![Page 1: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pancreas
المطيري فهد مشاري
![Page 2: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anatomical structure of the pancreas
• The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine, and is composed of lobes of soft texture.
• Consists of the exocrine glands and internal secretion glands, or the so-called islands of Langerhans
![Page 3: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Location
• The pancreas is a gland located deep in the abdomen between the stomach and the spine (backbone). The liver, intestine, and other organs surround the pancreas.
![Page 5: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The islands of Langer Hans
• A clusters of adjacent cells are distributed randomly and lying between the cells of internal secretion of the pancreas, and the number of islands nearly a million in humans.
• All the islands of Langer Hans consists of a cluster of polygonal cells in small groups around the capillaries which are a dense network surrounding each island.
• In addition, the related ends of nerve fibers and Asambthawayp Albarracmbthawayp.
![Page 6: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Islands of Langerhans• There are three types of cells
1-cell-loving base and are called beta cells Beta Cells Produce the hormone insulin, which are the bulk of the islets of Langer Hans about 60%
2-Cells love to dye and acid called Alpha Cells Secrete the hormone glucagon, represent about 25% of the islets of Langer Hans.
3-Delta cells Produce the hormone somatostatin, which represents about 10% of the islets of Langer Hans.
![Page 8: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hormone insulin
• Secreted when increasing the level of blood sugar (Hyper glycemia(
• Facilitate the absorption of the cells to glucose
• Hormone builders
)fats, proteins, nucleic acids(
![Page 10: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Synthesis of the hormone insulin
DNA
RNA
mRNA
Preprohormone
Prohormone
Insulin
![Page 11: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Increase the secretion of insulinDisease heap of sugar
Lack of insulin secretionDiabetes
Imbalance resulting from the secretion of insulin
![Page 12: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Insulin-dependentDiabetes early
Non-insulin dependentDiabetes late
Reduced amount of insulin as a result of the crash of beta cells to either viral infection or otherwise
Shortage in the number of insulin receptors in target cells
Occurs in childrenOccurs with age
Insulin injections / snacking at intervals
Not eating sugars / snacking
Secondary typefirst type
![Page 13: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hormone glucagon
• Secreted when the level of lack of blood sugar (Hypo glycemia(
• Runs counter to the hormone insulin (Antagonism(
• Hormone HDMI - Analysis of glycogen Glycogenolysis
- Composition of glucose from sources other than carbohydrate Gluconeogesis - Increase the formation of urea - Inhibition of fatty acid
![Page 14: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Molecular structure of the hormone glucagon
- Consists of 29 amino acid.
- The molecular weight of 3450.
- Spiral shape.
![Page 15: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Balance blood sugar
•Hyper glycemia •Hypo glycemia
![Page 16: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hormones affect glucose levels
• Hormones Insulin• Hormones Glucagon• Hormones Epinepherine • Hormones Cortisol
• Growth hormone
• Thyroid hormone
![Page 17: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Third: The hormone adrenaline - Creates in the adrenal gland,
spinal cord - Secreted when the pressure and Sports
- Works on the composition of glucose from sources other than carbohydrate - Reduces the secretion of insulin / glucagon secretion increases
- Increases lipolysis
![Page 18: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IV: cortisol• Secreted by the adrenal
cortexIncreases the proportion of blood glucose by: - Composition of glucose from sources other than carbohydrate. - Analysis of glycogen and fat and protein. - Absorption of glucose in the tissues except the brain.
![Page 19: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
V : Growth Hormone
• Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary.
• Its functions:1-Secretion of IGF2- Building protein3- Lipolysis in adipose tissue4-Absorption of glucose in the muscles
![Page 20: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The organization of the secretion of growth hormone
a hormone secreted from GHRH .
Hypothalamus Increasing the amino acids. Lack of fatty acids. lack of blood sugar. hormone somatostatin.
![Page 21: Pancreas مشاري فهد المطيري. Anatomical structure of the pancreas The pancreas is a member of an extended there after the first part of the small intestine,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e8e5503460f94b91069/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
VI: thyroid hormones• Secrete thyroid
hormones T3 / T4 by the hormone TSH
• Increase the secretion of growth hormone
• As well as glucagon is excreted by the hormone TRH