![Page 1: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GRANT AGREEMENT: 601138 | SCHEME FP7 ICT 2011.4.3 Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics [Digital Preservation]
“This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no601138”.
APPROACH TO TECHNICAL APPRAISALSimon Waddington (King’s College London)
![Page 2: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Technical appraisal
Case studies
Appraisal process
Data-driven environment analysis
Dependencies and change models
Technical appraisal tool
Overview
![Page 3: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Complex digital objects◦ Made up of interdependent components ◦ Files, software, hardware, user communities, policies◦ Examples from digital media art and space science
Technical appraisal◦ Concerned with question: “Can we preserve?”◦ How much of my digital content is usable and for how long?◦ Problem for curators/conservators/owners but also users
e.g I see a complex object in a repository – what are the chances I can still use it?
Continuum approach◦ Don’t separate active life from archival◦ Potentially non-custodial
Technical appraisal
![Page 4: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Video and software based art◦ Comprise hardware and software elements (e.g.
media files, containers, media players, proprietary and commercial software, operating systems, computers, displays)
◦ May involve cutting edge technology
Reuse in different installation settings◦ Artworks may exist in multiple versions◦ Freezing current state e.g. through virtualisation
may not be an option◦ Normalisation incurs work for potentially no benefit
Technical appraisal◦ Assessment of value
Video/Software-based art
Sow Farm by John Gerrard
Brutalism, by Jose Carlos Martinat
![Page 5: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Science data originating from International Space Station
Preserve data, software, parameters and documentation ◦ Support interpretation and validation◦ Repeatable science◦ Design of future experiments
Long timeframes of experiments Requirement to keep observations
indefinitely Ongoing reuse and validity
checking
Science experiments
![Page 6: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Depends on expert knowledge of human curators or conservators◦ Monitoring technology changes – e.g. trends in software usage and
availability E.g. Apple QuickTime
◦ Usage patterns Who is using the content and what are their requirements? Trends in interest in specific content types
◦ Technical knowledge E.g. Can video player X play videos in format Y? If not what are the best
alternatives? Issues
◦ Lack of technical knowledge◦ Failure to identify trends◦ Increasing volume of digital content
Human appraisal
![Page 7: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Appraisal process
![Page 8: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Data-driven methods enable changes to be monitored and predicted
Extract time series for analysis Sources
◦ Software repositories e.g. commits and downloads◦ Search engines◦ Wikipedia◦ Usage tracking data◦ Social networks
Correlate results across different data sources
Monitoring and modelling the environment
![Page 9: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Digital ecosystems and change● Digital ecosystem
● Digital objects, technical services, policies, processes, user communities
● Behavioural change ● E.g. technological change, policy change, which have an impact on other entities
through dependenciesGiven objects A and B. A is dependent on B if changes to B have a significant impact on the state of A, or if changes to B can impact the ability to perform function X on A.
Depends onEntity A Entity B
● Layers of models● Linked Resource Model (LRM) – upper ontology for change● Domain ontology – e.g. DVA – Digital Video Art
![Page 10: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ecosystem models – DVA ontology
AbstractResource
intersectionOf (ConcreteResourcAggregatedResource)
ConcreteResource 1
ConcreteResource 2
ConcreteResource N
realizedAs
hasParthasPa
rt
hasPart
lrm:Resource_1
lrm:Dependency
lrm:Resource_2
from
to
lrm:Resource_N
to
lrm:Description
lrm:Description
intention
specificationlrm:Plan
lrm:Plan
impact
precondition
lrm:Resource_Μ
from
lrm:Resourcelrm:Dependency
Ontology design patternshttp://ontologydesignpatterns.org/
Model
Digital video
Model captures expert knowledge about video based artworks
![Page 11: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Use ontology to populate a probabilistic graphical model◦ States are components in complex digital object
Exhaustive analysis very costly◦ Apply a variation of Pearl’s Belief Propagation Algorithm◦ Based on efficient message passing
Generate recovery options◦ Correspond to different temporal constraints
Video artwork model ◦ Codec, container, media player, operating system, computer◦ Can be extended to include additional components
Potential to incorporate additional factors◦ Display, software applications etc.
Bayesian modelling
![Page 12: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Provides a dashboard to rapidly identify risks, proximities and scale
Collection and component-level views
Metadata extraction – e.g. MediaInfo for digital video
Determines potential recoverability options
Provides guidance rather than exact solutions
General purpose
Technical appraisal tool
Due for release Jan/Feb 2017
![Page 13: PERICLES Approach to Technical Appraisal - Acting on Change 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070511/58a488a11a28ab58738b602f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Demonstrates an automated decision support for technical appraisal
Data-driven approach to monitor environmental trends
Ecosystem model to capture technical information on dependencies
Integrated tools for presenting risk-impact analysis and potential recoverability options
Conclusions