Overview of the 2005Overview of the 2005Montreal Urban Snow Experiment Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE-2005)(MUSE-2005)
Mario BenjaminBruno HarveyFrédéric ChagnonGilles MorneauJocelyn MailhotStéphane BélairAude Lemonsu
CRTI Urban Canyon Project (0093RD) Annual Meeting – Dorval – August 24-25 2005.
Meteorological Service of Canada
Objectives
• Document the evolution of surface characteristics and energy budgets in a dense urban area during the winter-spring transition– Evolution of snow cover from ~100% to 0% in an urban
environment– Impact of snow on the surface energy and water budgets– Quantify anthropogenic fluxes in late winter and spring conditions
• Evaluate TEB in reproducing the surface characteristics and budgets in these conditions
• Gain expertise in urban measurements• Prepare for a wider effort to be submitted to CFCAS
Acknowledgements
• Prof Sue Grimmond, Indiana University• Prof Tim R. Oke, University of British Columbia• Prof James A. Voogt, University of Western
Ontario• Sarah M. Roberts
• This project was funded by CBRN Research and Technology Initiative as project # 02-0093RD
Selection of the site
• Selection of Montreal– Large city with significant accumulation
of snow (2.14 m/year)– Representative of Eastern Canada
winter climate– Availability of technical staff– Meso-scale surface meteorological
network– Wind profiler, RASS, McGill weather
radar
• Residential location seeked– Horizontal homogeneity, two and
three-storey attached buildings– Away from tall buildings and trees,
rivers, mountains, parks
• Easy and safe access to the site
N
1 km1 km
Selection of the site
Incoming and outgoing radiation
CNR1 radiometer Kipp & Zonen
Radiative surface temperatures
IR camera in heated case
Turbulent fluxes by eddy covariance 10Hz
3D sonic anemometer CSAT3
H2O/CO2 analyzer Li-Cor 7500
Fine wire thermocouple ASPTC
Air temperature and humidity in canyons
Radiative temperature of walls
Continuous measurements17 March to 14 April 2005
20 m tower
Intensive observation periods
• Clear skies and southwest winds• Four 26-hour IOPs (March 17-18, 22-23, 30-31, April 5-6)
• Measurements:– Hourly radiative surface temperatures using IR
thermometer– Albedo (5 daytime measurements)– Snow depth and density (5 daytime measurements)– Pictures to document snow cover, snow melt, wet
fraction
Radiative temperatures and roof snow fraction from IR camera
18 March 2005 19 March 2005
Sidewalk
Street
Roof
Infrared temperatures
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
17/03
12:00
17/03
18:00
18/03
0:00
18/03
6:00
18/03
12:00
18/03
18:00
19/03
0:00
19/03
6:00
19/03
12:00
Day - Hour
Infr
ared
tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Automated measurement (RayMI)
Back wall, first floor (manual)
Thermal camera - back wall
Frozen portion of the roof
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92
Unfrozen pixelsFrozen pixels
19356 pixels used by images
17 March 22 March 30 March 5 April
Alle
yS
tree
t
Evolution of snow cover
Evolution of snow depth
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
17-0
3-05
18-0
3-05
19-0
3-05
20-0
3-05
21-0
3-05
22-0
3-05
23-0
3-05
24-0
3-05
Day - Hour
Snow
dep
th (
cm)
West sidewalk of Fabre street
Alley
Front lawn
Evolution of snow density
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
17-0
3-05
18-0
3-05
19-0
3-05
20-0
3-05
21-0
3-05
22-0
3-05
23-0
3-05
24-0
3-05
Day - Hour
Spe
cifi
c de
nsit
y
West sidewalk of Fabre street
Alley
Front lawn
Radiation measurements
Turbulent fluxes
Next steps
• Complete the quality control and post-processing of the data
• Format the data into an easy-to-use database• Estimate anthropogenic heat using energy
consumption data• Evaluation of TEB• Preparation of the second phase
– Rural, suburban and urban sites
The MUSE-2005 teamProject management:Michel JeanJocelyn MailhotMario Benjamin
Station installationBruno HarveyFrédéric chagnon
IOP manual measurementsStavros AntonopoulosNajat BenboutaMario BenjaminFrédéric ChagnonOlivier GagnonBruno HarveyAude LemonsuGilles MorneauRadenko Pavlovic
Weather briefingsJean MorissetteRobert Michaud
Evaluation of TEBStéphane BélairAude LemonsuClaude Pelletier
