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Osteoid osteomaOsteoid osteomaConsists of newly formed boneConsists of newly formed bone
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Clinical featuresClinical features< 30 years age< 30 years ageSevere pain relieved by Aspirin Severe pain relieved by Aspirin
but not by restbut not by restFemur and tibiaFemur and tibia
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X-rayX-rayTiny radiolucent area (nidus) Tiny radiolucent area (nidus)
{less than one cm.}{less than one cm.}Round or ovalRound or ovalSurrounded by dense boneSurrounded by dense boneThickened cortexThickened cortex
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TreatmentTreatment
Complete removalComplete removal
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Chondroma(EnchondroChondroma(Enchondroma)ma)
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Clinical featuresClinical features
Young Young Incidentally on X-rayIncidentally on X-rayPathological #Pathological #
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X-rayX-ray
Central radiolucentCentral radiolucentExpandedExpandedMetaphysisMetaphysisFlecks of calcificationFlecks of calcification
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TreatmentTreatment
Curettage and GraftCurettage and Graft
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OsteochondromaOsteochondroma(Cartilage- capped (Cartilage- capped
exostosisexostosis))
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Clinical featuresClinical features TeenageTeenage
Lump in the fast-growing ends of the long bones or Lump in the fast-growing ends of the long bones or iliac crestiliac crest
Stops enlarging at the end of the normal growth Stops enlarging at the end of the normal growth period for that bone.period for that bone.
Further enlargement after that means malignant Further enlargement after that means malignant changeschanges
Multiple lesions (Hereditary multiple exostosis)Multiple lesions (Hereditary multiple exostosis)
Solitary 1% }Solitary 1% } Multiple 6%}→MalignantMultiple 6%}→Malignant
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X-rayX-rayWell defined bony protuberance Well defined bony protuberance
from the metaphysis of lower from the metaphysis of lower femur or upper tibia or from the femur or upper tibia or from the iliac crestiliac crest
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The direction is away from the jointThe direction is away from the joint
It is continuous with the mother It is continuous with the mother bonebone
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Looks smaller than it feelsLooks smaller than it feels
The capped cartilage may calcifyThe capped cartilage may calcify
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TreatmentTreatment
ExcisionExcision
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Simple bone cyst Simple bone cyst (Solitary; Unicameral bone (Solitary; Unicameral bone
cyst)cyst)
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Clinical featuresClinical features
Child Child
Incidental finding on X-Incidental finding on X-ray(Proximal humerus OR Femur)ray(Proximal humerus OR Femur)
Pathological #Pathological #
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X-rayX-rayLarge bubble inside the Large bubble inside the
metaphysismetaphysisNever extends beyond physial Never extends beyond physial
plateplateNo expansion of the boneNo expansion of the boneMay occupy the entire May occupy the entire
metaphysismetaphysis
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TreatmentTreatment AsymptomaticAsymptomatic No treatment(Avoid injury) No treatment(Avoid injury)
Active cystActive cyst1- young child1- young child2- the cyst abutting against the physical 2- the cyst abutting against the physical
plateplate3- enlarging in sequential X-rays3- enlarging in sequential X-rays
Fluid aspiration(straw color)+ Fluid aspiration(straw color)+ injection of 80-160 methylprednisoloninjection of 80-160 methylprednisolon
If still enlarging OR pathological #If still enlarging OR pathological # Curettage + bone graftCurettage + bone graft