PETAL-II Preliminary Eurocontrol Test of Air/ground data Link, Phase II
Operational Validation &Early Implementation
PETAL-II Preliminary Eurocontrol Test of Air/ground data Link, Phase II
Operational Validation &Early Implementation
Rob MeadRob Mead
PETAL-II Trials & Project ManagerPETAL-II Trials & Project Manager
Eurocontrol, DIS/ATDEurocontrol, DIS/ATD
TopicsTopics
Aims and ObjectivesAims and Objectives
Current OperationsCurrent Operations
Results and LessonsResults and Lessons
ATN extension & PITATN extension & PIT
PETAL-I
O pera tiona l P roo f o f C oncept;In itia l R equ irem ents V a lida tion
ODIAC TransitionGuidelines
A R IN C 623 based:O C M , D C L, A T IS
ODIAC Operational Requirem entsDocum ent
A TN -like C P D LC : A C M , C IC , D C L, D S CO ther S erv ices: C A P , D -O TIS , D -R V R
PETAL-II
D e ta iled R equ irem ents V a lida tion ;L im ited N ew Functiona lity
ODIAC M id-TermRequirem ents
Techno logy Independant:S urve illance , FL IP C Y , D Y N A V ,
P P D , C O TR A C
ODIAC Mem bers
C ontro lle rs , A ircrewC om m unica tions eng ineers
A vion ics and FD P S eng ineers
EOLIA / ProATN
P re-certified A TN -based a ir and ground sys tem s
ICAO ADSPRTCA / Eurocae
etc.
Original ContextOriginal Context
We are Essentially DoneWe are Essentially Done
We Met Our Original Objectives in 1998We Met Our Original Objectives in 1998 Multiple equipped aircraft on one channelMultiple equipped aircraft on one channel Total rewrite of Total rewrite of thethe key service (transfer) key service (transfer) Numerous defects identified (e.g. timers)Numerous defects identified (e.g. timers) Requirements gaps identifiedRequirements gaps identified Operational contact exceeds expectationsOperational contact exceeds expectations Accelerated implementation of air/ground datalinkAccelerated implementation of air/ground datalink
Within cost and schedule targetsWithin cost and schedule targets Operational package validatedOperational package validated
New Objectives: PETAL-IIeNew Objectives: PETAL-IIe Virtually no trials objectives left after 1998Virtually no trials objectives left after 1998
AAL offeredAAL offered
First fully certified and approved ATN avionicsFirst fully certified and approved ATN avionics
End-to-end functionality based onEnd-to-end functionality based on
cooperative FAA and European development cooperative FAA and European development
Transatlantic harmonization for full operationsTransatlantic harmonization for full operations
PETAL-II Operational PackagePETAL-II Operational Package OperationalOperational trials, in situ, trials, in situ, with userswith users Pilot and controller always in commandPilot and controller always in command Voice readback before clearance executionVoice readback before clearance execution Fully silent for all other communicationsFully silent for all other communications CPDLC message set (42 up, 22 down)CPDLC message set (42 up, 22 down)
Routine R/T (transfer, level, route, heading, Routine R/T (transfer, level, route, heading, crossing conditions, vertical rate, speed, etc.)crossing conditions, vertical rate, speed, etc.)
A little ADS and CM / AFN (log-on)A little ADS and CM / AFN (log-on) ATN (and FANS-1/A) compliant events.ATN (and FANS-1/A) compliant events. Multiple a/g datalink-equipped aircraftMultiple a/g datalink-equipped aircraft
SITA
VDL-4 stations
PETAL-II Gateway
Mode-S
End-to-End Partners, Current OpsEnd-to-End Partners, Current Ops
FranceMaastricht
VDL-4prototype ATN FANS-1/A
SAS, Lufthansa SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA
Simulation
Downlink Parameters
ICAO CNS/ATM Operational data and behavior
Applicable Airspace (in 2010)
red: >200 IFR flights / dayred: >200 IFR flights / day
Maastricht Controller HMIMaastricht Controller HMI
NEAN Airborne HMINEAN Airborne HMI
B747-400 MCDU
B777 Flight DeckB777 Flight Deck
Airbus Flight DeckAirbus Flight Deck
2119Z FROM KZAK CTL
AT ALCOA CLB TO & MAINT FL310
OPEN
*UNABLE
<OTHER
STBY*
WILCO*
ATCCOMM
PETAL-II Review (current ops)PETAL-II Review (current ops)
4087 flights used CPDLC thru August 20004087 flights used CPDLC thru August 2000 Now 300+ CPDLC flights / monthNow 300+ CPDLC flights / month Regular use fromRegular use from
DC-9: SAS (NEAN) - currently deactivatedDC-9: SAS (NEAN) - currently deactivated B747-200: DLH (NEAN) - currently deactivatedB747-200: DLH (NEAN) - currently deactivated B747-400: DLH, QFA, ANZ, SIA, ACA (FANS-1)B747-400: DLH, QFA, ANZ, SIA, ACA (FANS-1) B777: UAL, COA (FANS-1)B777: UAL, COA (FANS-1)
Multi-stack operations in placeMulti-stack operations in place All day, all sectors (16)All day, all sectors (16)
Overall ActivityOverall ActivityOverall Logon, CPDLC, Performance, and
Uplinks
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Logon
CPDLC
# Uplinks
Operational Acceptance LessonsOperational Acceptance Lessons Performance Performance stabilitystability seems to be a key seems to be a key
Controller familiarity is a Controller familiarity is a keykey risk risk Target: One flight per controller shiftTarget: One flight per controller shift
Training is criticalTraining is critical and it does not go away after IOCand it does not go away after IOC
HMI is critical (air and ground)HMI is critical (air and ground) Advanced displays needed on groundAdvanced displays needed on ground Dedicated displays recognized as useful for airDedicated displays recognized as useful for air EICAS appreciated in airEICAS appreciated in air Mode control panel synch appreciated in airMode control panel synch appreciated in air Advanced air HMI appreciated on groundAdvanced air HMI appreciated on ground
HMI, HMI, HMIHMI, HMI, HMI
Operational Uplinks SentOperational Uplinks SentOperational Uplinks Sent
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
98_0
8
98_1
0
98_1
2
99_0
4
99_0
6
99_0
8
99_1
0
99_1
2
00_0
2
00_0
4
00_0
6
00_0
8
up_transfer
up_level
up_heading
up_speed
up_route
up_time
up_instruction
up_levelspeed
up_emergency
Message Set lessonsMessage Set lessons Sub-sets are needed, and will existSub-sets are needed, and will exist
Interop mechanism needed to assist crews Interop mechanism needed to assist crews and controllers in handling themand controllers in handling them
Go slow: build a littleGo slow: build a little Your controllers and crews have enough to Your controllers and crews have enough to
learn with CPDLC; don't swamp themlearn with CPDLC; don't swamp them Start with the HMI; you'll cut your messagesStart with the HMI; you'll cut your messages
There is a common set across airspacesThere is a common set across airspaces If we can define it, we can optimize HMIs.If we can define it, we can optimize HMIs.
Pay Attention to Transfer of CommPay Attention to Transfer of Comm EssentialEssential service (if it doesn't work, nothing service (if it doesn't work, nothing
does)does)
Probably the highest operational benefitProbably the highest operational benefit 8.33 channels noticeably increased its utility8.33 channels noticeably increased its utility
Major differences with other regions = Major differences with other regions = troubletrouble If you do, both aircrew If you do, both aircrew andand controllers will suffer controllers will suffer
In this airspace, don't assume datalinkIn this airspace, don't assume datalink Design for voice transfers as common modeDesign for voice transfers as common mode Holds true for Holds true for allall CPDLC services CPDLC services
Mixed EquipageMixed Equipage Simultaneous datalink aircraft / sectorSimultaneous datalink aircraft / sector
Up to 30 aircraft (all types) in sector at one timeUp to 30 aircraft (all types) in sector at one time Max number datalink aircraft: 3Max number datalink aircraft: 3 Flight time / sector: 5 - 30 minutesFlight time / sector: 5 - 30 minutes Overlap time: 1 - 26 minutesOverlap time: 1 - 26 minutes Datalink use: heavy to not at allDatalink use: heavy to not at all
Mixed equipage Mixed equipage preliminarypreliminary results results Not considered a serious problem Not considered a serious problem butbut Will limit benefitsWill limit benefits Minimum one flight per control session requiredMinimum one flight per control session required
Multi-Stack ArchitectureMulti-Stack Architecture
ControllerHMI
ControllerHMI
ControllerHMI
ControllerHMI
Flight Data Processing System- Flight plan / address association- ATN SARPS (ICAO doc 9705), CPDLC, ADS, CM- All datalink service logic (e.g. connection set-up / transfer, timers, etc.)
P2FEP
NFEP- Aircraft address/state- ASE emulation CM, CPDLC, ADS- Data conversion
FaFEP- Aircraft address/state- ASE emulation CM, CPDLC, ADS- Data conversion
ALLA- Aircraft address/state- Data conversion
ProATN - ASEs: CM, CPDLC, ADS - ATN Router
FANS-1/A Gateway
NEANServer
IDD BER
IDDPERP
ET
AL
Gat
eway
PE
TA
L G
atew
ay
PETAL In A NutshellPETAL In A Nutshell
FANS-1/A Accommodation (2)FANS-1/A Accommodation (2) Key shortcomings for this airspace typeKey shortcomings for this airspace type
Legacy / older HMIsLegacy / older HMIs Lack of magnetic heading in ADSLack of magnetic heading in ADS ADS event contract limitationsADS event contract limitations Airways / route designator definitions ( 7 vs. 5 ch)Airways / route designator definitions ( 7 vs. 5 ch) RCP (reliability, performance, integrity)RCP (reliability, performance, integrity) Key log-on data missingKey log-on data missing No lat/long back-up for route pointsNo lat/long back-up for route points
ARINC 424 vs. ICAO nav databasesARINC 424 vs. ICAO nav databases No logical response (European issue)No logical response (European issue) Old messages displayed without warningOld messages displayed without warning Delivery Assurance??Delivery Assurance??
Our Biggest Keys to SuccessOur Biggest Keys to Success
Minimize Your Procedural FixesMinimize Your Procedural Fixes
Work the procedures Work the procedures duringduring systems design systems design allows you to use system solutions to fix system allows you to use system solutions to fix system
problemsproblems procedural work-arounds are bad newsprocedural work-arounds are bad news
Procedures will break-downProcedures will break-down Step on the phraseStep on the phrase
"That won't happen if they follow the procedures" "That won't happen if they follow the procedures" Sometimes, they won't follow the procedure.Sometimes, they won't follow the procedure.
Recognise that, and help them if you can. Recognise that, and help them if you can.
ODIAC MethodologyODIAC Methodology Direct quote from a requirements document:Direct quote from a requirements document:
The standardisation afforded by the SARPs provides The standardisation afforded by the SARPs provides assurances that aircraft implementations by different assurances that aircraft implementations by different manufacturers will be interoperable with … ground manufacturers will be interoperable with … ground systemssystems
This is not entirely accurateThis is not entirely accurate PETAL-II implemented:PETAL-II implemented:
rapidly, and with very few "teething pains"rapidly, and with very few "teething pains" We had the ODIAC source material (end-end)We had the ODIAC source material (end-end) We maintained the We maintained the multi-disciplinemulti-discipline, user-driven , user-driven
approachapproach
Pre-requisite: Integration TeamPre-requisite: Integration Team Develop End-to-End SpecificationsDevelop End-to-End Specifications
End-end procedures, automation, messagesEnd-end procedures, automation, messages interoperable use of SARPS, now to DO/EDinteroperable use of SARPS, now to DO/ED
Plan and coordinate certificationPlan and coordinate certification Plan and coordinate initial fieldingPlan and coordinate initial fielding
(air, ground, comm) (air, ground, comm) Formalise issues via RTCA/Eurocae, ICAOFormalise issues via RTCA/Eurocae, ICAO Monitor and manage operationsMonitor and manage operations Multi-discipline approach essentialMulti-discipline approach essential Introduced Introduced afterafter firm commitments firm commitments
Accountability essentialAccountability essential Streamlined structure essentialStreamlined structure essential
Standards bodies are Standards bodies are notnot well suited to this well suited to this
Certification Framework Applicant Harmonizing Approval
AuthorityDoc's
Avionics
HON? EquipmentManufacturer
NationalAirworthinessAuthority (NAA)
NAA JTSO-TSO(or STC?)
A/C
SRA? AircraftManufacturer
JAA NAA Type Cert
AAL Operator FAA FAA STC
Op
Approve AAL
SRA
Operator National ATMSafetyRegulator(NASM)
NASM OperationalApproval
ATM
ATM ServiceProvider
NASM NASM Approval
Maas EurocontrolPrograms
SRC ASRU onbehalf ofNASM
Approval
SITA
VDL-4 stations
PETAL-II Gateway
Mode-S
ARINC a/g ATN VDL-2
End-to-End Partners, Next GenerationEnd-to-End Partners, Next Generation
FranceMaastricht
VDL-4prototype ATN FANS-1/A
SAS, Lufthansa AAL SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA
Simulation
Downlink Parameters
French Shadow Mode FAA
ICAO CNS/ATM Operational data and behavior
Collins Avionics
PETAL-II Integration Team (PIT)
1997 1998 1999199619951994 2000 2001 20042002 2003 2007 ….20062005
Base-1Base-2
PIT
Sim
B-1
B-1A
B-2
FAA Implementation Program
CPC
ADS
AIDC
PETAL
Op Concept
Op Requirements
LINK
Sim
PETAL-II extension
PETAL-II
ARINC PETAL II VDL Mode 2/ATN Coverage (FL250)ARINC PETAL II VDL Mode 2/ATN Coverage (FL250)
ConclusionConclusion Additional Partners always welcomeAdditional Partners always welcome
FANS-1 (controller familiarity now)FANS-1 (controller familiarity now)
ATN (help achieve operational harmonization)ATN (help achieve operational harmonization)
Monthly report, PIT, or newsletter distro?Monthly report, PIT, or newsletter distro?
ContactContact [email protected]@eurocontrol.be [email protected]@eurocontrol.be www.eurocontrol.be/projects/eatchip/petal2/www.eurocontrol.be/projects/eatchip/petal2/