Not Parallel:Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and to draw.
Parallel:Mike likes bowling, ice-skating,
dancing, and drawing.Mike likes to bowl, to ice-skate,
to dance, and to draw. Mike likes to bowl, ice-skate,
dance, and draw.
Parallel:
Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and gerund gerund gerund
drawing.gerund
Not parallel:
Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, gerund gerund gerund
and to draw.
infinitive verb
Not Parallel: She likes cake, movies,noun noun
and talking on the phone. verb noun
Parallel: She likes eating cake, watching verb noun verb
movies, and talking on the phone. noun verb noun
Not Parallel
The tragedy in “The Veldt” is caused by
the parents’ neglect, the children, and the adjective noun noun
ravaging lions.participle noun
Parallel
The psychologist, the children, and the noun noun
parents all play a role in the tragedy.noun
Not parallel:
• Dominic doesn’t have enough time to play soccer, join the debate team, and band.
• Correct this sentence so that it is parallel:
Parallel Subjects
The carefully trimmed trees in front carefully trimmed trees in front of the yardof the yard and the spectacularly spectacularly clean patio in the backclean patio in the back revealed the meticulous nature of the homeowner.
Parallel Subjects
The carefully trimmed trees in frontcarefully trimmed trees in front
adverb adjective noun compound preposition
of the yardof the yard and the spectacularly spectacularly noun / object of the preposition adverb
clean patio in the backclean patio in the back revealed the adjective noun preposition noun/ object of the preposition
meticulous nature of the homeowner.
Parallel Adverbs and Verbs
The agency had frequently frequently
adverb
receivedreceived but seldom revealedseldom revealed a
verb adverb verb
large number of crank calls.
Parallel Objects
The doctor carefully examined the heelthe heel, the anklethe ankle, and the toesthe toes.
Parallel Verbs and Objects
Mom went to Judy’s room and
gave her a drink, pulled up her
blanket, and kissed her forehead.
Parallel Verbs and Objects
Mom went to Judy’s room and
gave her a drink, pulled up her verbverb indirect object direct objectdirect object verbverb adverb pronoun as adjective
blanket, and kissed herdirect objectdirect object verbverb pronoun as adjective
forehead.direct objectdirect object
Parallelism of an Entire Sentence
The goal of a theoretical science is the truth, but the goal of a practical science is performance.
--Aristotle
Parallelism of Two Sentences
• After the first test, which used the rubber seal, the cylinder showed a ten-centimeter stain on the underside. After the second test, which used the new neoprone seal, the cylinder was completely unblemished underneath.
Parallelism vs. Chiasmus
PARALLELISM
The code breakers worked constantly but succeeded rarely.
verb adverb verb adverb
CHIASMUS
The code breakers worked constantlyworked constantly but rarely succeededrarely succeeded. .
verb adverb adverb verb
Parallelism vs. Chiasmus
Parallelism
What is learned willingly is forgotten gladly. verb adverb verb adverb
Chiasmus
What is learned willingly is gladly forgotten.
verb adverb adverb verb
Antithesis
To create a contrast, statements of antithesis often use words like “but” or “yet.”
However, many statements of antithesis do not use “but” or “yet.”
Antithesis ContrastsContrasts two ideastwo ideas by placing them side by side by
sideside in parallel structure.
The first time man walked on the moon Neil Armstrong said:
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Antithesis
ContrastsContrasts two ideastwo ideas by placing them side by sideside by side in parallel structure.
“Success makes us proud; failure makes us wise.”
.
Antithesis
ContrastsContrasts two ideastwo ideas by placing them side by sideside by side in parallel structure.
“To err is human; to forgive, divine.”--Alexander Pope
Antithesis
ContrastsContrasts two ideastwo ideas by placing them side by sideside by side in parallel structure.
Brutus states why he assassinated Julius Caesar:
“Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.”
Parallelism or Chiasmus?
1. The engine of the cruise ship was peacefully quiet; the plumbing was almost deafeningly loud.
2. To catch him on the phone required twenty phone calls, but an act of Congress would be needed to see him in person.
Parallelism or Chiasmus?
3. Across the river they could see their offices, while under the trees together they could feel their hearts.
4. When you speak, they will listen. They will act when you lead.
“The Broken Window theory tells us that, in order to reduce crime, arresting criminals is important, but painting over graffiti is crucial.”
This sentence contains
a. parallelism only.
b. antithesis only.
c. parallelism and antithesis.
d. neither parallelism nor antithesis.
Which one of the following does NOT contain antithesis?
A. She laughed while he fumed.
B. What we already have is reason; what we need now is imagination.
C. She cried and I cried.
Which elements in this sentence are parallel?
“To determine a reasonably profitable and competitively low price for a meal, some restaurants multiply the food cost of an item times four and charge that.”
A. to determine and restaurants multiplyB. reasonably profitable and competitively
lowC. food cost and an itemD. none of the above