PETER CLARKE - EW ANALYSIS & INTEGRATION
Integration of Tactical EW Elements
Peter Clarke, Capability Manager for EW Analysis & Integration A presentation to AOC Symposium29 Oct 2002
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3Copyright © 2002 QinetiQSpectrum Solutions
Contents
• Overview of Tactical EW – Scope (inc. doctrine)
– Military Roles
– Required Outputs
• Issues & Challenges– Target & EW Asset Types
– Required EW Capabilities
– Advantages of Coherent Command & Analysis
– Challenges
• QinetiQ’s Approach– Integration Achievements
– Trials
• Conclusions
Overview of Tactical EW
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Scope
• The issues presented in this talk are relevant to tactical ES, EA (including tactical SIGINT) as follows:
– ES - Electronic Surveillance• Detection, Location, Classification, Interception & Analysis of Emitters &
Emissions
• aiming to extract intelligence of interest to tactical commanders
– EA - Electronic Attack• jamming & deception of adversary receivers
• to disrupt enemy C2 & other comms
• and to provide Area/Surgical Denial of enemy ISTAR
• (i.e. not the platform protection role of EW)
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Scope (2)
• Concepts presented are relevant to:– Land, Sea & Air domains/deployments
• EW Capability is represented by 4 principle disciplines:– Communications ES
– Non-Communications ES
– Communications EA
– Non-Communications EA
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Military Roles for EWEW should provide/support the following:
• Support to Indirect/Direct Fire Offensives
• Support to IPB & TGP preparation
• Support to other friendly ISTAR assets
• Provision of intelligence for Info Ops planning
• Provision of ECM for Info Operations (i.e. ECM in support of the contact battle)
• Provision of threat warnings to friendly forces and/or platforms
• Provision of protection to friendly forces and/or platforms
• Provision of a jamming screen
• Support to COMSEC & INFOSEC
• Support to OPSEC
• Support to deception
• Support to counter surveillance (inc. SEAD)
• Support to SIGINT (collection of parameters for databases/RWRs)
• Support to deployment into area
• Support to targeting process
• Support to BDA
• Support to BSM (Battlespace Spectrum Management)
• Support to Evidence Collection
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Required EW Products:
Tactical Intelligence– Emitter locations (Blue, Red & White)
– Networks & Command Structures (EOB)
– Adversary intentions
– Adversary Network susceptibility (Nodal Analysis)
– Reporting on J2 Intelligence Requirements (Indicators, Threats & Targets)
– EMS Usage (for J6)
– Threat Warnings
– COMSEC
– Adversary Capabilities
Strategic Intelligence– Hi-fidelity recordings (of signal
internals & externals)
– EOB Library updates
– Parametric Library Updates
– SEI ‘fingerprints’
– Reporting on Strategic IRs
EA– deception/spoofing/simulation
– recce jamming
– surgical/area denial
– jamming screen
Issues & Challenges
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EW Target Diversity
• Radios (Comms)– HF to Microwave
– Fixed Frequency, Frequency Hopping, Spread Spectrum etc.
– CNR
– Trunk
– Personal Mobile Comms
• Radars (non-Comms)– CW, Frequency agile, LPI, etc.
– BSR
– SAR
– MTI
– AD, TA, FC, etc.
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EW Asset Diversity
• Each target type presents its own challenge in terms of:– waveform (including modulation)
– parameters (Frequency, PW, PRI etc.)
– parameter agilities
– mode changes
– etc.
• The requirement to detect/jam a variety of target types can lead to a variety of sensor and jammer types (in a range of form factors)
– e.g. multiple Comms ES sensors
– in manpack, soft-skin vehicle, armoured vehicle, airborne... versions
• Hence, any integrated EW system must be designed to accommodate the command, control and analysis of a variety of sensor and jammer types (plus any future types)
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Integrated EW Functionality Required:
EW Analysis & Integration Capabilities
EW Asset(sensor orJammer) Sensor Status
Messages
Sensor DataMessages
ControlMessages
Sensor ControlModules
Sensor DataStore Modules Analysis Tools
Command andPlanning Tools Internal and
ExternalInterfacingModules
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Required EW Analysis & Integration functions:
• An EW Analysis & Integration System needs to support the following functionality:
– Planning tools (ES & EA)
– System/User Administration
– Mission/Tasking/Reporting Management (Command)
– External Interfaces & Interoperability
– EW Asset Control (ES & EA)
– Data Processing, Analysis & Exploitation
– Internal User Comms & Data dissemination
– Internal & Boundary Security
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Functionality Requirements for EW Analysis & Integration Systems
Command, Planning, Integration, Intelligence Analysis,
Dissemination
AssetControl
EW CommsSensor/Jammer
Technical Analysis
AssetControl
EW Non-CommsSensor/Jammer
Technical Analysis
Internal & external
comms
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Potential Advantages of Coherent C2 & Analysis:
• Enhanced Cueing & Control of EA
• Coherent tasking between C & NC ES to raise Probability of Intercept (POI)
• Cueing between ES systems
• EA assets can used in an ES role when jamming is suspended
• Coherent analysis between C & NC ES can lead to more efficient intelligence production and associations are more readily spotted.
• SEI/extra measured features can be used for fusion/association
• Cueing of precision assets can be optimised
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Issues & Challenges
• Geographic dispersion vs co-location of functionality
• Multiple analysts/commanders/operators
• Choice of automation levels
• Comms data links
• Security
• Data fusion / association (track management & ID control)
• etc
QinetiQ’s Approach to Integration
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Military Driver
• UK Tactical EW Doctrine identifies the requirement for ‘Integrated EW Systems’
– Internal Integration of Tactical EW Elements:• Comms ES, Non-Comms ES, Comms EA & Non-Comms EA assets
• Central C2 & Analysis
– External Integration of EW Systems into the Military Environment:• Interoperability
• Digitisation & Networkcentric
• Other nations have identified similar requirements for ‘integration’
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Military Context for EW Analysis & Integration Systems
Users & Commands
Other ISTAR
Other EW/SIGINTSystems
Other EW/SIGINTAssets
EW/SIGINTA&I System
EW/SIGINTAssets
Cues +Collateral
Integration +Interoperability
C2 +Reporting
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Systems Engineering Approach taken by QinetiQ EW Group
• EW Military Roles & required Capabilities• Functional Architecture• Internal Processes (Planning, C2, Analysis & Reporting)• Concepts for Control of ES & EA• Concepts for Support Comms
– Modes of Operation (graceful degradation & recovery)
• Geolocation Approaches (Comms & Non-Comms)• Analysis Methods & Products• EW Analysis & Integration IT System Design &
Development
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QinetiQ’s Integration Suite
ANALYSTTM
SHARKTM
AdvancedComms ES
SWORDFISHTM
TDMA Sensor
DOLPHINTM
Modulationclassifier
CELT
Non-Comms ES
FOES
Non-Comms EA
PRECISIONCHANNEL
TechnicalMeasurement &
SEI
PUMA
Comms EA
EW IntegrationResearch Testbed
Other ManufacturesSensors/Data
e.g. Agilent BlackbirdProphet Air Prototypes
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Integration
SUBMARINES
TYPE 45
DTSP - HUNTER
ANALYSTAPPLICATION
BLACKBIRD
CREGGAN
MYSTIC
PROPHET II/III
ODETTE
DRUIDCELT
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Potential Integration Architecture for a Baseline of 4 Comms EW Assets
Connected Analyst Workstations
Ethernet
ConnectedElectronic Warfare
Sensors
Proxy &Comunications
Interface
Proxy &Comunications
Interface
Proxy &Comunications
Interface
Proxy &Comunications
Interface
Ethernet
ONE copyof data for
eachsensor
ONE copyof data for
eachsensor
ONE copyof data for
eachsensor
PositionFixing
algorithms. AnalysisAlgorithms
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System configuration example (non-comms assets only)
Emitter reportsFOES ES
FOES EAJamming
Analyst IIEmitter reports
Control
Hand offreceiver
High fidelityemitter reports
Precision DigitalChannel
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History – Fully Integrated EW Demonstration
• Demonstration - Sept 2000, UK
• Integrated EW System– EWCC Terminal
– Integration HQ
– 6 Remote Detachments (connected by RF links)
– Analysis & Integration IT System
– ‘Realistic’ Target Set (CNR nets; civil & military radars)
• Demonstration Objectives– Responsive to EWCC tasking
– Near Real Time generation of EGP (Comms & Non-comms overlaid onto a common GIS)
– Appropriate C2 of ES & EA
– Analysis of ES (e.g. EOB generation & TFA)
– Modes of Operation (Graceful degradation & recovery)
CregganSharkC ES
OdetteSharkC ES
PumaShark
C ES + C EA
FOES
NCES + NCEA
INCA
NC ES
Manportable NC
NCES + NCEA
Integration HQ
EWCC
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Integrated EW Demonstration
Integration HQ& EWCC
CESNCES
CEACES
NCEA
NCES
SHF NetworkHF Net
EW Analysis & Integration
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EW Integration Programme -Demonstration Flow
Enter MissionDetails
ESM TaskingGenerated
ESMCollection
ESM'Pictures'
Generated
ECMPlanning
ESM Reports JammingRequest
ECMPermission
ECM TaskingGenerated
ECM Performed &effects Monitoredby ESM Baseline
ECM effectsanalysed
ECM Activity& Effectreported
EWCC Terminal
Integration HQ Terminals
EW Outstations
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Integrated EW Demonstration - PF & EOB
Examples of QinetiQ’s Analysis & Integration Software
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Real Time Display
Spectrum & Threshold Display
Bearing Axis
ON Fixed Frequency
OFF Fixed Frequency
Handoff Receiver Controls
Emitter Network
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Control & Analysis of Modulation Recognition (DOLPHIN)
Automatic Tasking of
DOLPHIN from ANALYST II
Results Display on ANALYST II
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Historical Display
Bearing or
Amplitude or
Dwell or
Phase or
Frequency Axis
Time Axis
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TDMA Emitter Tracking
DF data showing an emitter detected
by two sensors
Purple dots indicate where emissions have been associated together
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Filtering - Options
• Some Current Filter Options:– Signals Type
– Emission Duration
– Signal Modulation
– Signal Name
– Frequency Band
– Fixed Frequency
– Transmission time
– Identifier, Allows advanced filtering on for example REGIONSREGIONS and on specific emission sets.
– Bearing (Same function as zooming)
– Priority Status
– Networks ……...
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Real Filtering Example
BearingAxis
Time Axis
AmplitudeScale
No Filters Used
Every Dot\Line is a Transmission
Filtered
Rebro
2x Mobiles
2nd C&C
C&C
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PF & EDL Analysis of a Dense Scenario
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Emerging Capability - Overview
• QinetiQ has ongoing research & development in many aspects of EW Analysis & Integration:
– Internal Security Control– Security Boundary Control– Enhanced Visualisation & support to key Analysis Processes– Integration with Strategic ELINT feeds– Rapid Report preparation & dissemination (Web Pages, files)– Automatic Alarming– Integration with Spectrum Management (JRFL & ADEF2)– Advanced Datarate control techniques– Path Propagation & DTED Planning tools– Resource Management (Users, Tasks, Assets, Security)– Precision Geolocation control & analysis (TDOA, FDOA, etc.)– Synthetic Scenario Stimuli & Instrumentation (to allow benefit analysis)– Specific Emitter Tracking
Conclusions
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Key Lessons Learned
• Integrated System Design is possible!!
• Some Benefits confirmed e.g.– Targeted tasking of modulation recognition from main comms ES sensors
– High POI Comms ES used to cue Non-Comms ES (to obtain unit functionality etc.)
– Near-real time Position Fixing from Comms ES ideal for surgical cueing of Comms EA
• Flexibility is the key - for functionality, automation, size & data links
• further work / emerging capability
Questions?
Peter Clarke, CEngCapability Manager - EW Analysis & IntegrationQinetiQ ltd. Malvern, UKtel: +44 (0)1684 [email protected]