) Click at different points to create vertices of a polygonalshape. Close the selection by moving your cursor to the beginning and clicking once,
or pressing the Enter key.
No Selection Sometimes Equals All Selected
If youve made a selection, only the pixels within the selection are active and can be
worked on. Some tools can be used without making a selection at all. However, be aware
that if you have not made a specific selection, Photoshop will assume that you are
working on the entire layer and any changes you make will affect all pixels in the layer.
Magnetic Lasso Tool (L) If you think you need help with making your selection, trythe Magnetic Lasso Tool. Photoshop will attempt to make a smart selection by
following the edges of contrast and color difference. Click once near the edge of an
object and follow around it Photoshop will automatically lay down a path. You can
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
27/90
25
also click as you follow the line to force points to be created on the path. Close the
selection by pressing the Enter key or clicking at a point near the beginning of the
selection.
Magic Wand
The Magic Wand Tool (W)
selects areas of similar
color. You can change the
tolerance (how close the
color values should be to
the sampled color in order
to be selected) of a Magic
Wand selection, and choose
whether you want the selection to be contiguous (pixels that are touching) or not (in
which case, matching colors across the entire document will be selected).
Selection Shortcuts and Tasks
Hold the Shift key to add another selection to the first. Hold the Alt key (Option key on a
Mac) to subtract your new selection from the first. Hold Shift-Alt (Shift-Option) to select
the intersection of your first and second selections. Use the arrow keys to move the
selection pixel by pixel. If you feel that this doesnt move your selection quickly enough,
hold down Shift and use the arrow keys to move the selection ten pixels at a time. Press
Ctrl-J (Command-J on a Mac) to copy the selection into its own layer. To cut the selection
into its own layer, press Shift-Ctrl-J (Shift-Command-J). If this seems familiar to you, its
because I mentioned earlier how to copy a layer using the same keyboard shortcut. Now
that you know that not selecting anything sometimes means that everything is selected,
it makes sense that simply by selecting a layer in the Layers palette, you can copy the
entire layer by pressing Ctrl-J (Command-J). To deselect a selected area, click outside of
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
28/90
26
it with one of the Marquee tools, or press Ctrl-D (Command-D on a Mac). To reactivate
your last selection, press Shift-Ctrl-D (Shift-Command-D).
The Move Tool
The Move Tool (V) moves a selected area or an entire layer. You can invoke the Move
Tool temporarily when using most other tools by holding down the Ctrl key (Command
key on a Mac).
Move and Copy Shortcut
For most tools, holding Ctrl-Alt
(Command-Option on a Mac) and
dragging a selected area will
temporarily invoke the Move Tool,
allowing you to move and duplicate
the selected layer quickly.
You can also duplicate a layer by holding down the Alt key (Option key on a Mac) while
using the Move Tool, as shown in the image below.
The Crop Tool
The Crop Tool (C) is used to trim images.
Create a selection using the Crop Tool,
then double-click the center of the
selection, or press Enter, to crop the image
to the size of the selection.
To cancel without cropping, select another
tool or press the Esc key.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
29/90
27
Crop Outside the Box
You can use the Crop Tool to
resize your canvas. Expand your
document window so that its
larger than the image area, and
create a crop selection that
includes the image and extends onto the gray areas outside the image. Applying this
crop will resize your canvas to include those extended boundaries, making your canvas
larger.
Drawing and Painting Tools
Apart from its extraordinary photo editing abilities, the
multi-talented Photoshop also provides drawing and
painting tools that allow you to create your own shapes
and backgrounds.
Brush
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
30/90
28
The Brush Tool (B) is suitable for soft-edged painting or drawing. Draw strokes by
clicking and dragging the mouse over the canvas. You can change the brush size and
other settings in the options bar at the top of the window.
Pencil
The Pencil Tool (B) is suitable for hard-edged drawing or painting and has similar
options to the Brush Tool for setting its size, opacity, and more. The Pencil Tool is often
used for drawing on, and editing individual pixels in, zoomed-in images.
Eraser
The Eraser Tool (E) removes pixels from the canvas. You can choose between Pencil,
Brush, or Block mode from the Mode drop-down menu in the options bar.
Aliased vs Anti-aliased
Unlike the Brush Tool, the Pencil Tools edges are aliased. The term aliased refers to the
edges of an object being jagged, in contrast to an anti -aliased object, in which the
edges are smooth. In the two examples shown here, the top shape in each examplewas created using the Pencil Tool, while the bottom shape was created using the Brush
Tool. Notice the difference in the jaggedness of the edges of these curves. Well look
more closely at anti-aliasing when we discuss the Text Tool.
Paint Bucket
The Paint Bucket Tool (G) fills a selection with
a flat color. To use the Paint Bucket Tool, click
once in the area that you wish to fill. If the
chosen area is not within a selection, the Paint
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
31/90
29
Bucket Tool will fill all similarly-colored pixels within the vicinity of the clicked area.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
32/90
30
Gradient
The Gradient Tool (G) fills a
selection with a blend of two or
more colors, known as a
gradient. You can easily create
your own gradient, or use any
of the preset gradients
available in Photoshop.
Display the gradient presets
and tools by clicking on the small triangle on the right-hand side of the Gradient Tool.
Apply a gradient by setting your desired colors, choosing your gradient style, then
clicking and dragging the cursor over the area to be filled.
I find that I use the first two gradients the foreground-to-background gradient, and
the foreground-to-transparent gradient most often. The former will blend your
foreground color into your background color, while the latter will blend your
foreground color into a transparent background, giving it a fading out effect.
Text Tool
The Text Tool (T), true to its name, creates text layers. This ones easy to use just select
the Text Tool, click on the canvas, and start typing! You can also click and drag to create
a rectangular text area that will force text to wrap within its boundaries. You can change
the font size, color, and other text properties using the options bar along the top of the
window.
When the Text Tool is active, you can move the cursor outside of the text area. The
cursor will change from the text insert cursor to the move cursor, and youll be able
to move the text layer around.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
33/90
31
Its worth noting that when the Text Tool is active, you cant use keyboard shortcuts to
access other tools. This may seem like an obvious thing to point out now, but it wont
always be so apparent especially when your text mysteriously starts spurting strange
characters because youve been trying to use the shortcut keys!
To finish using the Text Tool, press Ctrl-Enter (Command-Return on a Mac). You can
then resume your regular keyboard shortcutting!
Shape Tools
You can create shapes simply by clicking and dragging Photoshops Rectangle, Rounded
Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Line, and Custom Shape tools (U).
The specific options for each shape tool are displayed in the options bar, and you can
access additional options by clicking on the arrow to the right of the Custom Shape
button. For example, the Line Tool has options for displaying arrowheads, and for
controlling the shapes and sizes
of those arrowheads, as shown in
the example below.
If you look at the options for each
shape, youll notice that there are
three different methods you can
use to create a shape:
Your shape will be created as a
solid-colored layer covered witha vector shape mask. Confused?
Think of the mask as a sheet of
dark paper that has a hole (your
shape) cut out of it so that the color shines through the hole. To change the color,double-
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
34/90
32
click on the color block in the Layers palette as shown in this example. To change the
vector shape mask, use the vector editing tools.
as a path Your shape will be created as a path in the Paths palette, as shown in theexample above (in which the path has been named Work Path).
as filled pixels Your shape will be created on whichever layer is currently selected.I created a new layer, then created a shape using the Fill pixels option on Layer 1 in
the above example.
Selecting Colors
Set foreground and background colors by clicking on the appropriate tile and choosing a
color from the Color Picker, as demonstrated in the example below.
Color Picker Shortcuts
Press X if you want to switch the foreground and background colors. Press D if you
want to revert to a black foreground and white background.
Eyedropper
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
35/90
33
The Eyedropper Tool (I) lets you sample another color from your image, and set this as
the foreground color. In fact, its actually possible to sample colors from anywhere in
your display and even from other applications outside of Photoshop. Simply click inside
the document window, then drag the cursor to the color you wish to sample. Click toselect that color.
The Eyedropper Tool also allows you to set the background color. To do so, hold down
the Alt key (Option key on a Mac) as you select colors using the eyedropper.
The Paint Brush, Pencil, Paint Bucket and any of the other painting or drawing tools can
temporarily be turned into the Eyedropper Tool by holding down Alt (Option).
The Hand Tool
The Hand Tool (H) moves your canvas, which is handy (pardon the pun!) when youre
zoomed in to an image, or have a very large document open.
Whats even handier is the fact that you can invoke the Hand Tool while youre using
any other tool (except the Text Tool) by holding down the spacebar. This is a neat way to
position your image exactly where you want it without having to chop and change
between tools to do so.
Other Useful Tasks and Shortcuts
Zooming
Zooming right into your image is the only way to make subtle changes at the pixel level.
Use Ctrl + to zoom in and Ctrl to zoom out. You can also zoom using the slider on the
Navigator palette.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
36/90
34
Making a Selection Using the Layers
Palette
To select the pixels on a particular layer,
press Ctrl (Command on a Mac) and click
the thumbnail of the layer. This selection will
also take into account the transparency of
any pixels, so painting in the selection will
recreate the transparency settings of the original layer. The example at the top of the next
page shows a selection I made based on one of the text layers in my sunset document.
Making a Selection Using a Quick Mask
Quick Masks are one of those closely guarded trade secrets that professional designers
use all the time, but beginners often are wary of trying because they seem complicated at
first. Well, theyre not!
A Quick Mask is an alternative way of making a selection. The usual way to use a Quick
Mask is to go into Quick Mask Mode (Q) and, using a tool such as the Brush Tool,
painting the things you dont want to select. This is called painting a mask, and the
resulting reverse-selection will display as the transparent red color that you can see in
the example overleaf. You can edit this red layer honing the mask shape, for instance
using the drawing and painting tools. Those alterations wont affect your image,
though: they impact only on your final selection. Switching back to Standard Mode (Q)
will complete your selection.
Why would we use this technique instead of those trusty selection tools that weve all
come to depend on so heavily? Well, Quick Masks have a couple of advantages over the
standard selection tools:
1. They allow you to control the level of transparency of your selection.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
37/90
35
2. Its easier to color an object in, than it is to carefully draw a line around it.Initially, it can be difficult to get your head around the fact that you arent painting on
your image: youre just painting the selection. But once you master that concept, youll
feel confident to be able to make a selection quickly on any shape, no matter how
difficult it seems!
Quick Mask Options
I prefer to set Quick Mask Mode
so that it lets me paint in the
selected areas rather than the
non-selected areas, as shown inthis example. To alter your
settings to do the same thing,
double-click on the Quick Mask
Mode icon and change the Color Indicates: option to Selected Areas.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
38/90
36
f. Alpha Channels and Selections
You can use alpha channels to create selections and save them for later use. If you openthe Channels palette, youll see several channels, displayed in a similar way to layers in
the Layers palette. By default, youll see the color channels, which represent how much
of each color is represented in the
document. You can click the Create New
Channel icon at the bottom of the palette
to create your own alpha channel.
You can then use any of Photoshops
painting or drawing tools to create a
grayscale image that will represent your
selection white areas represent
selected areas, black areas represent
deselected areas, and grays represent the
levels of transparency in the selection.
To turn your alpha channel masterpiece
into a selection, simply hold down Ctrl
and click the channels thumbnail
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
39/90
37
To return to the normal image view,
click on the Layers palette tab, and
select any layer. Your selection will
still be visible.
You can also create your own alpha
channels from existing selections a
capability that can be very useful! For
example, lets say youve created a selection of
an island silhouette like the one shown in the
example below. You have a feeling that youll
be reselecting this island pretty often, but
youd rather not recreate the selection each
time. No problem! Once the selection has been
made, use Select > Save Selection. Name your
selection (in this example, Land), and click OK.
If you go to the Channels palette, youll see a
new selection at the bottom of the list, named
Land in the following image thats your
saved selection. Now you can reload your
Land selection as many times as you need to!
The History Palette
The History palette is your key to time travel (in Photoshop, anyway). It lists the most
recent steps that youve made, and allows you to undo your actions by rolling your
image back to a previous state. You can set the number of steps that are stored in the
memory by selecting Edit > Preferences > Performance (Photoshop > Preferences >
Performance on a Mac) and changing the value in the History States text box.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
40/90
38
Like most of Photoshops other tools,
the History palette has a set of useful
keyboard shortcuts for quick access:
Ctrl-Z (Command-Z on a Mac) letsyou undo and redo the previous
step.
Ctrl-Alt-Z (Command-Option-Z)steps back through the History palette.
Shift-Alt-Z (Shift-Option-Z) steps forward through the History palette.
As only a limited number of
history states are available,
there may be cases in which
you want to save asnapshot
of your document so that you
can revert back to it later if
required. To do so, click on the
small triangle on the top-right of the History palette and choose New Snapshot New]. In the dialog box enter the width and height of the layout. I usually design for a
width of 780 pixels width. This works well in monitors with 800 x600 resolution as it
leaves 20 pixels for the browser scroll bar. The resolution for the web is 72.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
41/90
39
You can choose between white, background color (the color will be taken from thebackground color specified in the toolbox) and transparent background.
Click OK.
A new Photoshop document/ canvas will be created with a locked Background layerin the 'Layers Palette'.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
42/90
40
You can still change the background color by filling the Background layer with thecolor of your choice (specified in the Foreground Color of the Toolbox) and using the'Paint Bucket Tool'.
Name and Save the document [File > Save]. Photoshop files have the extension .psd.You can name it "layout.psd".
2. Insert Images in PhotoshopIf you plan to use stock photos you should find the appropriate images and keep them
ready. You should also have logos, bylines and some sample text ready. If your home
page has a different layout from the rest your site you will have to create 2 different
layouts. For the home page design you should be clear about what you want to
communicate, things that you want to highlight and other usability principles. You
should also be clear on your navigation based on your site plan.
Insert Images
Insert any images that you plan to use [File > Place]
http://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/stockimages.shtmlhttp://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/dont_make_me_think.shtmlhttp://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/build_website/site_plan.shtmlhttp://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/build_website/site_plan.shtmlhttp://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/dont_make_me_think.shtmlhttp://www.vineyardesigns.com/resources/stockimages.shtml -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
43/90
41
Browse for the image file
Select the file
Click the 'Place' button
The image will appear in a sort of grid (see picture below) and the cursor will change
Click on the image and drag it where you want to place it within the canvas
You can also resize and rotate the image by dragging the corner nodes or hoveringnear the corner node till the rotate cirsor appear and then rotating.
Double click when you are happy with the placement, size and rotation of the image.The image will be placed there.
You will see that a new layer appear in the 'Layers
Palette' where the image is placed. If you are unable
to see the Layers Palette you can open it by viaWindows > Layers.
Layers Palette
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
44/90
42
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
45/90
43
3. Photo Editing & Post-Processing
1. Digital Photo Editing WorkflowThis article summarizes the most important steps to incorporate into your digital photo
editing workflow (aka "post-processing workflow"). It isn't necessarily a procedure that
you'll want to implement with all of your photos, but whenever you want to get that
"keeper" looking just right, these steps can make all the difference.
Before After
The "after" image more accurately depicts how the scene appeared in person a good
goal for most photo editing. Only white balance, exposure compensation, shadow
recovery and sharpening were applied to produce the "after" image above all steps
described in the workflow below.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
46/90
44
OVERVIEW: TOP 10 POST-PROCESSING STEPS
Each is listed roughly in the order that they should be applied:
a. White Balance - temperature and tint adjustment slidersb. Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recoveryc. Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external softwared. Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrationse. Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancementf. Contrast - black point, levels and curves toolsg. Framing - straighten and croph. Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancmentsi. Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email
j. Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen sizeNote: Clicking on any of the steps above (or scrolling down this page) will take you to
a quick summary of the most important considerations for each. Within these sections,
you can also click on links which will lead you to more in-depth reading on each topic.
The above steps are virtually universal, so most photo editing software should work. If
you've captured your images using the RAW file format (highly recommended), then
the order of the above steps isn't as important, since they'll be intelligently applied
when you develop using your RAW software. Otherwise it's critical that you follow the
above sequence especially with steps involving sharpening, resizing and noise
reduction. Be careful though, extreme edits can easily cause image posterization with
JPEG files.
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#white-balancehttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#exposurehttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#lens-correctionshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#lens-correctionshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#detailhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#contrasthttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#framinghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#refinementshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#resizinghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#output-sharpeninghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/RAW-file-format.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/posterization.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/posterization.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/RAW-file-format.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#output-sharpeninghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#resizinghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#refinementshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#framinghttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#contrasthttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#detailhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#lens-correctionshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#lens-correctionshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#exposurehttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-editing-workflow.htm#white-balance -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
47/90
45
a. White Balance
Simply getting the white balance right can often make the single biggest improvement
in your photo's colors. An incorrect white balance will give your image a color cast,
and can dramatically reduce both contrast and color saturation:
Incorrect White Balance Custom White Balance
Controls. First adjust the "temperature" slider, then refine using the "tint" slider. Theformer controls the relative warmth of the image, whereas the latter controls the
magenta-green shift.
Problem Scenes. Paradoxically, cameras typically make the biggest white balancemistakes with scenes that are the most dramatically lit (and often could have
benefited the most). Pay extra attention to white balance when shooting sunsets,
indoor lighting and low-light photos, etc.
Other Tools. If there's an object somewhere in the image which ought to be neutralgray, you can also use a "white point dropper" (or similarly named tool) to
automatically set the white balance so that this object's color cast is subtracted from
the entire image.
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/white-balance.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/white-balance.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
48/90
46
b. Exposure: Compensation & Recovery
This step presumes that you've done everything possible to get an accurate exposure
at the time of capture. However, this isn't always possible (or practical).
Under-Exposure Ideal Exposure Over-Exposure
(clipped shadows in blue) (clipped highlights in red)
Fortunately, exposure can be fine-tuned by using the "exposure compensation"
adjustment tool. Some general tips include:
Image Histogram. Use this as an objective guide
Viewing. View the photo at a small size on-screen to make it easier to judgeexposure. Also keep in mind that exposure isn't something that necessarily has a
"right" answer; it often also depends on your artistic intent and just "looks right."
Extreme Tones. Pay careful attention to whether there are any blown highlights orlost shadow detail. If your software supports it, you might be able to recover these
by using the "fill light," "recovery" or "black point" tools.
Limitations. Avoid excessive compensation; if you increase exposure too much,noise will become visibly worse in the shadows, whereas decreasing it too much
will make blown highlights more apparent. In either case, this probably means that
your original exposure was way off, and you're likely better off working on a
different photo.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
49/90
47
c. Noise Reduction
If your image was taken at a high ISO speed, it will likely benefit from noise
reduction:
High Image Noise Original Photo on Left Best Case Scenario(taken at high ISO) After Noise Reduction (taken at low ISO)
Order. Noise reduction is most effective when applied before any other imageediting (with the exception of steps 1 & 2 above: exposure compensation and white
balance).
Types. Image noise has many types; some are easily removed while others aren't.Fortunately, noise from a high ISO speed is the type that is most easily addressed.
Refer to the tutorial on image noise for a background on this topic.
Limitations. Aim for noise reduction as opposed to complete removal, since thelatter can make subjects appear unnaturally smooth. Some noise is OK and even
expected.
Dedicated Software. For problematic images, it is worth experimenting withdedicated noise reduction software such as Neat Image, Noise Ninja, Grain
Surgery, or others. Sharpening. Noise reduction often goes hand in hand with sharpening, so this
step may need to be applied in conjunction with step 4 (depending on your
software). This is because they can offset eachother: sharpening increases noise,
but noise reduction often decreases sharpness.
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-noise.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-noise.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
50/90
48
In special cases, another technique is Noise Reduction by Image Averaging
d. Lens Corrections
The three most problematic (but correctable) lens imperfections include:
Vignetting Distortion Chromatic Aberration (CA)
Vignetting is most prevalent when you're using low f-stops, although some lensesare also more susceptible to this than others. A little vignetting is often beneficial,
since this can draw attention to the image's center and make the frame's edges less
abrupt. Also be aware that correcting for vignetting increases image noise near the
corners. However, if your vignetting is actually due to physical blockage (such as a
lens hood or filter), then this unfortunately cannot be corrected.
Distortion will be most prevalent when you're using wide angle or telephotolenses (or are using a zoom lens at either extreme). Don't try to fix this unless it's
clearly visible, since doing so can slightly reduce corner resolution and alter your
composition. Distortion is often acceptable with landscapes, but not in
architectural photos.
Chromatic Aberration will be most apparent at low f-stops, near the corners ofyour image and in regions with high contrast detail. When correcting for CA, use a
high contrast edge near the image's extreme corner as a guide.
However, be aware that not all types of CA can be easily removed. If the CA
doesn't appear to be helped using standard tools, you might also want to try other
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-averaging-noise.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-averaging-noise.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
51/90
49
settings. For example, Lightroom and Adobe Camera RAW have a "fringing" tool
which can reduce the more persistent types of CA (but potentially at risk of
reducing detail).
e. Detail: Sharpening, Clarity & Local Contrast
The aim of this step is to offset any inherent softening caused by your camera's sensor
and lens ("capture sharpening"). It's also important that it be applied conservatively
since you'll also be applying "output sharpening" in a later step. Sharpening should be
performed with care because it can exacerbate other image quality issues (such as noise,
chromatic aberrations, etc.). However, when done right, it can make a tremendous
difference in the perceived quality of your photo:
Unsharpened Original Sharpened
f. Contrast: Levels & Curves Tools
Images taken into the sun or near a bright indoor light source often suffer from low
contrast (since these are leading causes of lens flare). Improving contrast often gives the
long sought after "pop" or 3D look to your images:
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/lens-flare.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/lens-flare.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
52/90
50
Before Levels Lower Contrast
After Levels: Higher Contrast
Too much contrast can make your subject look unrealistic if this was actually a trait ofyour scene (such as photos in the fog or haze).
Higher contrast can also make colors appear more saturated.
g. Framing: Rotate & Crop
The vast majority of snapshots can be dramatically enhanced simply by cropping them
to strengthen their composition. While there's no universal rules, some good principles
are outlined in the tutorial on composition: the rule of thirds.
Unaltered Original
Rotated & Cropped
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/rule-of-thirds.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/rule-of-thirds.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
53/90
51
You may also want to crop your image so that it exactly matches a given print size (such
as 8x10 inches). The aspect ratio of your crop can often be specified within your photo
editing software making this process much easier.
h. Refinements - Colors & Selective Enhancements
Original Photo with Dust Spots on Sensor After Digital Spot Removal
This is really a catch-all category, but typical adjustments might include:
Colors - saturation, vibrance and other color adjustments. However, these are oftenoverdone, and frequently aren't necessary if white balance, exposure and contrast
have all been properly set.
Selective Enhancements - spot removal of dust/blemishes (as shown above), creativesharpening (such as at the eyes of someone in a portrait) and selective noise reduction
(in otherwise smooth areas such as the sky or skin). Important tools include: the
healing brush, clone tool, layer masks and adjustment brushes. Consult your
software's help file or manual to browse what options are available.
Once these have been applied, make sure to save a copy of your image, since all
subsequent editing steps only depend on how and whether you intend to share this
photo. This way you don't have to redo everything each time you plan on using your
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/archival-photo-backup.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/archival-photo-backup.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
54/90
52
image for something else. Regardless, at this stage the image should now appear
finished when viewed on your screen.
i. Resizing: Upsize for Print, Downsize for Web
Whenever you alter the display size of your image, you need to resize the file (using a
process called "digital image interpolation"). The resize strategy can be quite different,
depending on whether you want to make it larger or smaller.
When enlarging your image for a print:
Always try to perform enlargements yourself instead of having this done by theprinter
(otherwise it's easy to accidentally create prints which appear digital/pixelated).
If you see haloes around sharp edges, then your earlier capture sharpening may havebeen applied too aggressively (or with too high a radius value).
Also refer to this tutorial: Optimizing Digital Photo Enlargement
When downsizing your image for the web or email display:
Avoid introducing non-image patterns such as the moir artifacts shown below.
Also refer to this tutorial: Image Resizing for the Web and Email
Original Image Downsized50%(unrealistic moir artifacts)
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-interpolation.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-enlargement.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-photo-enlargement.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-interpolation.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
55/90
53
Either way, what's often even more important than how you resize is that you make sure
to follow this up with output sharpening (in the next step).
j. Output Sharpening
Output sharpening is generally the very last image editing step applied to an image. Its
settings are therefore customized for a particular output device, which may include
special considerations based on the size, type and viewing distance of a print. Output
sharpening can also offset any softening caused by resizing an image for the web or e-
mail.
Refer to the guide to image sharpening for more on this topic.
OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
Backups. Once you're done, it's a good idea to make sure that you're properlyarchiving your digital photos using backup files. It would be a shame to lose all of
this hard work spent in photo editing (and in the original photo capture).
Monitor Calibration. The time spent photo editing is only beneficial if what you seeon your screen is accurate. This is absolutely critical. If you haven't done so already,
see the tutorial on monitor calibration for digital photography for more on this topic.
4. Image Correction
1. Retouch and HealingPhotoshop offers a large selection of tools and features for retouching photographs and
images. In this tutorial, youll learn how to use the common touch-up tools.
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/archival-photo-backup.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/monitor-calibration.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/monitor-calibration.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/archival-photo-backup.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-sharpening.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htmhttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/image-resize-for-web.htm -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
56/90
54
Spot Healing Brush Tool
The Spot Healing Brush is primarily used to quickly remove blemishes, imperfections
or other unwanted elements from an image. To use it,paintover an imperfection youd
like to get rid of using a suitable brush (brushes can be selected and modified in the options
bar). The Spot Healing Brush Tool will automatically try to repair the imperfection by
sampling the surrounding area.
Careful! Although the Spot Healing brush can be a great tool for quick fixes, its not
always guaranteed to work if the area surrounding the imperfection is busy. Generally
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
57/90
55
speaking, the surrounding area should be an approximate match in color & texture to
what you want to take place of the unwanted element in your image.
Healing Brush Tool
The Healing Brush Tool performs a similar function to the spot healing brush tool
mentioned above. Instead of automatically trying to determine the lighting, shading, and
texture from the surrounding area, the healing brush tool lets you manually select a
source, and then paint over an imperfection. To select a source, hold alt and click the
desired part of the image. Then paint over the area you wish to replace. As with the
Spot Healing Brush Tool, settings such as brush size can be controlled in the options bar.
Patch Tool
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
58/90
56
With the Patch Tool, an entire area can be repaired with pixels from another area. Just
like the healing brush tool, the patch tool will try to correct lighting, shading, and
texture. To use the patch tool, first draw a selection with any of the selection tools (or
the patch tool, which will function as a lasso tool). Then, using the patch tool, drag thatselection over the destination you want to use to repair that area.
Clone Stamp Tool
The final tool well cover in this tutorial is called the Clone Stamp Tool. The Clone
stamp tool allows you to paint with a sample of an image.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
59/90
57
Keep in mind that you are not healing/repairing an image when you use the Clone
Stamp Tool. Therefore, lighting and shading will not be maintained when you paint
over an area. What you see is literally what you get when you paint from a given source,
making it very useful in certain situations.
Blur & Sharpen Tools
The Blur and Sharpen Tools allow us to manipulate edges by making them softer or
harder. They do exactly what you would expect them to do; blur and sharpen.
Both tools have similar attributes such as Strength (increase or decrease the strength of
the tool, or how much it will blur) and the brush, all of which can be adjusted in the
Options Bar for each tool. To use the blur or sharpen tool, simply set up the brush to your
specification, hold down the mouse button, and hover over the areas youd like to alter
in your image.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/retouch-and-healing-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
60/90
58
You should have a pretty good feel of the basic retouching tools by now. The next step in
mastering Photoshop is usually learning how to use the painting tools to compliment
your photo remastering abilities!
2. Photoshops Painting ToolsIn Photoshop, the painting tools are used to paint strokes, and fill areas with color or
with colors that blend together. Knowing how to use the paint tools is a must for any
artist who wishes to use Photoshop.
The Brush Tool
In order to use the brush toolto its full extent, its important to understand what exactly
a brush is in Adobe Photoshop. A brush uses brush presets that are predefined (or user
defined). A brush preset is any brush tip with defined characteristics (such as size and
shape).
Think of brushes in Photoshop as a large collection of
different paintbrushes, each with a different shaped
tip. Imagine when you press the tip of one of these
paintbrushes against a canvas, the shape of the tip is
imprinted immediately. Its a rough explanation, but it
gets the basic idea across.
Brushes in Photoshop have plenty of other
characteristics which make them entirely unlike a real
world paint brush. By manipulating these attributes,
we can create entirely new brushes that act in unique
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
61/90
59
ways. You could create a brush that changes in shape and size as you are painting, a
brush that scatters itself in random directions, and even a brush that becomes more and
less transparent while creating strokes. The possibilities are literally endless.
Lets Create a Quick Brush for demonstration
purposes.
Create a new document, 200px by 200px with a white
background. Select the Brush tool, and in the options
bar select the first brush preset from the brush preset
picker (activated by clicking on the small down arrow
next to the current brush).
Go ahead and give this brush preset a whirl in your
active image area. Select a foreground color youd like to paint with, point your cursor to
where youd like to start painting, hold down the mouse button, and create a stroke.
Modifying Brushes
This brush preset creates a 1px hard
stroke. We can modify some of the
characteristics of this brush to create
something entirely different.
To modify a brush preset, youre
going to need to access the Brush
Palette. To open the brush palette, goto Window > Brushes. Heres a quick
overview of the palette.
A. Brush Settings Various settings for the
selected brush tip.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
62/90
60
B. Brush Stroke Preview A preview of the current brush stroke will look when used.
C. Selected Brush Tip The currently selected brush tip.
D. Brush Tip Shapes A list of all brush tip shapes available.
E. Brush Options Options for modifying the currently selected brush tip. Changes will not be
permanent unless a new brush preset is saved.
From the Brush Tip Shape settings, a user can select a brush tip shape from a list of
available shapes (predefined or user defined).
By clicking any of the various brush settings on the left, a panel of options will be
displayed that can adjusted to your own preference.
In the Brush Tip Shape area, set the diameter of your brush to 20px. By changing the
diameter, you affect the size of the brush.
Now go to Shape Dynamics and set the size jitter option to 100%. By changing shape
dynamics, youre adjusting how a brush mark changes during a stroke.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
63/90
61
Finally, go to Scattering, and set scatter to 300% with a count of 1. Scattering will affect
placement and number of brush marks.
Try painting with your brush now, and you ought to see a huge difference from when
you first started! Modifying brushes is really that simple!
If youre interested in learning more about brushes, then you may want to take a look at
our guide on installing new brushes in Photoshop which youve downloaded from
elsewhere.
Eraser Tool
Were not going to go into too much detail with the eraser tool, simply because you
should already have a pretty good understanding of how it works. How so?
Well, like many other tools in Photoshop, the Eraser Tool uses brushes which effect the
size, shape, and hardness of the tool. Essentially, the eraser tool is controlled in the exact
same way as the brush tool, only it erases rather than paints.
Watch Out! If youre erasing directly on the Background layer, youll leave the
currently selected background color wherever you erase. Always be sure to set your
background color before erasing from the Background layer.
Paint Bucket Tool
The Paint Bucket Tool is used for filling areas with solid colors. It can be used to fill
selections with a selected foreground color, or fill areas that are similar in color to the
part of an image that is clicked. To use the paint bucket tool, select a foreground coloryoudlike to paint with, and click anywhere in the active image area youd like to fill.
http://www.tutorial9.net/photoshop/installing-custom-shapes-and-brushes-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/photoshop/installing-custom-shapes-and-brushes-in-photoshop/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
64/90
62
Gradient Tool
The Gradient Tool is very similar to the paint bucket tool, in that it fills entire areas or
selections with colors. However, rather than filling an area with a solid color, the
Gradient Tool creates a series of colors than blend into one another.
When the gradient tool is selected, a preset gradient can be selected from the gradient
picker in the options bar. A gradient can then be created in the active image area by
clicking and holding the mouse button, and dragging in the direction youd like the
gradient to go. Release where youd like the gradient to stop.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/painting-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/painting-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/painting-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
65/90
63
There are 5 different gradient styles which can be selected to create different effects. You
can set them from the Options Bar.
Using Transform in Photoshop
In Photoshop, Transform is used to scale, rotate, skew, and just distort the perspective of
any graphic youre working with in general. This tutorial will teach you how to use
Transform to adjust your images.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/painting-tools/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/painting-tools/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
66/90
64
Scaling Graphics
One of the most basic transformations Photoshop is capable of is scaling a graphic.
Scaling allows you to enlarge or shrink a graphic around a reference point. To scale a
graphic, we go to Edit > Transform > Scale.
A set of handles will appear around our selected elements in the document ( such as
layers, or shapes). By moving anyone of these handles, we can adjust the size of the object.
To apply the transformation, hit Enter.
Constraining Proportions while Scaling
Often times, youll find it necessary to constrain the proportions of your objects when
scaling. This can easily be achieved by Holding Shift while dragging a transformation
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
67/90
65
handle. You can additionally scale from the center reference point by Holding Alt (or
Option on Mac OS), or combine the two by holding shift and alt at the same time while
scaling.
Rotating Objects in Photoshop
To Rotate an Object in Photoshop, go to Edit > Transform > Rotate. Handles will appear
as they did with a Scaling Transform, but instead of dragging one of these, go just
outside of the object until you see a curved arrow rotate icon.
At this point, simple drag left or right to rotate the selected object. Once again, you must
finish applying the transformation by pressing Enter.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
68/90
66
Be Precise with your Rotations!
You can rotate in 15 Degree Increments with this useful little shortcut. While youre
rotating an object, simply hold down the shift button.
Skew, Distort, and Perspective Transformations
The next 3 transformations are all similar, because they are all controlled by dragging
handles. That is not to say that they are used to do the same thing, they simply all
operate in the same manner. You can apply a Skew, Distort, or Perspective
Transformation from Edit > Transform.
Skew: Skew transformations slant objects either vertically or horizontally.
Distort: Distort transformations allow you to stretch an image in ANY direction freely.
Perspective: The Perspective transformation allows you to add perspective to an object.
Warping an Object
The Warp Transformation is quite a bit different compared to the other transformations.
The entire shape of the object can be modified, making this transformation useful for
several different effects. To use a Warp Transformation go to Edit > Transform > Warp.
A Mesh will appear over your object that you can adjust by dragging control points,
lines, or any other area inside of it. You can additionally apply a preset warp from the
options bar.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
69/90
67
5. Saving ImageTo save an image in the native Photoshop file format, you would simply choose File > Save
or Ctrl-S/Command-S. To save the file under a different name, you would choose the File >
Save As command (Shift-Ctrl-S/Shift-Command-S).
Instructions
1. Choose "File," then "Save." The short key command is "Ctrl+S."2. Type what you want to name the file into the "File Name" field.
http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/http://www.tutorial9.net/tutorials/photoshop-tutorials/using-transform-in-photoshop/ -
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
70/90
68
3. Choose a file location from the dropdown menu. If you want to locate a folder or driveaside from the default one, click on the drop down menu at the top of the dialog box and
select a new location.
4.Determine the file format you want to use and select it from the "Save As" pop-up menu.Most files will save better if they are flattened first. If you want to keep your layers,
choose the "Photoshop PDF" format.
5. Check any options that you want included in the "Save" section of the dialog box. If yourfile contains an embedded profile, click the box on "Color: Embed Color Profile." Click
"Save."
Note: If a supported file format does not appear in the appropriate dialog box or submenu, you may need to
install the formats plug-in module.
Choosing a file format
Graphics file formats differ in the way they represent image data (as pixels or vectors), and
support different compression techniques and Photoshop features. To preserve all
Photoshop features (layers, effects, masks, and so on), save a copy of your image in
Photoshop format (PSD).
Like most file formats, PSD supports files up to 2 GB in size. For files larger than 2 GB, save
in Large Document Format (PSB), Photoshop Raw (flattened image only), TIFF (up to 4
GB), or DICOM format.
The standard bit depth for images is 8 bits per channel. To achieve greater dynamic range
with 16- or 32-bit images, use the following formats:
Formats for 16-bit images (require Save As command)
Photoshop, Large Document Format (PSB), Cineon, DICOM, IFF, JPEG, JPEG 2000,
Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, PNG, Portable Bit Map, and TIFF.
-
7/28/2019 Photography - Image Editor
71/90
69
Note: The Save For Web & Devices command automatically converts 16-bit images to 8-bit.
Formats for 32-bit images (require Save As command)
Photoshop, Large Document Format (PSB), OpenEXR, Portable Bitmap, Radiance, andTIFF.
About file compression
Many file formats use compression to reduce the file size of bitmap images.
Lossless techniques compress the file without removing image detail or color information;
lossy techniques remove detail. The following are commonly used compression techniques:
RLE (Run Length Encoding)
Lossless compression; supported by some common Windows file formats.
LZW (Lemple-Zif-Welch)
Los