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Organic Compounds!
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“Built” around Carbon
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons• Forms: • Single• Double• Triple bonds
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Hydrocarbons
• Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Like:
• Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but mostly C,H)
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Allotropes ( types/ forms)
• Diamond – Pyrimidal structure
• Graphite- Sheets
• Coal- Amorphus
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BuckyBalls! C60
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Carbon Nanotubes
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I like Bicycles!!!!!
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Triglycerides
• Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
• Let’s draw it like:• (note to self… really cool drawing here!)
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Saturated Fat
• The fatty acid is saturated with H
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid
• Is missing some H, results in double bonds, and a “kink” in the “tail”
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PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid
• Contain many missing H and therefore many double bonds. A very Kinky Tail
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Significance of the Fats….
• Saturated Unsaturated PolyUnsaturated
• What are some examples:
• Significance?
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Isomer
• An Isomer is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formula
• C6H12O6
• Glucose, Fructose or Galactose
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Naming Carbon Compounds
• Based on number of Carbons in the continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting the number of carbons. They are:
• 1= meth- 2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- … pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-
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Classes of Organic compounds
• 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H! (end with –ane) General formula is CnH2n+2
Examples:
Cycloalkanes: CnH2n
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• 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore will have a double bond (end with –ene)
• General formula is CnH2n
• Examples:
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• 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H total) (end with – yne)
• General formula is CnH2n-2
• Examples:
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Substituents / Functional Groups
• There are 9 major functional groups that change a “simple” molecule into a slightly more complex one. Their names and properties will change.
• We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat often.
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Alkyls
• An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an H and is attached to a larger molecule
• Examples:
• Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl hexane, 3-ethyloctane
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Halocarbons
• Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a halogen.
• CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons• Dichloro Difluro Methane• Destroy Ozone…• Used as refrigerants Freon, etc.
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Amines
• Have an amino group- NH2
• Amino Acids:• Methylamine, aminomethane:
• 1,4-diaminobutane:
• 1,5-diaminopentane:
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Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH associated with them. (end with –oic acid)
• CH3COOH• Ethanoic acid• Aka acetic acid aka vinegar!
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Alcohols
• Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol)
• Methanol , methyl alcohol• Ethanol• Propanol– Isopropanol
• 3- Octanol