Download - Perceived Self-Efficacy
Perceived Self-Efficacy
NCI: Schwarzer & Luszczynska
Presented by Erica Howes
What is self-efficacy?
A “sense of control over one’s environment and behavior”
Self efficacy can influence: Initiation of change Effort to make a change Length of change Types of goals set
Theories Using Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy appears in some form in: Theory of Planned Behavior Transtheoretical Model Health Action Process Approach Social Cognitive Theory Theory of Triadic Influence
Measurement of Self-Efficacy
Scales for measuring self-efficacy depending on the specific type of self-efficacy in question.
Measuring usually involves a sentence like:
“I am certain that I can do xx, even if yy (barrier)” (Luszczynska & Schwarzer, 2005).
General Self-Efficacy
General self efficacy- “broad and stable sense of personal competence to deal effectively with a variety of stressful situations” (Schwarzer & Luszczynska) General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale
10 questions, range 1-4 for each Ex) “I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try
hard enough” (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995).
Self-Efficacy for Health Behaviors
Health behaviors studied: Nutrition Exercise Alcohol Resistance Smoking Cessation Medication Adherence Condom Use Preventive Behaviors (Breast Self
Examination)
Nutrition Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of nutrition behavior
Can relate to: Making good
food choices Controlling
intake amounts Self-regulatory
efforts Overcoming
barriers
Schwarzer & Renner, 2000
Measuring Self-Efficacy
How might you measure self-efficacy for: Exercise Alcohol Consumption Smoking
What factors might influence self-efficacy that could be important to address in the measurement? Ex) Social, environmental, other?
Exercise Self-Efficacy
Can relate to: Specific tasks (ex- ability to complete a given
amount of running) Regularity of exercise Overcoming barriers to exercise
Self-efficacy associated with: Endurance Competitive performance
Alcohol Consumption Self-Efficacy
Situational Confidence Questionnaire
Annis, 1984, 1987
Alcohol Consumption Self-Efficacy
Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Measured with Controlled Drinking Self-
Efficacy Scale (CDSES)
Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
(DRSEQ)
Abstinence Self-Efficacy Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE)
Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy
Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) Context-specific: self-efficacy varies
from situation to situation
Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ) Predicts smoking rate: negative
affect, positive affect, restrictive situations (to smoking), idle time, social-food situations, low arousal, cravings
Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy
Used to explain adherence to regimens of: Anti-retroviral medication for HIV Self-injection treatment for MS Epilepsy medications Diabetes- Self-Efficacy for Diabetes scale
Insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, dietary prescriptions, exercise
Hypertension Medication adherence self-efficacy scale
(Gbenga et al, 2003)
Condom Use Self-Efficacy
Condom Use Self-Efficacy scale- describes “feelings of confidence about being able to purchase and use condoms”
Detective Behaviors Self-Efficacy
Breast Cancer Screening- Breast Self Examination BSE Self-Efficacy scale measures intention +
maintenance
Prostate Cancer Screening
Colorectal Cancer Screening
(Un)related Constructs
Self-concept- “organized knowledge of oneself”
Self-esteem- emotional response to self-knowledge
Locus of control- attribution of responsibility for outcomes
Self-concept of ability- “judgment of competence without reference to action”
Dispositional optimism- “generalized outcome expectancies”
Hope- agency (similar to self-efficacy) + pathways (similar to outcome expectancies)
Locus of Control
Internal or external (I/E) Internal control of behavior (individual) External control of behavior (other
forces/chance)
A greater internal locus of control can promote better health. Similar to self-efficacy, but self-efficacy “is
also behavioral and prospective” (Schwarzer & Luszczynska)
Thank you!