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From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven: How to Realise the Elusive Potential of
Agriculture for Nutrition?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
Biofortification: The First Annual Conference November 9-11, 2010
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Overarching Question
What is Agriculture For?
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Three sub-questions
• What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• How often are the pathways created and travelled?
• What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways linking agriculture and nutrition?
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Three sub-questions
• What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition? (Many)
• How often are the pathways created and travelled? (Much room for improvement)
• What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways linking agriculture and nutrition? (Some ideas)
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1. What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
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What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
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What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
Improved Nutrition
• Energy
• Diverse Diet• Micronutrient
status
• Body Mass Index
• Linear growth
=
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What are the potential pathways between agriculture and nutrition?
• Increased supply of nutrients from farming– Own consumption– Purchased
• Income effects– Farm productivity
farm and nonfarm rural income
– Lower food priceseffective increase in income
• Post-harvest added value
x
• Pro-poor governance– Institutions– Incentives
• Approaches that empower women– Agency to work
the rules of the game
– Agency to define rules of game
• Nutrition Lens
Improved Nutrition
• Energy
• Diverse Diet• Micronutrient
status
• Body Mass Index
• Linear growth
=
Enabling environment for nutrition
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2. How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
• Agricultural growth-poverty impacts– Cross-country regression results (+)
(Ligon, Christiansen, Loayza)
– Country studies (mixed)
(Datt, Ferreira)
• Agricultural growth-nutrition impacts– Cross country regression results
more positive than negative, but still mixed (Heady)
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
• SPIA– 83 income or nutrition
impact evaluations between 1995 and 2008 (out of 761)
• J-PAL in mid 2009– 35 education– 25 health– 5 agriculture
• 3ie– 2 of 18 in round 1 on
agriculture• ALINe
– 6 of 50 large proposals to a key Foundation contained impact evaluation designs
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Impact studies not
systematically organised
• Protocols for inclusion– Clearly defined agricultural
intervention– Clearly defined nutrition
outcome– Quality of impact design– Quality of data collection– Quality of study
implementation– Balance of interpretation
• Regression meta analysis of studies
– Features of interventions which have the biggest nutrition impacts in studies?
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
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How often are the pathways created and travelled?
Few ag-nutrition
impact studies to give
granularity
Macro agricultural growth and
poverty: fairly convincing but crude
Impact studies not
systematically organised
No studies yet of the
nutrition impacts of bio-
fortification
• Difficult to say• My guess is that there is
plenty of room for improvement
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3. What needs to be done to increase the chances of the pathways
linking agriculture and nutrition?
Create an Enabling Environment
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Mapping Nutrition in Real Time
Unicef Malawi and Columbia University
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Capitalise on the increasing need to demonstrate impact
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Growth diagnostics: from economics to nutrition
Source: Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice: A ‘Mindbook’ Ricardo Hausmann, Bailey Klinger, Rodrigo Wagner CID Working Paper No. 177 September 2008. Harvard University.
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Nutrition Commitment IndicesIndicators: Hunger, Legal Framework, Spending on
Agriculture, Social Protection
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Build the next generation of agriculture-nutrition champions
MacArthur Foundation’s Masters in Development Practice
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Conclusion
www.alineplanning.org
improved nutritionGovernance
and GenderEnabling
Environment for nutrition
High productivity agriculture
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From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…
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Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…..nutrition
should be the prime shaper of
(public ) agriculture...
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
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Agriculture cannot be the prime shaper of nutrition,
but…..nutrition
should be the prime shaper of
(public ) agriculture... ..what else is
agriculture for?
From Harvest Plus to Harvest Driven
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Thank You