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Personalized Presentation inWeb-Based Information
Systems
Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering
Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
Michal Tvarožek, Michal Barla, Mária Bieliková
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Presentation outline
• Motivation
• What is the problem?
• Personalized presentation layer architecture
• Evaluation
• Summary
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Motivation
• Large open information spaces
• Navigation and search related problems
– “Lost in hyperspace” syndrome
– Many (irrelevant) search results
Adaptive WIS (web-based information systems)
– Few “standard” solutions
– New adaptive WIS = start from “square one”
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Adaptive WIS problems
• No standard software architecture available
• Used mostly for e-learning applications
• Existing reference models (Dexter, AHAM)
– Deal with mostly abstract stuff
– Ignore software development and reuse aspects
• HERA methodology focuses more on presentation than adaptation and user modeling
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
User modeling problems
• Automatic creation of a user model is difficult
• Logging without semantics– Hard-coded evaluation logic depends on a specific
domain and implementation
• Web log analysis yields bad results– Purely server-side approach
– Extensive pre-processing required
– Better suited for overall statistics gathering than the evaluation of individual users’ characteristics
• Sharing of user models between tools or applications requires common ground
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Goals
• Devise the architecture of an adaptive WIS based on the use of interconnected software tools
– Identify tool roles and interconnects
– Focus on extensibility and flexibility
– Support architecture/tool reuse for different application domains
– Stress interoperability and “common ground” between tools
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview
Portal
HTMLfragments
Events
Presentation
Adaptation
Presentation tools
Presentation
Adaptation
Input / Feedback
Webbrowser
Server-sidelogging
Client-sidelogging
User characteristic
evaluation
EventsEvents
Presentationlayer
Personalizationlayer
User modelinglayer
Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer
Application logic layer
Data layer
Events
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Portal
• Facilitates user management tasks
– User registration
– User authentication and authorization
• Provides a single “global” user interface
– Ensures a common “look & feel”
– Integrates individual presentation tools as pluggable portlets that can be added, removed or reordered
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview
Portal
HTMLfragments
Events
Presentation
Adaptation
Presentation tools
Presentation
Adaptation
Input / Feedback
Webbrowser
Server-sidelogging
Client-sidelogging
User characteristic
evaluation
EventsEvents
Presentationlayer
Personalizationlayer
User modelinglayer
Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer
Application logic layer
Data layer
Events
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Presentation tools
• Perform adaptive presentation of content
• Allow for the use of different views/perspectives suitable for individual users
– The same data can be viewed e.g. with a
• Faceted browser
• Cluster visualization tool
• Form-filling tool
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Portal
HTMLfragments
Events
Presentation
Adaptation
Presentation tools
Presentation
Adaptation
Input / Feedback
Webbrowser
Server-sidelogging
Client-sidelogging
User characteristic
evaluation
EventsEvents
Presentationlayer
Personalizationlayer
User modelinglayer
Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer
Application logic layer
Data layer
Events
Architecture overview
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Client-side logging
• Captures client-side events that would otherwise go unnoticed
– Hovering on items
– Java script interaction
– “Back” button
– Form filling actions (e.g. the order of fields)
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview
Portal
HTMLfragments
Events
Presentation
Adaptation
Presentation tools
Presentation
Adaptation
Input / Feedback
Webbrowser
Server-sidelogging
Client-sidelogging
User characteristic
evaluation
EventsEvents
Presentationlayer
Personalizationlayer
User modelinglayer
Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer
Application logic layer
Data layer
Events
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Server-side logging
• Integrates event data from various sources
• Creates one continuous stream of events for– Each user
– Each user session
• Preserves the semantics of events supplied by individual tools;– Instead of GET www.x.com/overview.do?id=456&att=loc&r=33
– We get: <John>, <SelectRestriction>(<location>, <California>)
• Circumvents the tight coupling of presentation and log analysis tools in traditional approaches
• Makes the log data accessible to all user modeling tools
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Architecture overview
Portal
HTMLfragments
Events
Presentation
Adaptation
Presentation tools
Presentation
Adaptation
Input / Feedback
Webbrowser
Server-sidelogging
Client-sidelogging
User characteristic
evaluation
EventsEvents
Presentationlayer
Personalizationlayer
User modelinglayer
Server ClientPersonalized presentation layer
Application logic layer
Data layer
Events
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
User characteristics evaluation
• Continuously evaluates user event log data
– Estimates individual users’ characteristics
– Updates the user model
• Evaluates
– User navigation
– Implicit user feedback on presented content
– User behavior consistency or lack thereof
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Evaluation
• Within the context of projects– NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: job offers
• Tools for Acquisition, Organization and Maintenance ofKnowledge in an Environment of Heterogeneous Information Resources
– MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: scientific publications
• Modeling and Acquisition, Processing and Employing Knowledge About User Activities in the Internet Hyperspace
• Project constraints– Implementation environment Java 5
– Presentation framework Apache Cocoon
– Ontological repository Sesame
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
How it works?
Server
LogAnalyzer
SemanticLog
Factic(other tools)3. Domain model
User model
7. Event
Client
[Events]
[Domain model][User model][User logs]
Click
Webbrowser
1. Request
JOP/P3
10. Response
Corporate Memory
Domain model
User model
Userlogs
8. User logs
2. Request
[Events]
Prescott
11. Response
4. Outputdescription
6. XHTMLfragment
9. Notify
5. Domain modelUser model
ConCom
[Call]
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
What can we do with it?
• Personalize facet layout
• Improve response time
• Reduce the number of necessary clicks
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Number of active facets
Cli
ck c
ou
nt
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Tim
e [s
]
Clicks with recommendation 6 5 5 4
Clicks with adaptation 11 10 10 9
Clicks without adaptation 9 9 9 9
Time with recommendation 45 36 45 61
Time with adaptation 63 141 193 296
Time without adaptation 301 301 301 301
1 facet 2 facets 3 facets 11 facets
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Key issues I.
• Interoperability and “common ground” between tools– Requires common information and semantics representation
Ontologies provide means for defining common semantics
• Domain, user and event ontology
• Automatic user model acquisition– Built-in comprehensive logging of user interaction with
semantics
• Client-side
• Server-side– Automatic event log evaluation
– Continuous user characteristics estimation
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Key issues II.
• Flexibility and extensibility
– Modular architecture composed of interconnected software tools
– Simultaneous support for the use and integration of multiple presentation/user modeling tools
• Reusability
– Generic domain independent tools for specific tasks
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Sofsem 200722. 1. 2007 Tvarožek et al. Personalized
Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems
Summary
• Generic architecture of the personalized presentation layer of adaptive WIS
• Evaluation within projects
– NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ job offers
– MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ publications
• Future work
– Analyze possibilities of tool orchestration
– Devise methods of cooperation between multiple tools used for the same task