Download - Orientation to Communication
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Orientation to
Communication
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Latin word communis meaningcommon
communication is to establishcommonness
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Definitions of communication
Oxford English dictionary :
The imparting , conveying orexchange of ideas knowledge etc.whether by speech writing or signs.
Columbia encyclopedia :
Communication is transfer of
thoughts and messages ascontrasted with transportation. thetransfer of goods and persons.
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Charles E. Osgood
In most general sense ,we havecommunication when one system
(source) influences another(destination) by manipulation of
alternative signals , which can betransmitted over the channelsconnecting them
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Principles of communication
Stimulus response process .
Inevitable and irreversible .
Involves content and relationship.
Happens in context.
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Classification
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Extra personal Mass communication
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Forms of Communication
Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication describesthe process of conveying meaning inthe form of non-word messagesthrough e.g. gesture, body languageor posture; facial expression and eye
contact, object communication suchas clothing, hairstyles, architectureetc.
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Speech also contains nonverbalelements known as paralanguage.
Written texts include nonverbalelements .
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Visual communication
Visual communication is theconveyance of ideas and informationthrough creation of visualrepresentations.
P
rimarily associated with twodimensional images, it includes: signs ,drawing, graphic design, illustration,colors, video and TV.
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Oral communication
Oral communication, while primarily
referring to spoken verbalcommunication, typically relies onboth words, visual aids and non-verbal elements to support the
conveyance of the meaning.
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Oral communication includesdiscussion, speeches, presentations,interpersonal communication and many
other varieties.
In face to face communication the bodylanguage and voice tonality plays a
significant role and may have a greaterimpact on the listener than theintended content of the spoken words.
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when conveying emotion, if bodylanguage, tone of voice, and wordsdisagree, then body language andtone of voice will be believed morethan words.
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Written Communication
Written communication is
communication by means of writtensymbols (either printed orhandwritten) .
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Components
Source
Encoding
Message Channel
Receiver
Decoding Feedback
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Communication noise
In any communication model, noiseis interference with the decoding ofmessages sent over a channel by anencoder. There are many examplesof noise.
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Physical Noise
Physical noise is external to the
speaker and listener.
Psychological Noise
Psychological noise is mentalinterference that prevents you fromlistening.
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Physiological Noise
Physiological noise is any
physiological issue that interfereswith communication.
Semantic Noise
Semantic noise occurs when there isno shared meaning in acommunication.
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Process
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Context of Interpersonal
communication Context is the setting in which a
communication occurs , includingwhat precedes and follows what issaid.
Physical Context
Social Context
Historical context
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Psychological context
Cultural context
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Ethics Of Interpersonal
Communication Ethical communicators are truthful
and honest
They act with integrity They behave fairly
They demonstrate respect for the
ideas, opinion and feelings of others. They are responsible
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