Optimizing benefits from Crop Residues in Smallholder mixed systems in Africa and South
Asia: A comparison
Presentation by Diego Valbuena (ILRI) for the SLP Crop Residues Project Review and Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, 9-10 Dec 2010
A comparison…
1. Generalities
2. Cropping3. Livestock4. Crop
residues
Dinajpur (BD)Amhara (ET)
Oromia (ET)
Haryana (IN)
Rajasthan (IN)Western Kenya
Mat North (ZW)
1. Generalities: density vs. village area
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 5 10 15 20
Density (persons/ha)
Dinajpur (BD)
Amhara (ET)
Oromia (ET)
Haryana (IN)Rajasthan (IN)
Western Kenya
Mat North (ZW)
Village area (ha)
Aggr
egat
ed %
1. Generalities: services & assets
0
20
40
60
80
AmharaDinajpur Haryana Mat North
Oromia Rajasthan Western Kenya
With mobile phone
Access formal electricity
Access water (pipe)
With livestock
With land
Aggr
egat
ed %
1. Generalities: food, poverty & literacy
0
20
40
60
80
100
AmharaDinajpur Haryana Mat NorthOromia Rajasthan Western Kenya
Milk consumption
More 1 meal/day
Not receiving aid
Above poverty line
Literacy
2. Cropping: fertiliser vs. manure application
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
% hh using fertiliser
Dinajpur (BD)
Amhara (ET)
Oromia (ET)
Haryana (IN)
Rajasthan (IN)
Western Kenya
Mat North (ZW)
% h
h us
ing
man
ure
2. Cropping: intensification
0
20
40
60
80
100
Dinajpur Amhara Oromia Haryana Rajastan Western Kenya
Mat North
Thresher/Combine/Cutter use
Pesticide
Herbicide application
Chemical fertiliser use
Tractor use
Aggr
egat
ed %
2. Cropping: uses of crop 1%
late
r sal
e
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
% human consumption
Dinajpur (BD): rice
Amhara (ET): teff
Oromia (ET): most teff
Haryana (IN): rice
Rajasthan (IN): maize
Western Kenya: maizeMat North (ZW): maize
0
60
120
180
AmharaDinajpur Haryana Mat North
Oromia Rajasthan Western Kenya
DonkeyCamelGoatSheepBuffaloCrossbred cattleIndigenous cattle
% h
h3. Livestock: households with animals
3. Livestock: households with animals
.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
0 400 800 1,200 1,600 2,000
TLU
TLU
/ha
Dinajpur (BD)
Amhara (ET)
Oromia (ET)
Haryana (IN)Rajasthan (IN)
Western Kenya
Mat North (ZW)
3. Livestock: feed shortage(total months)
0
3
6
9Amhara
Dinajpur
Haryana
Mat NorthOromia
Rajasthan
Western Kenya
Dry fodderGreen fodderGrazing
Feed type
3. Livestock: use of dung
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AmharaDinajpur Haryana Mat North
Oromia Rajasthan Western Kenya
Not usedOtherSoldManureFuel
Aggr
egat
ed %
4. CR: relative uses
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Dinajpur Amhara Oromia Haryana Rajasthan Western Kenya
Mat North
OthersFuelSold Stall feedGrazed by other animalsGrazed own animals
Mulch
Aggr
egat
ed
Trends
D A O H R WK MN
-8
-4
0
4
8
D A O H R WK MN
-7
-2
3
8
D A O H R WK MN-5
0
5
10
15
D A O H R WK MN-5
0
5
10
15
D A O H R WK MN-5
0
5
10
0
20
40
60
80Left soil
Burnt
Collected by others
Stall feeding
Fuel
Construction
Dealt
Grazed
Grazed
Mulch & co
Stall feed
Mixed
Clusters
4. CR: exploration & clustering
D A O H R WK MN0
5
10
15
Grazed
D A O H R WK MN0
5
10
15
20
Mixed
D A O H R WK MN0
5
10
15
20
Stall feed
D A O H R WK MN0
5
10
15
Mulch & co
No
Crop
s
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Grazed Mulch & co Stall feed Mixed
OthersWheatTeffSorghumRiceMaize
Clusters
Prop
ortio
n4. CR: exploration & clustering
4. CR: exploration - maize
Amhara
Dinajpur
Mat North
Oromia
Rajasthan
Western Kenya
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Grazed
Mulch & co
Stall feed
Mixed
GrazedMulch & coStall feedMixed
No Crops
Clusters
4. CR: exploration - wheat
Dinajpur
Haryana
Rajasthan
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Grazed
Mulch & co
Stall feed
Mixed
GrazedMulch & coStall feedMixed
No
Crop
s
Clusters
But also: income + wealth groups
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
W M P W M P W M P W M P W M P W M P W M P
Dinahpur Amhara Oromia Haryana Rajasthan Western Kenya
Mat North
RemittancesBusinessReg employmentNon agri labourAgri labourOther farmLivestockCrops
Aggr
egat
ed %
Source
Cool… So?
• Although compared sites can very diverse, similarities exits.
• Diversity is across regions, countries, sites and villages.
• This diversity influences CR management in mixed systems.
• Differences in CR management includes both time and space.
• Yet, there is an overall increase of the use of CR as feed.
• When CR is left in the soil, there is either an excess of biomass or lack of labour, combine with low palatability.