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E R I C W I S E M A N , P H . D . V A T E C H D E P T . O F F O R E S T R E S O U R C E S & E N V . C O N S .
INTRO TO URBAN & COMMUNITY FORESTRY
[email protected] 540-231-5148
http://urbanforestry.frec.vt.edu
May 19, 2014
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Nationwide
• 3.8 billion trees in urban areas
• 74.4 billion trees in metropolitan areas
• ¼ of nation’s total tree canopy cover
Naturally occurring and planted trees found in and around areas of
dense human settlement
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Street Trees
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Park Trees
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Plaza Trees
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Riparian Buffers & Greenways
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WHAT IS AN URBAN FOREST?
Residential Commercial
Industrial Undeveloped
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WHAT IS A COMMUNITY FOREST?
A predominantly natural forest conserved and managed by local citizens for a range of collectively determined goods and services
The City of Arcata Community Forest Barnum Tract is a community forest
located in Northern California
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WHAT IS URBAN & COMMUNITY FORESTRY?
Policy, planning, and management of trees and forests in urbanized areas to
sustain natural and human environments
Goals • Maximize benefits
• Minimize costs • Minimize risks
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WHAT MAKES AN URBAN FOREST “TICK”?
Natural Factors Physiography
Climate Soils Biota
Anthropic Factors Land Use
Infrastructure Disturbance
Pollution
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WHAT MAKES AN URBAN FOREST “TICK”?
Extent • Amount of urban tree canopy (UTC) • UTC distribution, connectivity, and patch size • Tree count and density (stocking)
Location • Land use • Land ownership • Tree placement in the landscape
Composition • Spp. richness, relative abundance, & relative importance • Tree size and age distribution • Tree condition and maintenance history
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WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF URBAN FORESTS?
Benefits • Environmental benefits • Social benefits • Economic benefits
Costs • Direct costs of tree management • Indirect costs of liability, nuisances, and mitigation • Opportunity costs of foregone civic activities
Valuation • Net benefits • Benefit-cost ratio • Structural replacement value
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
Urban Forest Sustainability
The Forest
Resource
The Community Framework
Resource Management
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
Resource Assessment
Management Goals
Management Plans
Feedback
What Do We Have?
What Do We Want?
How Do We Get There?
Are We There Yet?
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
Envision the Urban Forest
Assess Natural and
Social Resources
Define Goals
Prescribe Strategies
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
Urban Forest Information
Environmental Information
Green Space Information
Socio-Cultural Information
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
Types of Tree Inventories • Complete Inventory (Census)
• Entire tree population • Resource intensive • Use: Comprehensive maintenance
• Partial Inventory (Sub-Census) • Critical portion of tree population • Limited inference space • Use: Prioritized maintenance
• Sample Inventory (Survey) • Representative portion of population • Statistical considerations • Use: Planning and education
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HOW DO WE CREATE HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
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WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES TO HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
• Many challenges are the result of human interactions with the environment
• Addressing challenges requires regional cooperation and public-private partnerships
• Challenges include:
- Pollution
- Climate change
- Severe weather
- Wildfire
- Insects & diseases
- Invasive plants
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WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES TO HIGH-VALUE, SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORESTS?
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2. • Issues include:
- Lack of funding
- Lack of planning
- Lack of expertise
- Lack of cooperation
- Limited scope
- Inconsistent management
approaches
• Many challenges are the result of human interactions with the environment
• Addressing challenges requires regional cooperation and public-private partnerships