![Page 1: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE
Prepared By :
Dr./ Rehab LashinePharmacology Department
![Page 2: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Physiological Anatomy of the Eye
![Page 3: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
THE ANT.CHAMBER OF THE EYE
![Page 4: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Ciliary Body
![Page 5: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Pupil
![Page 6: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pupillary Muscles
![Page 7: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mydriasis
![Page 8: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Miosis
![Page 9: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Effect of Miosis and Mydriasis on Acquous Humor Drainage
![Page 10: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Accomodation
![Page 12: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Autonomic Nerve supply of the Eye
Parasympathetic:
1- Bl.Vs. …Conjuctival VD ( Oculomotor)
2- Ciliary mm.. (Accomodation) (Oculomotor)
3- Sphincter pupillae(Miosis) (Oculomotor)
4- Increased lacrimation…..7th vranial n.(N.B.: Stim. Of the nic. Rec. causes twitches of
eye lid mm.)
![Page 13: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
•Sympathetic1- Bl.Vs.( Conjunctival VC)………α1
2- Dilator Pupillae ( Mydriasis)…….. α1
3- Levator palpebrae & Muller’s m.(Exophthalmus & widening of the palpebral fissure)…..
4- Ciliary mm (relaxation)……. β2
5- Lacrimal glands (lacrimation)……… α1
6- α & β rec. in the Bl.vs. of the ciliary processes….help in regulation of aqueous humour formation
![Page 14: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Light Reflex
![Page 15: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Corneal Reflex
![Page 17: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Drugs Acting on the Eye
I- Drugs affecting the size of the pupil:MioticsMydriatics
II- Drugs Affecting Accomodation….Cycloplegics
III- Drugs affecting the IOP (intraocular pressure)
IV- Local Anesthetics
V- Antiallergic agents
VI- TTT of Eye Infection
![Page 18: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Miotics
M3 rec.: Parasympathomimeticsα1 blockers:
Sympatholytics(e.g.Phenoxybenzamine)
Central : Morphine ( ↑oculomotor nucleus)
USES:-Glaucoma-Counteract action of mydriasis- To break adhesions
![Page 19: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mydriatics Active:
- Sympathomimetics….(Mydriasis without Cycloplegia or loss of light reflex)
- Local anesthetics…..(Cocaine) (Mydriasis without Cycloplegia or loss of light reflex ).
Passive: - Anticholinergics……(Mydriasis with Cycloplegia & loss of light
reflex) except Eucatropine (doesn’t cause cycloplegia).
Ganglion Blockers …...(Mydriasis with Cycloplegia ) Central
USES:Fundus Exam, Therapy of acute Iritis, Breaking Adhesions
![Page 20: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Drugs Affecting Accomodation
Drugs causing Accomodation to near objects:
- stim. of ciliary mm: Parasympathomimetics
Cycloplegics: drugs causing paralysis of ciliary mm…..loss of accomodation…fixation of vision for far vision: Parasympatholytics (EXCEPT EUCATROPINE)
![Page 21: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
N.B:.Sympathomimetic mydriatics are safely
used in adults > 40 years in whom Atropine have the risk of causing dangerous rise in IOP.
Therapeutic uses of Cycloplegic drugs:1- Ttt of Iridicyclitis2- Ttt of choroiditis3- Measurement of refractive errors
![Page 22: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Drug Therapy of Primary Open Angle (chronic simple) Glaucoma
A) Miotics: They act mainly by↑ the acqueous outflow.
1- Direct : pilocarpine.
2- Indirect: choline esterase inhibitors
B) Sympathomimetics: ↓ acq.humour production, & ↑ outflow
C) Β-adrenoceptor blocking agents: ↓ acq.humour production…….Timolol, befunolol
D) Oral Agents: Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors. ↓ acq.humour production…..Acetazolamide
![Page 23: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Drug Therapy of acute angle closed (congestive) glaucoma
Dehydrating agents: IV infusion Of Hypertonic solution ( Mannitol, Glycerol)
Oral Acetazolamide
Topical miotics: e.g.: pilocarpine
Analgesics: pethidine or morphine (for pain)
![Page 24: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Drug used in treating inflammatory and allergic eye conditions
1- Conjunctivitis: can be ttted by:A- Penicillin G, chloramphenicol ( Acute purulent
conj.)
B- Sulphacetamide (eye drops)..for trachoma
C- Tetracycline ….for chronic follicular conjunctivitis
D- Vidarabine, or Acyclovir for Herpes simplex keratitis
E- Topical steroids for chronis puppillary conj.
![Page 25: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Drug used in treating inflammatory and allergic eye conditions( Cont.)
2- Glucocorticoids: to suppress inf., and allergy
3- Topical Antihistaminics: (eye drops), in allergies
4- Sodium cromoglycate: ( for ttt. Of spring catarrh, vernal keratoconjunctivitis)
5- Astringents : Zinc Sulphate ( angular conj.)
![Page 26: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Harmful drugs for the Eye1- Drugs that ↑ IOP: A- Mydriatic cycloplegics, tricyclic antidepressants B- Chronic steroid use
2- Cataractogenic drugs: steroids, phenothiazines, heavy metals…
3- Drug-induced retionopathies: ethanol, methano, indomethacin,steroids
4- Drugs causing corneal deposits: Amiodarone, chloroquine…
5- Oculomucocutaneous syndrome ( Conj. Fibrosis, corneal opacities,and dimnished tear secretion) e practolol
6- O2 : 40 % for prolonged periods in premature infants causes Retrolental fiboplasia
![Page 27: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE EYE Prepared By: Dr./ Rehab Lashine Pharmacology Department](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e455503460f94b3a091/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Experiment