Download - Peru Out of Step Incident R2 CFH Markup
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An Out-of-Step Event in thePeruvian Power System
Yofre JacomeCOES SINAC
Peru
Western Protective Relaying Conference
October, 2007
Charles HenvilleHenville Consulting
Inc.
Presented by
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Overview
Background on loss of stability
Impact on system voltages
Differential or distance protection
October 2002 Event
Disturbance records
Actions since the disturbance
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Relevant factors
Voltage fluctuations
Limitations of differential protection
systems
Benefits of modern multifunction relays
Reasons for operating limits
Benefits of remedial action schemes
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Weak interconnections
System A
Y MVASystem B
Z MVA (Z>Y)
Weak tie
(Rated capability
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Example system
Line ALine B
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Equal area criterion (stable)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 50 100 150
Angle (Degrees)
Power(PU)
Pre-faultPost-fault
Fault
Acceleration
area
Decceleration
area
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Damped recovery oscillations
0
50
100
150
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
time (s)
Angle(Degrees)
Oscillations leading to
stable equilibrium
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 50 100 150Angle (Degrees)
Power(PU)
Pre-faultPost-fault
Fault
Acceleration
area
Deccel'n.
area
Equal area criterion (unstable)
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Angular separations of sources
0
50
100
150
200
0 1 2 3 4 5
time (s)
Angle(Degrees)
Loss of synchronism
Oscillations leading to
stable equilibrium
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Voltage Oscillations
d
P
Electrical Center
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WECC Planning Standards
Fi ure W-1 From NERC/WECC Plannin Standards
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d
P1
P2
P3
P1 : Steady state stability limit
P2: Transient stability limitP3 : Loss of synchronism
Relay response to out of step conditions
Distance Relays
Differential relays see no fault!
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Controlled Separation
100 MW
50 MW
Grid
70 MW 30 MW 40 MW
Electrical Center
Controlled separation point
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Frequency changes
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An out-of-step event
At 13:09 hours on 22 October, 2002
In the South Eastern Region of Peru
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South
Eastern
Area
System
Diagram
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FAUL
T
FAULT
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Event record from faulted line
(L-1008)
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Moquegua Terminal of L-2030
Trigger10/09/2002
01:09:06 PM.380
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
IR R
-10
0
10
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
IS R
-10
0
10
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
IT R
-10
0
10
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
VR R
-50
0
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
VS R
-50
0
t/s-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
VT R
-50
0
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Comparison of out-of-step voltages
t/s17.8 17.9 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6
K2:Va a_1/V
-50
0
50
K1:VR R
-50
0
50
Tintaya V max 1.07 pu
Moquegua V max 1.00 puMoquegua
V min 0.85 pu
Voltage in phase
Maximum voltage
Voltage out of phaseMinimum voltage
Tintaya V min 0.53 pu
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62 Seconds of asynchronous
interconnection
Trigger10/09/2002
01:09:06 PM.380
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
IR R
-10
0
10
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
IS R
-10
0
10
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
IT R
-10
0
10
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
VR R
-50
0
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
VS R
-50
0
t/s10 20 30 40 50 60
VT R
-50
0
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Frequency Divergence
South-eastern
Frequency
SEIN Frequency
Underfrequency
load shedding
in SEIN
Machupicchu
Generator trip
Generation
plant trip
(by operator)
SE Area
load loss
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Actions following the event
Impose operating limits
Replaced some protections with new
systems including out of step blockingand tripping
Replaced some power system
stabilizers
Implemented generation shedding RAS
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Operating Limit Nomograph
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Two different system responses
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Conclusions
Weak interconnections are exposed to out of
step conditions
Out of step conditions should be avoided but, if
they happen:
Systems should be separated in a controlled manner
Load and generation should be balanced in
separated regions
Re-synchronization might happen, but it might
not!
Real life events validate system models
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Questions?