Download - OTREC counting-bikes&peds
We are Traffic: Creating Robust Bicycle and Pedestrian Count Programs
Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E.Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium (OTREC)
Portland State University
Overview
• Introduction
• Traffic Monitoring Programs
• Non-Motorized Count Programs
• Conclusions & Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
Why measure walking & biking?
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
• Facility design
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
• Facility design
• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
• Facility design
• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
• Economic impact
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
• Facility design
• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
• Economic impact
• Public health
Why measure walking & biking?
• Funding & policy decisions
• To show change over time
• Facility design
• Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
• Economic impact
• Public health
• Safety
How many bike and walk?
• Surveys
– National
– Regional
– Local
• Counts
– Permanent
– Short duration
TRAFFIC MONITORINGPROGRAMS
State Traffic Monitoring
Metro Count Accessed 6/13/13 http://mtehelp.tech-metrocount.com/article.aspx?key=mc5805
Commonly inductive loops
Permanent Counters
Short Duration Counters
Commonly pneumatic tubes
Colorado’s Permanent Counters
Colorado’s Short Duration Traffic Counts
CDOT OTIS Accessed 6/18/13 http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/Otis/HighwayData#/ui/0/1/criteria/~/184.667/210.864
Permanent Counter
DataAnnual Average
Daily Traffic (AADT)
Vehicle Miles
Traveled (VMT)
Short Duration Counts
Use AADT to Estimate VMT
Sum (AADT X Segment Length) over network to compute Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
COLORADO HIGHWAYS
Can we apply these methods to biking and
walking?
Compute
Annual Average
Daily Bicyclists
(AADB)
AADT for bicyclists!
Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013:
Chapter 4 for Non-motorized Traffic
NON-MOTORIZED COUNT PROGRAMS
The TMG 2013 Approach
The TMG 2013 Approach
National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project
Manual Counts:
2 hours
5 to 7pm
Tues, Wed, or Thurs in
mid-September
http://bikepeddocumentation.org/
Passive Infrared Counters
Inductive loop counters in bike lanes
Combined Bicycle and Pedestrian Continuous Counter
The TMG 2013 Approach
Permanent Count
Program
Permanent Count
Program
Geographic/Climate Zones
Urban vs. Rural
Annual Average Daily Bicyclists (AADB)
Volume
Categories
0 500 1,000
AADB
Co
nti
nu
ou
s C
ou
nt
Stat
ion
s
Medium
High
600
200
Low
Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
Permanent Count
Program
Daily Patterns
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
% o
f A
AD
B
Colorado Example (Bikes only)
Hourly Commute Pattern
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%1
2:0
0 A
M
1:0
0 A
M
2:0
0 A
M
3:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
5:0
0 A
M
6:0
0 A
M
7:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
9:0
0 A
M
10
:00
AM
11
:00
AM
12
:00
PM
1:0
0 P
M
2:0
0 P
M
3:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
5:0
0 P
M
6:0
0 P
M
7:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
9:0
0 P
M
10
:00
PM
11
:00
PM
% o
f A
AD
B
City of Boulder Example (Bikes only)
Hourly Non-commute Pattern
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0:0
0
1:0
0
2:0
0
3:0
0
4:0
0
5:0
0
6:0
0
7:0
0
8:0
0
9:0
0
10
:00
11
:00
12
:00
13
:00
14
:00
15
:00
16
:00
17
:00
18
:00
19
:00
20
:00
21
:00
22
:00
23
:00
Ave
rage
Ho
url
y V
olu
me
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Source: Pam Johnson, PSU
Permanent Count
Program
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
12 Possible groups
Commute
Non-Commute
In Between
3 Daily Patterns 2 Weekly Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
2 Annual Patterns
Commute
Non-Commute
Commute
Urban PlainsNon-commute
Mountain Non-commuteHigher
Week-ends?
Rural MtnTrail?
Weekly Pattern
Location
YesYes
NoNo
Permanent Count
Program
Factoring Method
Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily Factor
M = Monthly Factor
Factoring Method
Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily Factor
M = Monthly Factor
Monthly Factor
M = AADB
MADB
where
MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
Monthly Factor
M = AADB
MADB
where
MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
Monthly Factor
M = AADB
MADB
where
MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
= 0.5
Monthly Factor
M = AADB
MADB
where
MADB = Ave daily bike count in that month
June
= 5001,000
= 0.5
Daily counts in June are twice AADB.
Groups:
MountainNon-
Commute
Front RangeNon-
Commute Commute
January 3.90 1.54
February 3.15 2.00
March 1.26 1.23
April 2.16 1.07 1.05
May 1.04 0.75 0.93
June 0.52 0.76 0.71
July 0.42 0.76 0.82
August 0.51 0.74 0.67
September 0.71 0.76 0.78
October 1.73 0.99 1.04
November 1.46 1.36
December 2.52 2.28
Colorado Monthly Factors
Groups:
MountainNon-
Commute
Front RangeNon-
Commute Commute
January 3.90 1.54
February 3.15 2.00
March 1.26 1.23
April 2.16 1.07 1.05
May 1.04 0.75 0.93
June 0.52 0.76 0.71
July 0.42 0.76 0.82
August 0.51 0.74 0.67
September 0.71 0.76 0.78
October 1.73 0.99 1.04
November 1.46 1.36
December 2.52 2.28
Colorado Monthly Factors
Permanent Count
Program
How many counters/group?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314
Pre
cisi
on
of
Mo
nth
ly F
acto
rs
Number of Counters
Non-CommuteFactors
Commute Counters
Average
Permanent Count
Program
The TMG 2013 Approach
The TMG 2013 Approach
The TMG 2013 Approach
Short Duration
Count Program
Short Duration
Count Program
Turning Movement Counts
Segment Count
A
B
Short Duration Counters• Pedestrian
• BicycleInfraredManual
Manual Pneumatic Tube Counters
Traffic Monitoring Guide 2013 Update, Chapter 4.
Short Duration
Count Program
Potential Selection Criteria
• Variety of facility types
– On-street
– Path
• Variety of land uses
– Central business district
– Residential
– School/University
• Technology related criteria
Short Duration
Count Program
Count Duration
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0 200 400 600
Ave
rage
Ab
solu
te %
Dif
fere
nce
Count Duration (hours)
1 week
Short Duration
Count Program
Schedule Counts
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ab
solu
te %
Err
or
in A
AD
T Es
tim
ate
Month
May to October best for Colorado
The TMG 2013 Approach
Factoring Method
Adapted from Traffic Monitoring Guide
AADB = Cknown* D * M
Cknown = 24-hour count
D = Daily Factor
M = Monthly Factor
AADB
VMT for
bicycles
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
• Traffic Monitoring Guide Approach:
– Permanent Count Program
– Short Duration Count Program
– Compute AADT for Bikes and Pedestrians
On-line Guide
www.pdx.edu/ibpi/guide-to-bicycle-pedestrian-count-programs
Recommendations
• Both permanent and short duration count programs are needed.
• Continuous counters are needed!
• Prefer 1 week short count
• Short duration counts in high volume months
– summer
• Integrate bike/ped counts into traffic data for preservation and access
Balance Permanent and Short Duration Programs
PERMANENT
COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT
DURATION
COUNT
PROGRAM
Iterative Process
Iterative Process
Example
1st Year
PERMANENT
COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT
DURATION
COUNT
PROGRAM
1 Permanent Counter 20 Manual Counts
2nd Year
PERMANENT
COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT
DURATION
COUNT
PROGRAM
1 Permanent Counter 24 Automated Short Duration Sites(one week per site)
Rotate 1 counter all summer
3rd Year
PERMANENT
COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION
COUNT PROGRAM
5 Permanent Counters 48 Automated Short Duration Sites(one week per site)
Rotate 2 counters all summer
4th Year
PERMANENT
COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION COUNT
PROGRAM
6 Permanent Counters 120 Automated Short Duration Sites(one week per site)
Rotate 5 counters all summer
10th Year
PERMANENT COUNT
PROGRAM
SHORT DURATION COUNT
PROGRAM
12 Permanent Counters 720 Automated Short Duration Sites(one week per site) on 3 year rotation
Rotate 10 counters all summer on 3 year rotation
On-going Work
• Colorado, Vermont, Minnesota, Oregon, North Carolina, Washington State DOT’s are developing programs.
• TRB Bike/Ped Data Subcommittee
• FHWA to include bike/ped counts in Travel Monitoring Analysis System (TMAS)
• OTREC’s Bike/Ped Data Archive