Download - Optimising irrigation requirements of boro rice through timely sowing and short-duration varieties
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Op#mising irriga#on requirement of boro rice through #mely sowing and short dura#on varie#es
ICAR-‐Central Soil Salinity Research Ins#tute (CSSRI)
RRS, Canning Town, India Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone
21 -‐23 October, 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Sukanta K. Sarangi, D. Burman, S. Mandal, B. Maji, Elizabeth Humphreys, To Phuc Tuong, B. K. Bandyopadhyay and D. K. Sharma
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Agro-‐climaCc zones of WB
N
E
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Holding Size in Coastal Zone (%)
District Marginal (< 1ha)
Small (1-‐2 ha)
Semi-‐medium (2-‐<4 ha)
Medium (4-‐<10 ha)
Large (>10 ha)
North 24 Parganas 88 9 2 0.1 <0.1 South 24 Parganas 86 12 1 0.1 Neg East Midnapur 93 6 0.7 <0.1 Neg
Howrah 94 5 0.4 <0.1 Neg Mean (coastal zone)
90 8 1 <0.1 Neg
Mean (non-‐coastal zone)
78 16 5 0.5 <0.1
Neg = negligible
Marginal farmers dominate the coastal zone of West Bengal
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Site Net Cropped Area
Boro area
Boro area % of NCA
Coastal N24 P 62 11 18
Coastal S24 P 232 25 11
North 24 P 257 95 37 South 24 P 374 70 19
Source: District Agriculture Plan North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas, 2010-‐11
Boro Area (000’ ha) in the target sites
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Rice Produc#vity (t ha-‐1): Boro vs Aman
Block/District/ State
Salt-‐affected area*
Boro Aman
Gosaba 100 2.1 1.6
Sandeshkhali 100 2.8 2.0
South 24 Parganas 92 3.0 2.2
North 24 Parganas 58 3.3 2.8
West Bengal 14 4.1 3.6
* % of cul#vable area
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• Rice is essen#al for food security • Irriga#on source is confined aquifer • Source is finite, scarcity of water • U#liza#on is likely to increase
Need & Scope for Op#mising Irriga#on Requirement for Boro
Scope
Possibility
Low Medium High
Method of Irriga#on √
Establishment method √
Alterna#ve source √
Op#mising sowing date √
Short dura#on variety √
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Month
Season Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Aman
Boro
Present Rice Cropping Calendar
Month
Season Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Aman
Boro
With introduc#on of short dura#on varie#es (<10 days ) and advancing boro nursery sowing (15-‐20 days)
>150 days
135 -‐140days
Suggested Rice Cropping Calendar
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Experimental Design and Treatments Nursery Seeding Date D1: Early seeding (First week of November) D2: Normal seeding/Farmers’ pracCce (Last week of Nov) Varie#es/Lines (Replicated thrice in RBD) BRRI dhan 47 BRRI dhan 53 BRRI dhan 55 BINA dhan 8 CSR 34 CSR 22 IR 10206-‐29-‐2-‐1-‐1 CSRC (S) 50-‐2-‐1-‐1-‐4-‐B
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Irriga#on required for Land Soaking and Puddling
• Early land preparation in December required 16 cm less irrigation water than in January
0 5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Early Land PreparaCon (First week of December)
Late Land PreparaCon (First week of January)
Irriga#
on water (cm)
21.6 cm
37.7cm
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Soil is weler at #me of land prepara#on for early sowing, reducing irriga#on requirement
Deposi#on of salts and crack forma#on in January
Residual soil moisture in December
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Number of irriga#on required for Boro from transplan#ng to maturity
• Early sown boro required 5 irriga#ons less than late sown • Shorter dura#on varie#es required 4-‐5 fewer irriga#ons than longer
0
5
10
15
20
25
Num
ber o
f irriga#
ons
Early Sowing (1st Week of Nov.) Late Sowing (Last Week of Nov.)
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Nov/13 Dec/13 Jan/14 Feb/14 Mar/14 Apr/14 May/14
EvaporaCon Max. Air temp. Min. Air temp.
Weather becomes drier with progress of Boro season
Air tem
perature (0C)
Evap
ora#
on (m
m day
-‐1)
Early sowing Normal sowing
Early Land prepara#on
Normal Land prepara#on
Flowering in Early Sowing
Flowering in Normal Sowing
Early Harvest Normal Harvest
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0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180
Total irriga#
on water (cm)
Early sowing Late sowing
Total Depth of Irriga#on Required for Boro (mean of 2 years)
• BRRI dhan 55 required significantly less water than all others with early sowing
• Early sown crop required 20 cm lesser water than late sowing
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105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145
Maturity
Dura#
on (D
ays) Early sowing Late sowing
Maturity dura#on of boro rice (2 year means)
• Dura#on reduced due to late sowing • Early to mature was BRRI dhan 55
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Effect of Sowing Date and Variety on Spikelet Fer#lity and Boro Rice Yield
• Spikelet fer#lity was highest in BINA dhan 8 (81-‐89%) • 7% reduc#on in spikelet fer#lity due to late sowing • Highest grain yield in BINA dhan 8, CSR 22,BRRI dhan 47 & IR 10206 • Grain yield reduced by 11% due to late sowing
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Spikelet fe
r#lity % Early sowing Late sowing
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Early Sowing Late sowing
Grain yield (t ha-‐
1 )
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Variety Early seeding Normal seeding BRRI dhan 47 47 37 BINA dhan 8 46 40 IR 10206-‐29-‐2-‐1-‐1 45 37 CSRC(S) 50-‐2-‐1-‐1-‐4-‐B 35 25 Means 42 34 LSD (P=0.05) 1.5 1.3
Irriga#on Water Produc#vity (kg ha-‐1 cm-‐1)
• Early sown boro has higher WP
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
20 30 40 50
Grain Yield (t ha-‐
1 )
Water Produc#vity (kg ha-‐1 cm-‐1)
y = -‐12.97+ 9.74x r = 0.92
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180
20 30 40 50
Irriga#
on water (cm
)
Water Produc#vity (kg ha-‐1 cm-‐1)
y = 202.72 -‐ 1.63 x r = -‐0.87
Water Produc#vity posi#vely correlated with grain yield and nega#vely correlated with total irriga#on water input
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CONCLUSION
• Poten#al to increase yield of boro in coastal zone of West Bengal
• Shorter dura#on variety and early crop establishment reduced irriga#on water input and increased water produc#vity
• Efforts needed to ensure #mely availability of quality seeds of improved varie#es to farmers
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• G2 project on “Produc#ve, profitable, and resilient agriculture and aquaculture systems”, a project of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF)
• Financial support by the Interna#onal Rice Research Ins#tute (IRRI)
• Facili#es to conduct the experiments by the Central Soil Salinity Research Ins#tute (CSSRI)
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THANK YOU
Let us produce more crop per drop