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Palawan Corridor Conservation Strategy and Current Initiatives
Corridor WorkshopCebu, PhilippinesJanuary 9-13, 2008
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CI-P’s Priority Corridors
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Palawan Corridor Strategy
� Biological assessment
� Socio-economic assessment
� Threats analysis� Policy assessment
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Palawan Corridor Planning:Biological Assessment
18 species of FRESHWATER FISH (50% endemic to the corridor)
26 species of AMPHIBIANS (25% endemic to the country, majority are confined to the corridor)
69 species of REPTILES (29% are endemic to the country)
279 species of BIRDS (10% are endemic to the country); 34% of bird species are migratory, making the region a vital flyway for migratory birds
58 species of TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS, 19 or 33% are endemic to the country, 16 are restricted to the corridor
Source: CI, 2004; CI/BASMU, 2007
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Palawan Corridor Planning:Biological Assessment
� AAA� BBB
� 1� 2
� CCC� 1� 2� 3
KBA NameTrigger Species
CR EN VU RR
El Nido – Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 1 2 11 16
Malampaya Sound Protected Landscape and Seascape
2 2 10 18
Lake Manguao 1 1 13 20
San Vicente-Taytay-Roxas Forest 2 1 11 10
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 2 2 12 19
Cleopatra's Needle 1 1 3 1
Victoria and Anepahan Ranges 1 4 15 22
Mt Mantalingahan 2 3 13 20
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Palawan Corridor Planning:Biological Assessment
KBA NameTrigger Species
CR EN VU RR
Calauit Island 1 2 10 22
Busuanga Island 1 1 9 37
Culion Island 1 1 8 33
Coron Island 1 0 6 4
Dumaran-Araceli 2 2 5 5
Rasa Island Wildlife Sanctuary 1 2 3 0
Ursula Island 0 0 3 0
Balabac Island 1 2 10 39
Tubbataha Reef Natural Park 1 1 1 0
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Fig. 1. In-migration trends, Palawan Corridor
Pre-1945 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Local fishingSubsistence farmingNTFP harvestingLocal trading
Copra and mangrove harvesting
Commercial miningCommercial fishing, logging, trading
Land release program : NARRA CARPSocial unrest
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Source: CI/Boquiren, 2004
Palawan Corridor Planning:Demographic Assessment
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Major Biodiversity Threats� Forest Destruction
� Logging� Agriculture (slash and burn)� Fuelwood gathering
� Depletion of marine fishery� Mangrove destruction� Legal and illegal fishing
� Mining and quarrying� Roads and other large infrastructure development� Tourism development� Wildlife hunting
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
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Land Use Changes in a Nickel Mining Area
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
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Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis Integrates economic theory with Geographic Information Sciences (GIS).Involved interpreting and merging data and analysis across spatial and hierarchical scales. Spatial econometrics was used to tease out the relationships between geophysical features of the land with broader socio-economic and demographic trends.
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004
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Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004
Why do a habitat loss analysis?
• A business-as-usual habitat loss analysis is generated to predict future landscape change based on current trends and policies.
• To communicate the risks of the status quo.
• To identify the relative vulnerability of different habitats to degradation and human activity.
• To contribute towards the design of a spatially explicit conservation plan that minimizes habitat loss risks and opportunity costs.
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Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
Source: CI/GWong & Castrence, 2004
Class Variables Scale
Land cover (=0 if primary; =1 for all other) Pixel
Geophysical features
Slope (in degrees) Elevation (in meters)Land use and land cover diversityNDVI change from 1987 to 1998
Pixel
Demographic Population density Population growth (1995 – 2000)
Projected pop’n growth (2000 – 2005 )
Brgy
Access costs Distance to nearest roadDistance to nearest town
Pixel
Socio-economic
Per capita income (in PhP)Human Development Index (HDI)
Municipal
Policy Presence of tenurial rights (Tenure = 1 if clear tenure exists, such as CADCs and CBFMAs; = 0 otherwise)
Pixel
Variables used in the risk of habitat loss analysis
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Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
Potential impacts on biodiversity!
Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004
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Risk of Forest Habitat Loss Analysis
Palawan Corridor Planning:Economic/Threats Assessment
Forests under high risks, by municipality
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Bataraza BrookesPoint
Española Quezon Rizal
Ha
SecondaryPrimary
Risk of Habitat Loss, by Forest Type (%)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Primary Secondary
High risk
Medium risk
Low risk
Source: CI/Gwong & Castrence, 2004
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Palawan Corridor Strategy
� Awareness campaign
� Biodiversity research & monitoring
� Watershed/protected area management
� Law enforcement
� Linking human well-being & biodiversity conservation
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Priority Site:
Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
. . . a new protected area (2004 to present)
. . . 126,000 hectares
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One of the 10 sites of the Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) in the Philippines;
One of the 11 important bird areas in Palawan;
One of the 17 terrestrial key biodiversity areas (KBA) in Palawan;
The largely forested mountain range covers several critical watersheds that are extremely valuable to lowland agricultural economy.
The large expanse of forest also plays a macro-climatic function by acting as a significant carbon sink.
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Location: South of Palawan Province, Philippines
5 Municipalities covered: Bataraza, Brooks Point, Quezon, Rizal, Sofronio Espanola
Population: at least 3,000 HHof indigenous Palaw’an
Key Species: Palawan soft-furred mountain rat (Palawanomys furvus), Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), Palawan striped-babbler (Stachyris hypogrammica)
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Legal Requirements
1 Compilation of maps & technical descriptions
2 Initial screening3 Public notifications4 Initial consultation5 Census & registration of PA
occupants6 Resource profiling7 Initial Protected Area Plan8 Public hearings
9 Regional review & recommendations
10 National review & recommendations11 Presidential Proclamation
12 Congressional action13 Demarcation
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Use Value (Php) Valuation Approach
Timber 24,357,190,909 Opportunity cost
Carbon Sequestration 12,059,604,347 Benefits transfer
Soil Conservation 1 43,068,093 Replacement cost
Water and Biodiversity 64,156,435 Contingent valuation
Direct use of IPs*
TOTAL 36,624,019,784
RESOURCEVALUATION
(Focus on Use Values)• Direct use values
TimberNTFPsUse of land for agroforestryWater
• Indirect use valuesCarbon sequestrationSoil conservationBiodiversity
*to be estimated
Summary of the economic values of Mt. Mantalingahan Range(present value, i=10%)
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Method
Suitability assessment of existing and proposed land-useso Suitability – compatibility to site
quality (i.e., slope)o Suitability – onsite and offsite
impacts (streamflows and soil erosion)
o Suitability – consistency with legal framework (i.e., legal classification of the land)
o Suitability – in terms of financial viability
� Assess optimality of existing and planned land-uses
� Estimate minimum requirements to conserve water, soil and biodiversity
� Recommend strategies to achieve right mix of development and conservation uses
� Facilitate update of municipal land use plans
� Provide inputs to the protected area management plan
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
LAND-USE ANALYSIS
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LAND-USE ANALYSIS
Levels and Scales of Assessment
� Landscape
� Watershed• micro watersheds (<1000 ha)• 21 small watersheds (1000 to 10K ha)• 10 medium watersheds (10K to 50K ha)
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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WatershedTotal Area of Watershed
(ha)
TOTAL EROSION (tons/ha) inside the Mt. Mantalingahan RangeCurrent Land Use ECAN 250-Recession 500-m Recession 750-m Recession
Total USLE Erosion ton/ha Total USLE Erosion
ton/ha Total USLE Erosion ton/ha Total USLE Erosion
ton/ha Total USLE Erosion ton/ha
Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40 12919.6 1.9 13026.1 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13087.8 1.9 13037.7 1.9Babanga River 1564.42 11582.5 7.4 11583.1 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.2 7.4 11583.3 7.4Barong-barong River 6079.11 6171.4 1.0 3115.6 0.5 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0 6172.5 1.0Bono-bono River 1326.23 7422.5 5.6 4395.1 3.3 3687.5 2.8 4228.0 3.2 7422.5 5.6Bulalacao River 2510.68 10135.4 4.0 8691.8 3.5 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0 10135.4 4.0Buligay River 4800.61 17955.6 3.7 16140.6 3.4 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7 17956.4 3.7Candawaga River 7914.09 53135.8 6.7 51811.3 6.5 53134.8 6.7 53134.8 6.7 53171.8 6.7Culasian River 10791.75 53576.9 5.0 53561.8 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53579.2 5.0 53578.7 5.0Idyok River 951.10 1136.9 1.2 1138.8 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1139.2 1.2 1138.8 1.2Ilog River 10809.76 34503.9 3.2 34675.4 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34677.2 3.2 34737.1 3.2Inogbong River 3347.05 14064.4 4.2 9506.2 2.8 10759.7 3.2 14363.9 4.3 14126.0 4.2Iraan River 18356.83 46615.8 2.5 45774.7 2.5 46615.4 2.5 46618.5 2.5 46625.5 2.5Iwahig River 17834.89 133357.6 7.5 126537.1 7.1 91342.9 5.1 94036.8 5.3 133376.3 7.5Kinlugan River 6999.88 33106.8 4.7 33218.4 4.7 33269.8 4.8 33275.5 4.8 33236.0 4.7Labog River 5365.92 44376.4 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44611.2 8.3 44654.8 8.3Lamikan River 15778.33 53632.6 3.4 53282.2 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53600.6 3.4 53632.6 3.4Malambunga River 14512.93 58024.0 4.0 57879.7 4.0 57879.8 4.0 57879.8 4.0 58024.0 4.0Mambalot-Pilantropia River 12363.42 16175.6 1.3 9757.1 0.8 16192.4 1.3 16192.4 1.3 16192.5 1.3Marangas River 4840.48 24817.2 5.1 2302.8 0.5 24426.4 5.0 24818.2 5.1 24818.5 5.1Panalingaan River 7107.03 53114.2 7.5 53119.4 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53124.7 7.5 53128.7 7.5Panitian River QZ 17903.02 92247.9 5.2 92229.2 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92230.1 5.2 92267.7 5.2Pulot River 18192.31 43720.9 2.4 43836.3 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43848.4 2.4 43843.2 2.4Ransang River 8915.92 59431.7 6.7 59720.4 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59720.5 6.7 59752.5 6.7Salogon River 2492.34 21979.0 8.8 16769.8 6.7 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8 21979.7 8.8Samare±ana River 7065.58 36449.8 5.2 28658.9 4.1 36472.2 5.2 36472.2 5.2 36472.8 5.2Saraza River 3836.27 19646.2 5.1 16380.8 4.3 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1 19647.7 5.1Summerumsum River 3193.47 28998.6 9.1 28997.7 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.1 9.1 28999.3 9.1Tagbuaya River 7251.98 38889.2 5.4 38849.9 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38949.0 5.4 38905.4 5.4Tagusao River 5658.74 31632.2 5.6 31595.2 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31595.6 5.6 31632.4 5.6Tarusan River 2811.51 16283.0 5.8 16120.3 5.7 16285.0 5.8 16285.0 5.8 16283.3 5.8Tasay River 2668.48 9315.8 3.5 7387.0 2.8 9314.4 3.5 9314.4 3.5 9315.8 3.5Tigaplan River 17248.77 51405.7 3.0 31027.6 1.8 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0 51408.0 3.0Unnamed River 113.39 1459.3 12.9 890.2 7.9 1495.4 13.2 1460.9 12.9 3990.1 35.2
242962.77 1137284.5 1046591.6 1088921.2 1096126.1 1141246.9
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Initial Results
Land Use Change 1998-2006
� Old growth forests being lost to open canopy and cultivation
� Residual forest being lost to cultivation
� 30% of brushland converted to cultivation
� Mangrove being lost to fishpond development
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
Watershed
Total Area of
Watershed (ha)
Total Erosion
(ton)
Streamflow (MCM)
Aplian-Caramay River 6896.40Babanga River 1564.42Barong-barong River 6079.11Bono-bono River 1326.23Bulalacao River 2510.68Buligay River 4800.61Candawaga River 7914.09Culasian River 10791.75Idyok River 951.10Ilog River 10809.76Inogbong River 3347.05Iraan River 18356.83Iwahig River 17834.89Kinlugan River 6999.88Labog River 5365.92Lamikan River 15778.33Malambunga River 14512.93Mambalot-Pilantropia River 12363.42Marangas River 4840.48Panalingaan River 7107.03Panitian River QZ 17903.02Pulot River 18192.31Ransang River 8915.92Salogon River 2492.34Samare±ana River 7065.58Saraza River 3836.27Summerumsum River 3193.47Tagbuaya River 7251.98Tagusao River 5658.74Tarusan River 2811.51Tasay River 2668.48Tigaplan River 17248.77Unnamed River 113.39
TOTAL 257502.69
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Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Other Ongoing Activities• Capacity strengthening of PA management body• Management plan formulation
o Design of sustainable financing schemeo Design of tools for PA monitoring and adaptive
management
• Management plan implementation• Other relevant further technical assistance
Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
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Site Outcome: Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape
18%
�30%
+ Mt. Mantalingahan . . .Sites with formal recognition as protected area
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More positive outcomes in 2008 and beyond!
maraming salamat po