![Page 1: Pedal ulceration in a long-haired cat Author: Cathy CurtisEditor: David Lloyd © European Society of Veterinary Dermatology](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649dfe5503460f94ae60a8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pedal ulceration in a long-haired cat
Author: Cathy CurtisAuthor: Cathy Curtis Editor: David LloydEditor: David Lloyd
© European Society of Veterinary Dermatology © European Society of Veterinary Dermatology
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
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History - 1
• 12-year-old female, neutered, domestic long-haired cat
• Firm, ulcerated swellings had developed on multiple digits of both hind legs and the left fore over about 6 weeks
• The cat had recently started biting at the claws of the affected feet
HistoryHistory
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
History - 2
HistoryHistory
• It was severely lame on the left fore foot
• Therapy with various antibiotics and corticosteroids had not been successful
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Typical lesions: swollen & ulcerated digits
Clinical signs - 1
SignsSigns
A firm ulcerated swelling affecting the 4th digit of the left fore foot
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Clinical signs - 2
SignsSigns
• The cat was thin
• The popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged
• Pedal lesions were as described
• No other abnormalities detected
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
How would youapproach this case?
SignsSigns
• What are the next steps you would take?
• Make a list of your principle differential diagnoses
• List any samples you would collect
• List any tests you would perform to assist in making a definitive diagnosis
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Case investigation
DifferentialsDifferentials
• Principle differential diagnoses• Digital lesions
• Neoplasia• Primary cutaneous, or metastatic
• Granulomata: • Bacterial• Mycotic• Foreign body• Sterile (idiopathic)
• Osteomyelitis
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 1
TestsTests
• Initial tests• Blood tests:
• Routine haematology and biochemical screens; total thyroxine, FeLV and FIV assays
• Results:• No abnormalities; FeLV & FIV -ve
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 2
What additional tests should you consider?
• Skin biopsy
• Microbiology of tissue specimens
• Cytology• Aspirates, exudates, impression smears
• Radiography
TestsTests
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 3
TestsTests
Tissue samples from affected digits for histopathology & fungal culture
• Cut surface of digits exuded straw-coloured mucoid fluid
• Cytological examination of fluid unremarkable
• No micro-organisms isolated
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 4
TestsTests
Skin Histopathology (Trevor Whitbread)
• There is infiltration into the underlying tissue by cells which are capable of producing irregular acinar structures filled with a mucinous secretion and there are some goblet cells here
• The epithelial cells are slightly variable in size but there are few mitotic figures here
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 5
TestsTests
Histopathologists Comments
• These biopsies are similar
• These are adenocarcinomas which are producing acini and mucus and it is this mucus that is exuded from the cut surface. This is because there are goblet cells here
• These features are typical of those seen before in cases with bronchial carcinoma
• This would be compatible with a secondary spread from such a tumour
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Tests - 6
TestsTests
• Radiographer's diagnosis• Disseminated neoplasia, with osteomyelitis• Granulomata as less likely differential diagnoses
• What do you think now?
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
What is yourdiagnosis?
• Do the investigations permit a definitive diagnosis?
• Are there any additional investigations which you think may need to be done?
TestsTests
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Diagnosis
• Metastatic bronchial carcinoma
TestsTests
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
How would you deal with this case?
• What is your prognosis?
• How will you advise the owner?
• What treatment would you consider?
TherapyTherapy
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Prognosis
• Prognosis for this type of tumour is poor - it is unlikely to respond to antitumour therapy
• The cat is already in poor condition and would not tolerate aggressive therapy
TherapyTherapy
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Action
TherapyTherapy
• Euthanasia
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Post-mortem examination - 1
NotesNotes
• Adenocarcinoma in the right apical lung lobe
• Solitary adenocarcinomatous mass found affecting the right renal cortex - presumed vascular spread
• Four swollen digits sampled and shown to have metastases of the pulmonary adenocarcinoma
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Post-mortem examination - 2
NotesNotes
Renal (left) & pulmonary (right) lesions
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Final diagnosis
NotesNotes
• The digital swellings were metastases of a primary bronchial adenocarcinoma
• This has been reported in the cat but is rare
• This type of neoplasm is poorly responsive to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and owing to it's aggressive rate of metastasis, euthanasia is often necessary
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History | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | NotesHistory | Signs | Differentials | Tests | Therapy | Notes
Review
NotesNotes
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