Download - PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)
![Page 1: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PACER Summer ProgramHigh-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment
(HATPaC)
Johnte Bass, Herman Neal, Matthew WareJohnte Bass, Herman Neal, Matthew Ware
![Page 2: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mission Goal
Investigate the temperature, pressure, Investigate the temperature, pressure, density and clarity as a function of altitude density and clarity as a function of altitude up to about 100,000 feet in order to study up to about 100,000 feet in order to study layering in Earth’s lower atmosphere. layering in Earth’s lower atmosphere.
![Page 3: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Science Background The payload will ascend through the
troposphere, the tropopause, and into the stratosphere to the upper boundary of the ozone maximum.
This figure represents a typical temperature profile of the layers of the atmosphere. However, the specific profile depends on location, particularly the latitude. There is also a seasonal variation with the tropopause at higher altitudes in summer at latitudes smaller than 60°.
The HATPaC experiment will measure the profile over East Central Texas (35° latitude) in midsummer.
![Page 4: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Science Background (continued) The tropopause is characterized
by a region several kilometers thick where the temperature is relatively constant. High altitude sounding measurements indicates that temperature over 2 km altitude range varies 3 °C or less.
This figure shows the pressure and density profiles as determined by the NRLMSISE Standard Atmosphere Model.
The atmosphere may be considered as an ideal gas. The ideal gas law may be used to calculate the density from measurements of pressure and temperature: = MP/RT.
![Page 5: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Science Objectives1.1. Identify the zones of the Earth’s lower atmosphere.Identify the zones of the Earth’s lower atmosphere.2.2. Determine the altitude of the tropopause.Determine the altitude of the tropopause.3.3. Develop a temperature profile of the atmosphere.Develop a temperature profile of the atmosphere.4.4. Develop a pressure profile of the atmosphere.Develop a pressure profile of the atmosphere.5.5. Develop a density profile of the atmosphere.Develop a density profile of the atmosphere.6.6. Qualitatively evaluate atmospheric clarity as altitude Qualitatively evaluate atmospheric clarity as altitude
varies.varies.7.7. Compare accepted models of the atmosphere to Compare accepted models of the atmosphere to
measurements.measurements.8.8. PresentPresent findings findings
![Page 6: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Science Requirements
Make measurements every 15 seconds.Make measurements every 15 seconds. Calculate density within 5% uncertainty which includes:Calculate density within 5% uncertainty which includes:
Measure temperature to within 1 °C (0.5% at the tropopause).
Measure pressure to which 1 mbar (5% at the tropopause).
Determine the altitude to within 100 meters. Take photographs during ascent and descent every 15
seconds up to an altitude of 100,000 feet.
![Page 7: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Technical Objectives1.1. Build and fly a payload and retrieve the data.Build and fly a payload and retrieve the data.2.2. Measure temperature over the range -80 ˚C ≤ Measure temperature over the range -80 ˚C ≤ TT ≤ 40 ˚C. ≤ 40 ˚C.3.3. Measure pressure over the range 5 mbar ≤ Measure pressure over the range 5 mbar ≤ PP ≤ 1000 mbar. ≤ 1000 mbar.4.4. Calculate the atmospheric density using the ideal gas law.Calculate the atmospheric density using the ideal gas law.5.5. Take photographs of the external environment using two onboard Take photographs of the external environment using two onboard
cameras for the duration of the flight. The two cameras will provide an cameras for the duration of the flight. The two cameras will provide an overlapping field of view from 10˚ above the horizon to 60˚ below the overlapping field of view from 10˚ above the horizon to 60˚ below the horizon.horizon.
6.6. Store thermodynamic data in memory contained within the payload Store thermodynamic data in memory contained within the payload control computer and photographic images in flash memory within the control computer and photographic images in flash memory within the cameras.cameras.
7.7. Correlate payload data with mission telemetry data to determine the Correlate payload data with mission telemetry data to determine the altitude of each measurement.altitude of each measurement.
![Page 8: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Technical Requirements Payload must remain intact from launch to recovery.Payload must remain intact from launch to recovery. Power system must operate over the temperature range -80 °C ≤ Power system must operate over the temperature range -80 °C ≤ TT ≤ 40 °C with ≤ 40 °C with
the capacity to power the BalloonSat, sensors, and data archive for the duration of the capacity to power the BalloonSat, sensors, and data archive for the duration of the flight.the flight.
Temperature sensor able to measure over the range -80 °C ≤ Temperature sensor able to measure over the range -80 °C ≤ TT ≤ 40 °C. ≤ 40 °C. Pressure sensor able to measure over the range 5 mbar ≤ Pressure sensor able to measure over the range 5 mbar ≤ PP ≤ 1000 mbar. ≤ 1000 mbar. Camera able to operate over the temperature range -80 °C ≤ Camera able to operate over the temperature range -80 °C ≤ TT ≤ 40 °C and ≤ 40 °C and
pressure range 5 mbar ≤ pressure range 5 mbar ≤ PP ≤ 1000 mbar. ≤ 1000 mbar. Record time to 15 second accuracy.Record time to 15 second accuracy. Data archive system with the capacity to store measurements by the sensors and Data archive system with the capacity to store measurements by the sensors and
real time clock for the duration of the flight (approximately 750 data records)real time clock for the duration of the flight (approximately 750 data records) Photograph storage media with the capacity to store about 1500 1.3 megapixel Photograph storage media with the capacity to store about 1500 1.3 megapixel
(1600 (1600 1200 pixels) images. 1200 pixels) images. Ground system which can download, analyze, and graphically display payload Ground system which can download, analyze, and graphically display payload
measurements.measurements.
![Page 9: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sensor Subsystem Schematic
![Page 10: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Power Subsystem Schematic
![Page 11: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data Storage Format
Name Bytes
Sequence No. 2
Hour 1
Minute 1
Seconds 1
Temperature Outside1 1
Temperature Outside2 1
Temperature Inside 1
Pressure 1
![Page 12: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Flight Software Flow Chart
Readoutside
temperature
ReadDate
Incrementsequence #
Store EEPROMaddress in RAM
on RTC
B
Write values toEEPROM and
increment addr.after each write
ReadHour
ReadMinute
ReadSecond
ReadPressure
Read insidetemperature
B
NO
YES
Wait fortime slot
Takepictures
Store hoursand minutes
in RAM
Elapsedtime >4hrs?
Tests if 10addrs. inEEPROM
=FF
A
A
Power upcamera
Verify RTC
Initializevariables
Define I/Opins
Initializesequence #
Tests if 10addrs. inEEPROM
=FF
Start
NO
YES
Read RTCRAM formagic #
Get launch timeand calculateelapsed time
InitializeEEPROMaddress
YES
NO
![Page 13: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Payload Construction
The Pacer payload is constructed using a material The Pacer payload is constructed using a material called Foamular.called Foamular.
This type of material can withstand extreme This type of material can withstand extreme temperatures, pressure and shock from the landing temperatures, pressure and shock from the landing of the payload.of the payload.
The material that will reinforce the payload is silver The material that will reinforce the payload is silver mylar which can withstand cold temperatures and mylar which can withstand cold temperatures and also work as a good insulator.also work as a good insulator.
The plywood that the camera are on is stuck The plywood that the camera are on is stuck together with the cameras using Gorilla Glue. together with the cameras using Gorilla Glue.
![Page 14: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mechanical Design
Closed Capsule (Right Side View)Closed Capsule (Right Side View)
Closed Capsule (Left Side View)Closed Capsule (Left Side View)
![Page 15: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mechanical Design (continued)
Lid (Top View)Lid (Top View)
Lid (Side View)Lid (Side View)
![Page 16: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mechanical Design (continued)
Capsule Interior w/o BalloonSatCapsule Interior w/o BalloonSat
Capsule Interior w/BalloonSatCapsule Interior w/BalloonSat
![Page 17: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thermal Test
![Page 18: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Shock Test
![Page 19: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Power BudgetComponentComponent Voltage (V)Voltage (V) Current (mA)Current (mA) Power (mW)Power (mW) Duty Cycle (%)Duty Cycle (%)
BalloonSatBalloonSat
SubsystemSubsystem
8–128–12 6060 720720 100100
Data ArchiveData Archive On BalloonSatOn BalloonSat On BalloonSatOn BalloonSat On BalloonSatOn BalloonSat 100100
Temperature Temperature SensorsSensors
8–128–12 88 9696 100100
Pressure SensorPressure Sensor 8–128–12 5 5 6060 100100
RelaysRelays 55 2424 120120 33
Cameras-idlingCameras-idling
(each camera)(each camera)
22 200200 400400 8585
Cameras-during Cameras-during exposureexposure
(each camera)(each camera)
22 320320 640640 1515
![Page 20: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Weight Budget
ComponentsComponents Weight (grams)Weight (grams)
CaseCase 172172
Two Exterior Temperature SensorsTwo Exterior Temperature Sensors 1111
Pressure SensorPressure Sensor Included on DaughtercardIncluded on Daughtercard
Batteries for CameraBatteries for Camera 8787
Batteries for BalloonSatBatteries for BalloonSat 8585
Two CamerasTwo Cameras 7373
Power ConnectorsPower Connectors 88
BalloonSat and DaughtercardBalloonSat and Daughtercard 149149
TotalTotal 585585
![Page 21: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pacer Flight Pressure vs. Altitude
![Page 22: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Pressure Sounding Profile
![Page 23: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pressure Profile
![Page 24: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Temperature Sounding Data
![Page 25: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Inside Temperature Profile
![Page 26: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Outside Temperature Profile
![Page 27: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Temperature Sensor Comparison
![Page 28: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Density Profile
![Page 29: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
At Peak
![Page 31: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Retrieval
![Page 32: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PACER HATPaC Flight Badge Combination of the US Army Combination of the US Army
93rd Infantry Division patch 93rd Infantry Division patch and GSU logo.and GSU logo.
The 93rd was to fight in World The 93rd was to fight in World War I, but was sent to France to War I, but was sent to France to help the French Army.help the French Army.
The object covering the GSU The object covering the GSU logo is the French steel helmet.logo is the French steel helmet.
The 93rd’s Division badge has The 93rd’s Division badge has the same colors as GSU. the same colors as GSU. Herman Neal is an US Army Herman Neal is an US Army veteran. Dr. Ware’s father veteran. Dr. Ware’s father served in the Infantry in France served in the Infantry in France during World War I.during World War I.
![Page 33: PACER Summer Program High-Altitude Thermodynamics Profile and Clarity Experiment ( HATPaC)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56815435550346895dc2367a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Acknowledgements
PACERPACER LaSPACE, the Louisiana Space Grant ConsortiumLaSPACE, the Louisiana Space Grant Consortium National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation NASA Columbia Scientific Balloon FacilityNASA Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility Louisiana State University-Baton RougeLouisiana State University-Baton Rouge