PERSUASIONPersuasion is used when the writer or speaker
is trying to convince a reader or listener to think or act in a particular way.
Advertisers are masters of persuasion! Their main goal is to convince their audience
to purchase the product that they are selling.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://voxxi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/BUDWEISER-AD.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.laopinion.com/top-5-best-super-bowl-commercials-2015&h=600&w=800&tbnid=h-Q http://www.google.com/imgres?
imgurl=http://www.thebraiser.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/superbowlads-2015.jpg&imgrefurl=http://
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.themarysue.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/darth-vader-commercial.png&imgrefurl=http
PERSUASIVE APPEALS
Appeals to Reason/Logic Logical arguments based on verifiable
evidence, such as facts, statistics, or expert testimony
PERSUASIVE APPEALS
Appeals to Emotion Statements intended to affect
listeners’/readers’ feelings about the subject. These statements often include charged language-words with strong positive or negative associations.
Testing Persuasive Appeals
Is the author’s argument supported by evidence, or is it based on faulty assumptions?
Does the author link ideas clearly or make leaps in logic?
Is the argument consistent or contradictory?
RHETORICAL DEVICES
Speakers use rhetorical devices to: emphasize their ideas help their listeners to remember
the important points arouse an emotional response in
an audience
ALLITERATION
Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds.
Writers use alliteration to give emphasis to words, to imitate sounds, and to create musical effects.
"With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.“ (King, Jr. “I Have a Dream”)
RHETORICAL QUESTION
A Rhetorical Question is a question with an obvious answer.
A question that you don’t expect people to answer, but it is a question that makes people THINK!
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://indulgy.ccio.co/dS/sX/fy/10485011602262925yPnIPZNWc.jpg&imgrefurl=http://indulgy.com/post/qf6NryRmE1/rhetorical-question&h=294&w=420&tbnid=cihHtUBawxK31M:&zoom=1&docid=1aHpWrvDOEG-eM&ei=od_bVISRK4b1oATW6IG4CQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CB8QMygDMAM
Calvin and Hobbes on Rhetorical Questions
https://pathwriter.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/calvin-and-hobbes-rhetorical-question/
Here is a REAL example of Rhetorical Question “Can we forge against these enemies a grand and
global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?” –JFK Inaugural Address
Former President Kennedy includes this rhetorical question to call the audience to action. By asking if they will join in the historic effort, Kennedy forces the audience to think about what they are willing to do for their country and at the same time, he inspires them to be more American.
REPETITION
Repetition is expressing different ideas using the same words or images in order to reinforce concepts and unify the speech.
Did you know that in “I Have a Dream”, Martin Luther King, Jr., repeats many words many times…
freedom (20 times) we (30 times), our (17 times), you (8 times) nation (10 times), America (5 times), American (4
times) justice (8 times) and injustice (3 times) dream (11 times)
RESTATEMENT
Restatement is expressing the same idea in different words to clarify and stress key points.
In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”
What’s What?
“We will never give up; we will never surrender, we will never be defeated.”
“We will never…” is an example of…
repetitionanaphora(the repetition of a
beginning phrase 3 or more times)alliteration
“Never give up,”“never surrender,” and “never be defeated.” is an example of…
restatement
PARALLELISM
Parallelism is the repetition of a grammatical structure or an arrangement of words in order to create rhythm and make words more memorable.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.towson.edu/ows/ModulePARALLEL13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.towson.edu/ows/moduleparallel.htm&h=218&w=384&tbnid=IWHFk6_1mXfTcM:&zoom=1&docid=QLcvJvs8UrzHEM&ei=Dt7bVIX-McGsoQTK34CwCg&tbm=isch&ved=0CCEQMygFMAU
Faulty Parallelism Example
Faulty parallelism:
She revels in chocolate, walking under the moonlight, and songs from the 1930s jazz period.
This sentence is not written with parallel structure…you will see why in the next slide!!!
Parallelism Example
Good parallelism: She revels in sweet chocolate éclairs, long moonlit walks, and classic jazz music.
"She revels in”"sweet chocolate éclairs," [Adjective--Adjective--Object]
"long moonlit walks," [Adjective--Adjective--Object]
"and classic jazz music." [Adjective--Adjective--Object]
Another Type of Parallelism
Good parallelism: She loves eating chocolate éclairs, taking moonlit walks, and singing classic jazz.
She revels in""eating chocolate éclairs" [Gerund--Adjective--Object of Gerund]
"taking moonlit walks" [Gerund--Adjective--Object of Gerund]
"and singing classic jazz." [Gerund--Adjective--Object of Gerund]
ALLUSION
An allusion is a reference to a well-know person, place, event, literary work, or work of art.
“Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.”
-Martin Luther King, Jr. Who is Dr. King alluding to? What do we
know because of this allusion?
Rhetorical Triangle Explained Ethos:
What are the writer’s qualifications? How has the writer connected him/herself to the topic being discussed?
Does the writer demonstrate respect for multiple viewpoints by using sources in the text?
Are sources credible? Are sources documented appropriately? Does the writer use a tone that is suitable for the
audience/purpose? Is the diction (word choice) used appropriate for the audience/purpose? Is the document presented in a polished and professional manner?
Note how the author establishes a persona Note how the author establishes credibility Note any revelation of the author's credentials or personal history
Rhetorical Triangle Explained
Logos: Is the thesis clear and specific? Is the thesis supported by strong reasons and credible
evidence? Is the argument logical and arranged in a well-reasoned
order?
Note the claims the author makes, and the insistency of the claims.
Note the data the author provides in support of the claims.
Note the conclusions the author draws.
Rhetorical Triangle Explained
Pathos: Are vivid examples, details and images used to
engage the reader’s emotions and imagination? Does the writer appeal to the values and beliefs of
the reader by using examples readers can relate to or care about?
Note the primary audience for the text Note the emotional appeals the author makes Note the author's expectations of the audience
“I Have a Dream” Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Annotate (label) the
speech for examples of Allusion Parallelism Restatement Repetition Alliteration Rhetorical Question Anaphora
http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/July-August-08/On-this-Day--Martin-Luther-King-Jr--Gives-His--I-Have-a-Dream--Speech.html
http://www.centralmaine.com/2012/01/13/i-have-a-dream-speech-called-on-us-to-fulfill-promise-of-equality_2012-01-12/
“I Have a Dream”
Answer each question on the Rhetorical Triangle Worksheet
Give an explanation on the bottom of the worksheet discussing whether Luther King Jr.’s speech appeals more to ethos, pathos, or logos. Make sure you explain why. If he appeals to all three equally, explain that as well. Use textual evidence to support you claims.