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Patent Engineering Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 1
Patent Engineering IEOR 190G
CET: Center for Entrepreneurship &Technology
Dr. Tal Lavian(408) 209-9112
225A BechtelMondays 4:00-6:00
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Patent Innovations-Berkeley-Lavian
2nd week 2
Some administrations • Sign up for your presentation date• 3 units class
– All students participate, 4-6 students work on the project – Registration over at Telebear – same registration as for the 2
units
• Wednesday Oct 8th – instead of Monday Oct 6th • Taking the deposition – at the Law School
• Subject line on your emails to me:• “IEOR 190G” – your subject line
• Field Trip to Court at SF• Dyslexia
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 3
Patent Engineering Course • This is an engineering class not a law class• The course broadly covers patents as a
business tool • The use of intellectual capital for competitive
advantage • Protection and commercialization of engineering
and scientific intellectual assets • Examination of several patent litigation case
studies• focus on invention, innovation, patent and strategy
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Patent Innovations-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 4
What we will do in this course? • Mondays 4:00pm - 6:00pm
• Please be on time• Starts today - ends on May 11th• Patent – innovations, engineering, and strategy • Industry lectures • Few classes with the Law School • Students “experts witnesses” • Field trip – court visit SF or Oakland
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 5
What We Will Cover? • Overview of the Patent System• Publication, Public Use, and On-Sale
Limitations• Enablement and Best Mode Requirements • Utility, Provisional, and PCT Application • Novelty and Unobviousness Requirements • Avoiding Patent Infringement• Patentability and Infringement Comparison• Strategies for Engineers who are Witnesses
or Experts in Patent Lawsuits
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 6
Reading last week
• Patently-O• Mailing list• Other patent blogs
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 7
Who are you? • Send me email with the information
• Tell us about yourself:• In about 60 seconds• Your name, education, experience• Goals for future • What should we know about you• Your patent, invention background experience
• What do you know about patents?• How many patents have you read?
• Why are you here?• What you would like to accomplish?
• Send me email with this info
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 8
Grading - Attendance
• 2 units credit course – (no 1,3,4)• You will be fine - • Pass/Fail (it would be very hard to fail)
• Passing grade – requires attendance at all lectures (with one allowed unavoidable absence)
• Sign in for the class • Patent blogs and mailing lists • Students presentations – 15 min• Prior Art search
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 9
Students Presentations • Present in 10-15 min a patent litigation case • Case summary
• Parties, dates, history, issue in dispute, results • Engineering aspects of the dispute
• The patent(s), technology, product• Engineering aspects of the infringement • The engineering view vs. the legal view
• Any proposed design around
Volunteers to start next week
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Patent Innovations-Berkeley-Lavian
2nd week 10
Students Presentations
• Some examples from last semester: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~tlavian/spring2008/patentEngineering.html
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Patent Innovations-Berkeley-Lavian
2nd week 11
Today’s Student’s Presentations
• Immersion vs. Sony - Abhinav Gupta• Invitrogen Biotechnology - Christine
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 12
Example of a patent
• Cover page• Diagrams• Writing description• Claims
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 13
Intro to Patent Engineering
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 14
Types of Intellectual Property
• Patents– protect ideas
• Copyrights– provide the author the right to reproduce, display,
perform• Trade Secrets
– information kept secret and has economic value • Trademarks & Service Marks
– marks used in commerce identifying origin of goods
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Patent Innovations-Berkeley-Lavian
2nd week 15
Recent Patent Verdicts & SettlementsOr – Why it is really important?
• Alcatel/ Lucent v. Microsoft. - (2007) - $1.5 Billion • NTP – Settled with RIM for $612M (plus $53M litigation plus verdict)• Intergraph – over $880M in settlement from patent litigation with Intel, HP
and others• Eolas v. Microsoft (2003). $506M Jury verdict• Immersion v. Sony (2004). $82M jury verdict plus royalties
– increased (2007) to $150M– vibration game controller - Microsoft settlement on $26
• Freedom Wireless v. BCGI (2005) $128 jury verdict• Finisar v DirectTV (2006). 103M (79+24)Jury verdict plus injunction • Tivo v. EchoStar (2006). $74M jury verdict plus injunction • Acacia - $60M in licensing revenue (2004-2—6)• Forgent - $100M in licensing revenue 2004-2006
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Bell Labs Case - The Technology
Late 1980’s, Inventors James Johnston and Joseph Hall (Bell Labs, division of AT&T)
Quantizing noise – approximation of continuous range by values by relatively small set of discrete values.
Invented method and apparatus to produce quantized audio signal using interpolated scale factor.
V.V.
Advantage - Data compression – Same or similarsignal can be represented with less data
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Bell Labs Patents
• Filed: Dec 1988 • Assignee: Bell Laboratories• U.S. Patent No. 5,341,457, Perceptual
Coding of Audio Signals, to Joseph L. Hall and James D. Johnston (Dec 1988)
• U.S. Reissue Patent No. RE39,080, Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder, to James D. Johnston (Dec 1988, Reissued Sep 1994)
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Bell Labs MS Case
• In 2003, Lucent files suit against Gateway, Dell, and eventually Microsoft in U.S. District Court, San Diego, CA.
• Claim: Infringed two patents developed by Bell Labs in MP3 compression and playback within Microsoft Windows Media Player
• Sought 0.5% royalty of total Windows computers sold
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The Case
• Microsoft claims:• Received license for MP3 technology from
Fraunhofer Institute (Bell Lab’s parent research organization) for flat $17 million.
• Loop processor not applicable for WMP application.
• 0.5% rate exorbitant! “Only one of 10,000 features”
..
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The Results• Ruling agreed that patents were developed by
Bell Labs before joining with Fraunhofer to create MP3
• Rights to patents exceeded value of $17 million paid for license
• February 22, 2007, Alcatel-Lucent awarded record $1.5 billion in damages from Microsoft. Jury unable to find ‘willful’ infringement for $4.5 billion damages.
• August 6, 2007, Microsoft granted retrial. Verdict overturned based on insufficient evidence by Judge Rudi Brewster.
..
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PatentEng-Berkeley-Lavian 2nd week 21
Patent History• Created by Congress in 1790
– “…to promote the progress of science and the useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.”
• Article 1, Section 8• July 31, 1790 – 1st Patent
– Samuel Hopkins patents potash– Cost : $4.00
• Reviewed by Cabinet Members– Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State– Henry Knox – Secretary of War– Edmund Randolph – Attorney General– George Washington – President
www.uspto.gov, www.ipo.org
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 22
More Patent History• 3 Patents Awarded in 1790
– First patent law enacted• 1802 – US Patent and Trademark Office
Created– Responsibility of granting patents/registering
trademarks• Atomic Energy Act of 1954
– Excludes nuclear purposes/atomic weapons• American Inventors Protection Act (1999)
– Most recent revision of patent laws• New Legislation debate - 2008
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 23
US Constitution
• Rights are derived directly from US constitution, Article 1, section 8– granting congress the power to promote the
progress of science and useful arts by securing for a limited time to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 24
What is a Patent?
• A form of intellectual property• A grant of property right to an inventor by the
government• Prevents the invention from others for the duration
of the patent • In return, the inventor must fully disclose the
details of the invention to the public
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 25
What is a Patent? (Cont.)
• Right to Exclude the Making, Using, Selling , Offering for Sale or Importation of a Specified Invention– Limited Time (Typically 20 Years from date
of filing with USPTO)– Limited Geographic Territory (issuing
country)• Monopoly awarded by the Government for
sharing the Invention with the public
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Patent Engineering-Berkeley-Lavian
Week 2 26
Protecting the Idea
• Protecting the idea, not the embodiment• Allowed to claim broader than the physical
embodiment • Protection:
– Limited rights during the life of the patent • Filing to end• Issue to end