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Permaforest TrustPermaforest Trust
Individual ProjectIndividual Project
A biomass-
biochar stoveBy James Jenkinson
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Introduction
VISION STATEMENT
To design an affordable, clean-burning, durable, safeand sustainable 'carbon negative' stove technologyfor the over-developed and under-developed worlds.
WHY?
Increasing need for improving the affordability,efficiency, durability, safety and sustainability ofcookstoves
Interrelated environmental stresses connected to thedesign and usage requirements of stoves that affecthuman and environmental health and sustainability.
Stresses include climate change, biodiversityconservation, human respiratory health and e-waste- just to name a handful.
Purpose of study is to design a cutting edge stove thataddresses these stresses
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Main stakeholders
Mullubimby Community Garden (biochar pod, kitchenpod)
Project 540
Stovers/The stoving community
Neighbours Misc permies
Byron Shire Council
Green movement
Entrepeneurs
Farmers
Researchers eg. CSIRO Wollongbar
Politicians
Forestry workers
Woodburn mill(biomass pelletisation)
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Research overview
Biochar overview
Biomass production
Biomass harvesting
Biomass pelletisation
Local interviews
Community and bioregional
Glocal (Global/Local)
Stove design and building
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Biochar overview
Biocharis "the carbon-rich product obtainedwhen biomass, such as wood, manure orleaves, is heated in a closed containerwith little or no available air" (Lehmann, J. &Joseph, S. (Eds.), 'Biochar for Environmental Management: Scienceand Technology', U.K., Earthscan, 2009, p.1).
Biochar is a 2,000 year-old practice that convertsagricultural waste into a soil enhancer that canhold carbon, boost food security and
discourage deforestation. The process creates afine-grained, highly porous charcoal that helpssoils retain nutrients and water (InternationalBiochar Initiative)
Main reason for biochar technology (Lehmann &
Joseph,p.5), is to mitigate climate change,
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Biomass overview 1
,B io m a ss is o rg a n ic m a tte r w h ich in clu d e s,fo re st a n d m ill re sid u e s a g ricu ltu ra l cro p s
, ,a n d w a ste s w o o d a n d w o o d w a ste s
,a n im a l w a ste s liv e sto ck o p e ra tio n
, ,re sid u e s a q u a tic p la n ts a n d m u n icip a l.a n d in d u stria l w a ste s
T h e b io m a ss in d u stry is re ce iv in g in cre a sin g
,a tte n tio n fro m th e p u b lic a s scie n tists
,p o licy m a ke rs a n d g ro w e rs se a rch fo r
, .cle a n re n e w a b le e n e rg y a lte rn a tiv e s ,C o m p a re d w ith o th e r re n e w a b le re sou rce s
;b io m a ss is ve ry fle x ib le it ca n b e u se d a s
, ,a fu e l fo r d ire ct co m b u stio n g a sifie d u se d
,in com b in e d h e a t a n d p o w e r te ch n o lo g ie s
.o r b io ch e m ica l co n v e rsio n s
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Biomass overview 2uman Impacts
.1 6 million people die from wood smoke.related diseases each year
Smoke from wood fire is one of the . WHO s top 10 threats to human health
Depleted wood resource causes.political instability
nvironmental Impacts %14 of global warming attributable to
.black carbon .Deforestation from wood collection .Increased atmospheric CO2ood Consumption Half of all wood harvested in the
.world is used for fuel %75 of wood harvested in developing
.countries is burned for fuel
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Cooking with biomass -usage
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Biomass production
In this bioregion the following havepotential:
Bamboo
Camphor laurel
Lantana
Macadamia shells
Plantations, farms, roadside, nurseries,bush regen
Sustainably managed plantationtimber waste
Agricultural waste
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Biomass harvesting
Forage harvesting v individual stemharvesting
Relates to accessibility and cost of
equipment Differences between
overdeveloped/underdevelopedworlds
Harvesting equipment
Sugar cane
Forestry
A riculture
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Biomass pelletisation
Biomass pelletization is the process ofreducing the bulk volume of the material,by mechanical means for easy handling,transportation and storage of material.
In addition to the practical advantage ofincreased convenience, putting biomass inpellet form also decreases the moisturecontent, increases the density and
maintains a high heating value. Used in emergency humanitarian response
eg. Haiti
Sold alongside stoves eg. World Stove,
Stovetec
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Local interviews 1
Main research questions were as follows:
What qualities do you look for in a stove?
What type of stove do you normally use for
cooking? What other methods of cooking have you
tried?
What are your preferred methods of
cooking? Have you heard of biomass stoves?
Would you be interested in using one for ashort trial of one month?
Any other comments or thoughts about
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Local interviews 2
Efficient and economical and ecological stoves weredesired
Gas or electric cooking appliances were most popular
Baking or grilling were popular cooking types otherthan stove cooking
Baking or grilling were most popular cooking methods
Most candidates had not heard of biomass stoves
Most candidates were interested in participating in abiomass stove trial
Additional comments were varied including the desireto cook by adobe oven, willing to compromise onstove technology, desire to cook with dung and anopinion that the local community has a low usage ofwhite goods and appliances suggesting that thisarea would be a good test bed for my stove
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Community and Bioregional
Stoves can be manufactured on acommunity level which createsemployment
Biochar produced by stoves can beused for soil amendment and waterconservation in local food productionsystems
Appropriate microfinance structureshave the potential to offer carboncredit exchange to local peoplecreating biochar and using it in foodproduction systems
Potential for further research in this
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Glocal (Global/Local)
International Biochar Initiative
Bioenergy Lists
Aprovecho Research Center
Bodgers Hovel
Biomass Energy Foundation
Global Partnership Plant
Conservation Biochar.org
EPRIDA
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Stove overview
3 main types
Top lit updraft (TLUD)
Carbon sequestration
Anila
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Stove design and building -principles
Affordable ['Help make people self-reliant', 'Bring food production back to the cities', PDM]
Clean-burning eg.smokeless, no VOCs
etc ['Produce no waste', PPP]
Durable ['Apply self-regulation and accept feedback', PPP]
Safe [ 'People care', 'Help make people self-reliant', 'Bring food production backto the cities', PDM]
Sustainable
carbon negative (biochar productive and 'clean-burning') ['Catch and store energy', 'Obtain a yield',
'Produce no waste', PPP]
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Stove design and building -Prototypes
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Stove design and building-Final
Permastove
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Permastove the lab
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Permastove ready to burn
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Permastove biocharproducts
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Whats the next step?
Go to stove camp Aprovecho Research Centre, U.S.A.
Modify and test the design
Obtain funding for further research Conduct research trial at community
and bioregional scales
Contact relevant international
development organisations andentities for participation in a stoveprogram
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Conclusions
Research is stimulating andrewarding
Field testing reveals design strengths
and weaknesses Huge potential for more research in
this area at local, bioregional and
global scale Stove comparisons Fuel comparisons
Feedstock comparisons
Biochar system integration