Download - Parts and Major Components of Motherboard
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PARTS and MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD
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OVERVIEW
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MOTHERBOARD DIAGRAM
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SHORT ADVANCEMENT OF MOTHERBOARD
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Detailed look at the various components on two motherboards
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A Baby AT design, sporting the Socket 7 processor connector, circa 1995
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An ATX design, with a Pentium II vSlot 1 type processor connector, typical of motherboards on the market in late 1998.
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• Motherboard development consists largely of isolating performance-critical components from slower ones.
• As higher speed devices become available, they are linked by faster buses – and the lower-speed buses are relegated to supporting roles
• There are cost benefits to putting peripherals designed as integrated chips directly onto the motherboard
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• PC buyer opts for low cost integration or high powered flexibility, this is the reason that PC motherboards are so widely varied and yet so integrally compatible with all PC software
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One of the latest motherboard
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QUESTION
• Who built the first motherboard?
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ANSWER
The first motherboard was built for the Apple II
by Wozniak.
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COMPUTER COMPONENTS WITHIN A COMPUTER
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PARTS OF
MOTHERBOARD
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BACK PANEL PARTS
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CABLES
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REVIEW
– What are the components of motherboard again?
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CPU
The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.
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Main Memory / Random Access Memory (RAM)
What is RAM?
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BIOS- Basic Input Output System
BIOS is a term that stands for basic input/output system
Consists of low-level software that controls the system hardware and acts as an interface between the operating system and the hardware.
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• Most people know the term BIOS by another name—device drivers, or just drivers. In other words, the BIOS is drivers, meaning all of them. BIOS is essentially the link between hardware and software in a system.
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BIOS CHIP
On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions. * BIOS is a ROM chip used by the mobo in the boot process
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BOOT ORDER BIOS SETUP
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BIOS (BASI INPUT/OUT SYSTEM) SETTINGS
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POST
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CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor )
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CMOS
• IT is a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM chips which is kept alive by a battery (known as a CMOS battery) even when the PC’s power is off.
• This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is powered on.
• CMOS devices require very little power to operate.
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The CMOS RAM is used to store basic
Information about the PC’s configuration e.g.
• Floppy disk and hard disk drive types
• CPU
• RAM size
• Date and time
• Serial and parallel port information
• Plug and Play information
• Power Saving settings
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Cache Memory
It is a small block of high-speed memory (RAM) that enhances PC performance by pre-loading information from the (relatively slow) main memory and passing it to the processor on demand.
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Expansion Buses
Expansion boards (cards) plug into the bus. PCI is the common expansion bus in a PC and other hardware platforms. It enhance the PCs capabilities by allowing users to add missing features in their computers in form of adapter cards that are slotted in expansion slots.
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Cpu Clock
Using a quartz crystal, the CPU clock breathes life into the microprocessor by feeding it a constant flow of pulses
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For example, a 200 MHz CPU receives 200 million
pulses per second from the clock. A 2 GHz CPU gets
two billion pulses per second.
Similarly, in a communications device, a clock may
be used to synchronize the data pulses between
sender and receiver.
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Chipset
• TWO MAIN CHIPSET
– The NorthBridge (also called the memory controller)
– The SouthBridge (also called the input/output controller or expansion controller)
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• SWITCHES AND JUMPERS – DIP switches
• JUMPER PINS – called bridge or a jumper cap
• JUMPER CAPS
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QUESTION
• What is the importance of BIOS?
• What is the importance of setting up the boot order in BIOS?
• Do we need to update the BIOS of our PC? WHY?
• How to determine if BIOS update is needed?
• How to go to BIOS/CMOS utility?
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• What is the difference between SATA, IDE and USB?
• What will going to happen if you remove the CMOS battery? What will be the effect of it in your settings?