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TEChniCaL guidE & CaTaLoguE | EnErgy CoMpEnsaTionand powEr quaLiTy MoniToring
OptImIze E n E r gy quaLiTy
1
Phase shift-energies-power ................................................................................................................................. 02 Introduction 02 Phase shift between current and voltage 02Power factor .......................................................................................................................................................... 03
Advantages ............................................................................................................................................................ 04Installing capacitors or capacitor banks ............................................................................................................... 04Power diagram ...................................................................................................................................................... 05Power factor of main receivers ............................................................................................................................. 05
Formula and example ........................................................................................................................................... 06 Formula 06 Example 06 Reactive compensation of transformers 06Capacitor power calculation table ......................................................................................................................... 07
Levels of installation ............................................................................................................................................. 08 Global installation 08 Sector installation 08 Individual installation 08Compensation of asynchronous motors ................................................................................................................ 09Protection and connection of capacitors ............................................................................................................... 10 Protection 10 Connection (cable design) 10
Compensation systems ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Fixed capacitor banks 11 Automatic capacitor banks 11Compensation types .............................................................................................................................................. 12
DefInItIOns 02
HOW tO ImprOve tHe pOWer factOr 04
HOW tO calculate tHe reactIve pOWer 06
capacItOr bank InstallatIOns 08
cOmpensatIOn systems anD types 11
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 13Detuned reactors and capacitors .......................................................................................................................... 14 Influence of harmonics on capacitors 14 Protection of capacitors 15Harmonic filters .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 16Alptec network analysers ...................................................................................................................................... 17
HarmOnIcs 13
yOur electrIcal netWOrk unDer cOntrOl 16
catalOgue pages 18
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2 3
Def
InIt
IOn
s
pOWer factOr
By definition, the power factor, or the cos ϕ, of an electrical device is equal to the ratio of the active power p (kw) over the apparent power s (kVa) and can vary from 0 to 1.
it can thus be used to identify the level of reactive energy consumption of devices easily.
• a power factor equal to 1 will result in a zero reactive energy consumption (pure resistance).
• a power factor less than 1 will result in reactive energy consumption which increases as it approaches 0 (pure inductance).
in an electrical installation, the power factor may be different from one workshop to another depending on the devices installed and the way in which they are used (offload, full-load operation, etc.).
since energy metering devices measure the active and reactive energy consumptions more easily, electrical utilities, have chosen to use the term tg ϕ on the electricity bills of its customers.
Introductionan alternating current electrical installation, including receivers such as transformers, motors, welding machines, power electronics, etc., and in particular any receiver for which the current is out-of-phase in relation to the voltage, absorbs a total energy called the apparent energy (E app).
• active energy (Ea): expressed in kilowatt hours (kwh). it can be used, after being transformed by the receiver, in the form of work or heat. This energy corresponds to the active power p (kw).
• reactive energy (Er): expressed in kilovar hours (kvarh). it is particularly used in motor and transformer windings to create the magnetic field which is essential for operation. This energy corresponds to the reactive power q (kvar). unlike the previous energy, this energy is said to be «unproductive» for the user.
pHase sHIft - energIes - pOWer
Definitions
ø
Eapp (S)Er (Q)
Ea (P)
Phase shift between current and voltage (angle )This energy, which is generally expressed in kilovoltampere-hours (kVah), corresponds to the apparent power s (kVa) and can be broken down as follows:
energies calculation
powers calculation
For a single-phase supply, the term 3 disappears
Eapp = Ea +Er
Eapp = (P)2 +(Q)2
S =P + Q
S = (P)2 +(Q)2
S = 3UI
3UQ = 3U
For three-phase supply:
tg ϕ calculation
cos =S (kVA)P (kw) Tg ϕ is the quotient between the reactive energy Er
(kvarh) and the active energy Ea (kwh) used during the same period.
unlike cos ϕ, it is easy to see that the value of tg ϕ must be as low as possible in order to have the minimum reactive energy consumption.
The relationship between Cos ϕ and tg ϕ is given by the following equation:
but a simpler method consists of referring to a conversion table (see p. 7).
tg =Ea (kWh)
Er (kvarh)
cos =1 + (tg )2
1
ø
U, I
ω t
U
I
P =
4 5
equations
HO
W t
O Im
pr
Ove
tH
e p
OW
er f
act
Or
pOWer factOr Of maIn receIvers
The receivers which consume the most reactive energy are:- low-load motors- welding machines- arc and induction furnaces- power rectifiers
a good power factor makes it possible to optimise an electrical installation and provides the following advantages:
n no billing for reactive energy
n decrease in the subscribed power in kVa
How to improve the power factor
aDvantages
a good power factor is:a high cos ϕ (close to 1) or low tg ϕ (close to 0)
improving the power factor of an electrical installation consists of giving it the means to produce a varying proportion of the reactive energy that it consumes itself.
different systems are available to produce reactive energy, particularly phase advancers and shunt capacitors (or serial capacitors for major transport networks).
The capacitor is most frequently used thanks to: • its non-consumption of active energy, • its purchasing cost, • its easy use, • its service life (approximately 10 years), • its very low maintenance (static device).
The capacitor is a receiver composed of two conducting parts (electrodes) separated by an insulator. when this receiver is subjected to a sinusoidal voltage, it shifts its current, and therefore its (capacitive reactive) power, by 90° forward the voltage.
pOWer DIagram
InstallIng capacItOrs Or capacItOr banks
AvP
AR
S2
S1
0ø2
ø1
Qc
Q1
Q2
Qc
U
q2 = q1-qc qc = q1-q2 qc = p.tg ϕ 1-p.tg ϕ 2
p: active powers1 and s2: apparent powers (before and after compensation)qc: reactive power of capacitorq1: reactive power without capacitorq2: reactive power with capacitor
* ϕ 1 phase shift without capacitor* ϕ 2 phase shift with capacitor
Qc = P(tg ϕ 1-tg ϕ 2)
receIver cOs ϕ tg ϕ
Ordinaryasynchronousmotors loaded at
0% 0.17 5.8025% 0.55 1.5250% 0.73 0.9475% 0.80 0.75
100% 0.85 0.62
Incandescent lamps approx. 1 approx. 0
fluorescent lamps approx. 0.5 approx. 1.73
Discharge lamps 0.4 to 0.6 approx. 2.29 to 1.33
resistance furnaces approx. 1 approx. 0
compensated induction furnaces approx. 0.85 approx. 0.62
Dielectric heating furnaces approx. 0.85 approx. 0.62
resistance welding machines 0.8 to 0.9 0.75 to 0.48
single-phase static arc welding stations approx. 0.5 approx. 1.73
rotating arc welding units 0.7 to 0.9 1.02 to 0.48
arc welding transformers-rectifiers 0.7 to 0.8 1.02 to 0.75
arc furnaces 0.8 0.75
thyristor power rectifiers 0.4 to 0.8 2.25 to 0.75
n limitation of active energy losses in cables thanks to the decrease in the current conveyed in the installation,
n improvement in the voltage level at the end of the line,
n additional power available at the power transformers if the compensation is performed in the secondary winding.
Conversely, all other receivers (motors, transformers, etc.) shift their reactive component (inductive reactive power or current) by 90° backward the voltage.
The vectorial composition of these (inductive or capacitive) reactive powers or currents gives a resulting reactive power or current below the existing value before the installation of capacitors.
in simpler terms, it can be said that inductive receivers (motors, transformers, etc.) consume reactive energy, while capacitors (capacitive receivers) produce reactive energy.
6 7
HO
W t
O c
alc
ula
te t
He
rea
ctIv
e p
OW
erusing the power of a receiver in kw, this table can be used to find the K coefficient in order to calculate the power of the capacitors. it also gives the equivalence between cos ϕ and tg ϕ.
capacItOr pOWer calculatIOn table
final power factor capacitor power in kvar to be installed per kW of load to raise the power factor to:
cos ϕ 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1tg ϕ 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.20 0.14 0.0
0.40 2.29 1.805 1.832 1.861 1.895 1.924 1.959 1.998 2.037 2.085 2.146 2.2880.41 2.22 1.742 1.769 1.798 1.831 1.840 1.896 1.935 1.973 2.021 2.082 2.2250.42 2.16 1.681 1.709 1.738 1.771 1.800 1.836 1.874 1.913 1.961 2.002 2.1640.43 2.10 1.624 1.651 1.680 1.713 1.742 1.778 1.816 1.855 1.903 1.964 2.1070.44 2.04 1.558 1.585 1.614 1.647 1.677 1.712 1.751 1.790 1.837 1.899 2.0410.45 1.98 1.501 1.532 1.561 1.592 1.626 1.659 1.695 1.737 1.784 1.846 1.9880.46 1.93 1.446 1.473 1.502 1.533 1.567 1.600 1.636 1.677 1.725 1.786 1.9290.47 1.88 1.397 1.425 1.454 1.485 1.519 1.532 1.588 1.629 1.677 1.758 1.8810.48 1.83 1.343 1.730 1.400 1.430 1.464 1.467 1.534 1.575 1.623 1.684 1.8260.49 1.78 1.297 1.326 1.355 1.386 1.420 1.453 1.489 1.530 1.578 1.639 1.7820.50 1.73 1.248 1.276 1.303 1.337 1.369 1.403 1.441 1.481 1.529 1.590 1.7320.51 1.69 1.202 1.230 1.257 1.291 1.323 1.357 1.395 1.435 1.483 1.544 1.6860.52 1.64 1.160 1.188 1.215 1.249 1.281 1.315 1.353 1.393 1.441 1.502 1.6440.53 1.60 1.116 1.144 1.171 1.205 1.237 1.271 1.309 1.349 1.397 1.458 1.6000.54 1.56 1.075 1.103 1.130 1.164 1.196 1.230 1.268 1.308 1.356 1.417 1.5590.55 1.52 1.035 1.063 1.090 1.124 1.156 1.190 1.228 1.268 1.316 1.377 1.5190.56 1.48 0.996 1.024 1.051 1.085 1.117 1.151 1.189 1.229 1.277 1.338 1.4800.57 1.44 0.958 0.986 1.013 1.047 1.079 1.113 1.151 1.191 1.239 1.300 1.4420.58 1.40 0.921 0.949 0.976 1.010 1.042 1.073 1.114 1.154 1.202 1.263 1.4050.59 1.37 0.884 0.912 0.939 0.973 1.005 1.039 1.077 1.117 1.165 1.226 1.3680.60 1.33 0.849 0.878 0.905 0.939 0.971 1.005 1.043 1.083 1.131 1.192 1.3340.61 1.30 0.815 0.843 0.870 0.904 0.936 0.970 1.008 1.048 1.096 1.157 1.2990.62 1.27 0.781 0.809 0.836 0.870 0.902 0.936 0.974 1.014 1.062 1.123 1.2650.63 1.23 0.749 0.777 0.804 0.838 0.870 0.904 0.942 0.982 1.030 1.091 1.2330.64 1.20 0.716 0.744 0.771 0.805 0.837 0.871 0.909 0.949 0.997 1.058 1.2000.65 1.17 0.685 0.713 0.740 0.774 0.806 0.840 0.878 0.918 0.966 1.007 1.1690.66 1.14 0.654 0.682 0.709 0.743 0.775 0.809 0.847 0.887 0.935 0.996 1.1380.67 1.11 0.624 0.652 0.679 0.713 0.745 0.779 0.817 0.857 0.905 0.966 1.1080.68 1.08 0.595 0.623 0.650 0.684 0.716 0.750 0.788 0.828 0.876 0.937 1.0790.69 1.05 0.565 0.593 0.620 0.654 0.686 0.720 0.758 0.798 0.840 0.907 1.0490.70 1.02 0.536 0.564 0.591 0.625 0.657 0.691 0.729 0.796 0.811 0.878 1.0200.71 0.99 0.508 0.536 0.563 0.597 0.629 0.663 0.701 0.741 0.783 0.850 0.9920.72 0.96 0.479 0.507 0.534 0.568 0.600 0.634 0.672 0.721 0.754 0.821 0.9630.73 0.94 0.452 0.480 0.507 0.541 0.573 0.607 0.645 0.685 0.727 0.794 0.9360.74 0.91 0.425 0.453 0.480 0.514 0.546 0.580 0.618 0.658 0.700 0.767 0.9090.75 0.88 0.398 0.426 0.453 0.487 0.519 0.553 0.591 0.631 0.673 0.740 0.8820.76 0.86 0.371 0.399 0.426 0.460 0.492 0.526 0.564 0.604 0.652 0.713 0.8550.77 0.83 0.345 0.373 0.400 0.434 0.466 0.500 0.538 0.578 0.620 0.687 0.8290.78 0.80 0.319 0.347 0.374 0.408 0.440 0.474 0.512 0.552 0.594 0.661 0.8030.79 0.78 0.292 0.320 0.347 0.381 0.413 0.447 0.485 0.525 0.567 0.634 0.7760.80 0.75 0.266 0.294 0.321 0.355 0.387 0.421 0.459 0.499 0.541 0.608 0.7500.81 0.72 0.240 0.268 0.295 0.329 0.361 0.395 0.433 0.473 0.515 0.582 0.7240.82 0.70 0.214 0.242 0.269 0.303 0.335 0.369 0.407 0.447 0.489 0.556 0.6980.83 0.67 0.188 0.216 0.243 0.277 0.309 0.343 0.381 0.421 0.463 0.530 0.6720.84 0.65 0.162 0.190 0.217 0.251 0.283 0.317 0.355 0.395 0.437 0.504 0.6450.85 0.62 0.136 0.164 0.191 0.225 0.257 0.291 0.329 0.369 0.417 0.478 0.6020.86 0.59 0.109 0.140 0.167 0.198 0.230 0.264 0.301 0.343 0.390 0.450 0.5930.87 0.57 0.083 0.114 0.141 0.172 0.204 0.238 0.275 0.317 0.364 0.424 0.5670.88 0.54 0.054 0.085 0.112 0.143 0.175 0.209 0.246 0.288 0.335 0.395 0.5380.89 0.51 0.028 0.059 0.086 0.117 0.149 0.183 0.230 0.262 0.309 0.369 0.5120.90 0.48 0.031 0.058 0.089 0.121 0.155 0.192 0.234 0.281 0.341 0.484
fOrmula anD example
How to calculate the reactive power
Formulareactive power qc required for the compensation is calculated from the active power (pkw) and the tg ϕ measured on the installation.These measurments are performed downstream the secondary of the transformer.
ExampleTake a plant powered from an 800 kVa hV / LV subscriber station which would like to change the power factor of its installation to:* Cos ϕ = 0.928 (tg ϕ = 0.4) on the primary winding* or Cos ϕ = 0.955 (tg ϕ = 0.31) on the secondary winding with the following readings:• voltage: 400 V three-phase 50 hz• p = 475 kw• Cos (secondary) = 0.75 (or tg ϕ = 0.88)
Qc (bank to be installed) = Pkw (tg ϕ measured - tg ϕ to be obtained)
= Pkw x K** K is obtained from the table page 7.
Example: 200 kW motor - cos ϕ = 0.75 - Desired cos ϕ = 0.93 - Qc = 200 x 0.487 = 98 kvar
Qc = 475 (0.88 - 0.31) # 270 kvar
To guarantee its operation, a transformer needs internal reactive energy required for the magnetisation of its windings. The table below gives a rough guide of the value of the fixed bank to be installed according to the powers and loads of the transformer. These values may change according to the technology of the device. Each manufacturer is able to give their precise values.
Reactive compensation of transformers
nominal kva transformer power
kvar power to be provided for internal transformer consumption
off-load 75% load 100% load
100 3 5 6
160 4 7,5 10
200 4 9 12
250 5 11 15
315 6 15 20
400 8 20 25
500 10 25 30
630 12 30 40
800 20 40 55
1000 25 50 70
1250 30 70 90
2000 50 100 150
2500 60 150 200
3150 90 200 250
4000 160 250 320
5000 200 300 425
When defining a reactive energy compensation installation, it is recommended to provide a fixed capacitor corresponding to the internal reactive consumption of the transformer at a 75 % load
8 9
capa
cIt
Or
ba
nk
Inst
all
atIO
ns
levels Of InstallatIOn
The table below gives a rough guide of the maximum capacitor power which can be connected directly to the terminals of an asynchronous motor without a risk of self-excitation. in any case, it will be necessary to check that the maximum capacitor current does not exceed 90% of the magnetising current (off-load) of the motor.
advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• represents the most economical solution since
all the power is concentrated at one point and the expansion coefficient makes it possible to optimise banks.• relieves the transformer.
remark:• The losses in the cables (ri2) are not reduced.
advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• relieves most of the line feeders and reduces Joule’s
heat losses (ri2) in these feeders.• incorporates the expansion of each sector.• relieves the transformer.• remains economical.
remark:• solution generally used for a very large plant
network.
advantages:• no reactive energy bill.• From a technical point of view, the ideal solution
since the reactive energy is produced in the same place as where it is consumed; therefore, the Joule’s heat losses (ri2) are reduced in all the lines.• relieves the transformer.
remark:• Most costly solution given:
- The high number of installations, - The non-incorporation of the expansion coefficient.
Sector installation
Individual installation
Global installation
cOmpensatIOn Of asyncHrOnOus mOtOrs
capacitor bank installations
Iƒ qc ≤ 90% Io 3 u
C.1
Qc
M3±
Supply
Iƒ qc > 90% Io 3 u
C1
C2
Qc
M3±
Supply
Io: Off-load current of motorU: Network voltage
M M M M
M M M M
M M M M
maximum motor power maximum speed rpm
Hp kW3.000 1.500 1.000
max. power in kvar
11 8 2 2 3
15 11 3 4 5
20 15 4 5 6
25 18 5 7 7,5
30 22 6 8 9
40 30 7,5 10 11
50 37 9 11 12,5
60 45 11 13 14
100 75 17 22 25
150 110 24 29 33
180 132 31 36 38
218 160 35 41 44
274 200 43 47 53
340 250 52 57 63
380 280 57 63 70
482 355 67 76 86
however, if the capacitor power required to compensate the motor is greater than the values indicated in the above table or if, more generally:if qc > 90% io 3 u, compensation at the motor terminals remains possible by inserting a contactor (C.2) controlled by an auxiliary motor contactor contact (C.1) in series with the capacitor.
10 11
cO
mp
ensa
tIO
n s
yste
ms
an
D t
ypes
prOtectIOn anD cOnnectIOn Of capacItOrs
Fixed capacitor banks Automatic capacitor banksProtection Connection (cable design)
cOmpensatIOn systems
compensation systems and typescapacitor bank installations (continued)
M3±
M3±
M3±
M3±
VarmeterRelay
.../5Aclass 1 - 10 VA
In = Nominal capacitor voltage,
i.e. I cable = 1.43.I nominal
E.g.: 50 kvar - 400 V three-phase
In =3 U
Qc• The reactive power supplied by the bank is constantirrespective of the variations of the power factor and load of the receivers and, therefore, of the reactive energy consumption of the installation.
• These banks are switched on: - either manually by a circuit breaker or switch, - or semi-automatically by a remote-controlled contactor.
• This type of bank is generally used in the following cases: - constant load electrical installations operating 24 hours a day, - off-load compensation of transformers, - individual compensation of motors.
• The reactive power supplied by the bank can be modulated according to the variations of the power factor and the load of the receivers and, therefore, of the reactive energy consumption of the installation.
• This type of bank is composed of a parallel combination of capacitor steps (step = capacitor + contactor). They are switched on and oFF by an incorporated power factor controller.
• These banks are generally used in the following cases: - variable load electrical installations, - compensation of main switchboards (LVMs) or major outlets
in addition to the internal protective devices incorporated in the capacitor:- self-healing metallized polypropylene film,- internal fuses,- overpressure disconnecting device ;it is essential to provide an external protective device on the capacitor.
This protection will be provided either:
• by a circuit breaker:- thermal relay, setting between 1.3 and 1.5 in,- magnetic relay, setting between 5 and 10 in.
• by gi type hrC fuses, rating 1.5 to 2 in.
applicable capacitor standards are defined so that capacitors can withstand a permanent excess current of 30%.
These standards also authorise a maximum tolerance of +10% on the nominal capacitance.
Therefore, the cable should be designed at least for:i cable = 1.3 x 1.1 . (i nominal capacitor)
For protection and cable selection, refer to table page 28.
In = 1.732 x 0. 450 = 72 A
12 13
Ha
rm
On
Ics
cOmpensatIOn types
compensation systems and types (continued)
Harmonics
reactive energy compensation means that the capacitor must be adapted to the intrinsic characteristics of the corresponding mains network (voltage, frequency, cos ϕ, etc.). however, the increasing presence of harmonics in the mains supply means that the capacitor must also be adapted to the degree of interference and the final performance desired by the customer.
sH (kVa) is the weighted total power of the harmonic generators present at the transformer secondary.
st (kVa) is the power rating of the h.V./L.V. transformer
standard H SAH SAHR FH
≤ 15 % 15 % to 25 % 25 % to 35 %
Degree ofinterference
SH_______ST
35 % to 50 % > 50 %
depending on the degree of interference or harmonics, five “types” of capacitor are available:
• standard type
• h type
• sah type - standard class
• sah type - reinforced class
• Fh type (harmonic filters)
IntrODuctIOn
The modernisation of industrial processes, the sophistication of electrical machines and equipment has, in recent years, led to significant development in power electronics:
These semi-conductor-based systems (transistors, thyristors, etc.) designed to produce:• solid state power converters: aC/dC• rectifiers• inverters• frequency converters• and many other wave train or phase setting control devices.
For electrical supplies, these systems represent «non-linear» loads. a «non-linear» load is a load for which the current consumption is not the reflection of the power supply voltage (even though the source voltage on the load is sinusoidal, the current consumption is non-sinusoidal).
other «non-linear» loads are also present in electricalinstallations, in particular:• variable impedance loads, using an electric arc:arc furnaces, welding stations, fluorescent tubes, discharge lamps, etc.• loads using strong magnetising currents:saturated transformers, inductors, etc.
The FouriEr series breakdown of the current consumption of a non-linear receiver reveals:• a sinusoidal term at the supply 50 hz frequency, the fundamental.• sinusoidal terms for which the frequencies are multiples of the frequency of the fundamental, the harmonics.
according to the equation:
These harmonic currents circulate in the source and the harmonic impedances of the source produce harmonic voltages according to the equation Uh = Zh x Ih.
harmonic currents induce most of the harmonic voltages which cause the overall harmonic distortion of the supply voltage.
Note: The harmonic distortion of the voltage generated by manufacturing defects of the alternator and transformer windings is generally negligible.
Σ: Sum of all the harmonic currents fromrank 2 (50 Hz x 2) to the last rank n (50 Hz x n).
Irm s = I12 + I2
2
n
∑h
h
=
U U Uheff = 12 + 2
2
n
∑h =
14 15
Ha
rm
On
Ics
DetuneD reactOrs anD capacItOrs
HarmOnIc fIlters
Harmonics (continued)
Protection of capacitorsFor supplies with a high level of harmonic interference, installing a detuned reactor connected in series with the capacitor proves to be the only effective solution.
Influence of harmonics on capacitors
For installations with a high level of harmonic pollution, the user may be confronted with two requirements:• compensating for reactive energy and protecting the capacitors• reducing the voltage distortion rate to acceptable values compatible with the correct operation of most sensitive receivers (automatic control systems, industrial computer hardware, capacitors, etc.).For this application, legrand is able to offer «passive type» harmonic filters.
a «passive type» harmonic filter is a serial combination of a capacitor and an inductive coil for which each combined frequency corresponds to the frequency of an interfering harmonic voltage to be eliminated.
For this type of installation, legrand offers services including:• analysis of the supply on which the equipment is to be installed with measurements of harmonic currents and voltages• computer simulation of the compatibility of the harmonic impedances of the supply and the different filters• calculation and definition of the different components of the filter• supply of capacitors, inductive coils, etc.• measurement of system efficiency after installation on site
DetuneD reactOrs anD capacItOrs
Xc = C.1 = C.2. .f
1The reactance of the capacitor
is inversely proportional to the frequency, its curve is reciprocal and its ability to block harmonic currents decreases considerably when the frequency increases.
harmonic currents being located at high frequencies, consequently they are diverted to the capacitor: the capacitor is acting as a harmonic “pump”.
To prevent the capacitor to be damaged it is compulsory to protect it with a detuned reactor.
• scc (kVa): short-circuit power of source• q (kvar): Capacitor bank power• p (kw): non-interfering load power
Note: since the inductance of the motor is much higher than that of the source, it becomes negligible in a parallel assembly.
principle diagram equivalent diagram
reactance of the capacitor
ω π
XL
XC
XC
f (Hz)
main harmonic currents:The main harmonic currents present in electrical installations are produced by semi-conductor based systems, i.e.:harmonic 5 (250 hz) - i5 - 20% i1 harmonic 7 (350 hz) - i7 - 14% i1harmonic 11 (550 hz) - i11 - 9% i1harmonic 13 (650 hz) - i13 - 8% i1* I1 Current of semi-conductor system at 50 Hz
The detuned reactor has two purposes:• to increase the impedance of the capacitor against harmonic currents• to reduce the harmonic pollution of the electrical installation
XLT : SCC (kVA)
LR
XLT XC RXC
Q(kvar)
P (kW)
M±
16 17
yOu
r e
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The quality improvement in the supply of electricity is an essential component of the world economy. The electrical networks are disturbed by many electrical phenomena which can be characterized by various measurable parameters.
This characterization requires a permanent measurement and supervision of all significant electric parameters The related standards to comply with are: En 50160, iEC 61000-4-7, En 61000-4-30
Thanks to our supervision and analysis system, it is possible to answer the essential questions such as:
• what was the cause of this electric phenomenon?
• who is responsible for this electric problem?
• how to fix this problem?
alptec supervision and analysis system is made up of a complete range of network analyzers connected to Winalp software for collection and analysis of data.
Our productsin order to display information regarding the quality of an electrical network either permanently or if a supply failure occurs, the alptec supervision and analysis system allows to print / display predefined reports.
The supervision system monitors the evolution of the power consumption and the frame decoding of the signalling voltage.
alptec network analyzers are designed to communicate via modem, gsM modem, Ethernet, usB, rs485 and rs232. The analyzers are able to send immediately an sMs and an email describing the failure. The user can then react quickly and fix the problem.
Winalp software allows to automatically download thousands of measurements recorded by one or more network analyzers. The information is then available in a database for one or more users. it is possible to analyse the results and communicate them.
IntrODuctIOn
your electrical network under control
alptec netWOrk analyzers
example of a network of analyzers installed as well in the electrical substations as in the consumer locations
several networks can be supervised by only one server pC
For remote statistical analysis ofthe Power Quality, modemor Ethernet connection
ALPTEC 2400R: Analysis of the Power Quality of the electicity provided by the Production plant
ALPTEC 2444d
ALPTEC duo
ALPTEC 2444i
For remote analysis of thePower Quality and powersupply failures, GSM connection
Analysis of the Power Qualityof the electicity provided by theTransportation Network
For punctual analysisUSB connection
ALPES-TECH-EP2
18
ALPES-TECH-EP2
19
Alpivar2 compensation racksAlpivar2 compensation racks400/415 V Network
Alpivar2 vacuum technology capacitors400/415 V Network
Alpivar2 vacuum technology capacitors
P7540V7540CB
Technical characteristics (see opposite)
Technical characteristics (see opposite)Double insulation or class IITotally dry (no added oil)Self-extinguishing polyurethane resin casingCoils coated under vacuum Internal electrical protection for each coil using:- self-healing metallized polypropylene film (prevents blowing up)- electrical fuse- over pressure disconnecting deviceColour: cover RAL 7035
base RAL7001 Conform to EN and IEC 60831-1 and 2
Factory wired units designed to be integrated in universal cabinets as part of automatic compensation systemsComprising :- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- 1 contactor suitable for handling capacitive currents- 1 set of 3 HRC fuses- 1 set of modular copper busbars with junction bars for connecting several racks in parallel- 1 steel frame on which the components are assembled and wired
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase capacitors - 50 Hz
Standard type - 400 V Harmonic level SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power (kvar)
1 V2.540CB 2.5 1 V540CB 5 1 V6.2540CB 6.25 1 V7.540CB 7.5 1 V1040CB 10 1 V12.540CB 12.5 1 V1540CB 15 1 V2040CB 20 1 V2540CB 25 1 V3040CB 30 1 V3540CB 35 1 V4040CB 40 1 V5040CB 50 1 V6040CB 60 1 V7540CB 75 1 V9040CB 90 1 V10040CB 100 1 V12540CB 125
H type - 400 V Harmonic level 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power (kvar) 1 VH2.540CB 2.5 1 VH540CB 5 1 VH6.2540CB 6.25 1 VH7.540CB 7.5 1 VH1040CB 10 1 VH12.540CB 12.5 1 VH1540CB 15 1 VH2040CB 20 1 VH2540CB 25 1 VH3040CB 30 1 VH3540CB 35 1 VH4040CB 40 1 VH5040CB 50 1 VH6040CB 60 1 VH7540CB 75 1 VH8040CB 80 1 VH9040CB 90 1 VH10040CB 100
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks - 50 Hz
Standard type - 400 V Harmonic level SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power (kvar)
1 P12.540 12.5 1 P12.512.540 12.5 + 12.5 1 P2540 25 1 P252540 25+25 1 P255040 25+50 1 P5040 50 1 P7540 75
H type - 400 V Harmonic level 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power (kvar)
1 PH12.540 12.5 1 PH12.512.540 12.5+12.5 1 PH2540 25 1 PH252540 25+25 1 PH255040 25+50 1 PH5040 50 1 PH7540 75
n Dimensions indoor type
n Dimensions
Standard type H type Dimensions (mm) Weight
(kg)W1 W2 H
Siz
e 1
V2.540CB VH2.540CB 125 125 150 1.8V540CB VH540CB 125 125 150 1.8V6.2540CB VH6.2540CB 125 125 150 1.8V7.540CB VH7.540CB 125 125 150 1.8V1040CB VH1040CB 125 125 150 1.8V12.540CB VH12.540CB 125 125 200 2V1540CB VH1540CB 125 125 200 2
Siz
e 2
V2040CB VH2040CB 90 70 275 3.5V2540CB VH2540CB 90 70 275 3.5V3040CB VH3040CB 180 156 275 7V3540CB VH3540CB 180 156 275 7V4040CB VH4040CB 180 156 275 7V5040CB VH5040CB 180 156 275 7V6040CB VH6040CB 270 244 275 10.5V7540CB VH7540CB 270 244 275 10.5
VH8040CB 360 332 275 14V9040CB VH9040CB 360 332 275 14V10040CB VH10040CB 360 332 275 14V12540CB 450 419 275 17.5
n Technical data
Loss FactorAlpivar2 capacitors have a loss factor of less than 0.1 x 10-3
This leads to a total wattage consumption of less than 0.3 W per kvar including the discharge resistors
CapacitanceTolerance on the capacitance value: - 5 / + 10 %Our vacuum type manufacturing process, which avoids any air inclusions in the coils, ensures that the capacitance remains exceptionally stable throughout the service life of the Alpivar capacitor
Max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24 h/24)
Max. permissible current• standard type: 1.5 In• H type: 2 In
Insulation class• withstand 1 minute at 50 Hz: 6 kV• withstand 1.2/50 μs shock wave: 25 kV
StandardsAlpivar2 capacitors comply with the following standards:• French standard: NF C 54 108 and 109• European standard: EN 60831-1 and 2• International standard: IEC 60831-1 and 2• Canadian standard: CSA 22-2 No. 190• end-of-life behaviour tests passed successfully in EDF and LCIE laboratories
Temperature classCapacitors are designed for a standard temperature rating of - 25 °C / indoor installation / + 55 °C• maximum temperature: 55 °C• average over 24 hours: 45 °C• annual average: 35 °C• other temperature classes on request
n Technical data
Loss FactorAlpivar2 compensation racks without detuned reactor have a loss factor of less than 2 W/kvar, including HRC fuses capacitor, contactor and cables
CapacitanceTolerance on the capacitance value: - 5 / + 10 %Our vacuum type manufacturing process, which avoids any air inclusions in the coils, ensures that the capacitance remains exceptionally stable throughout the service life of the Alpivar capacitor
Capacitor max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24h/24)
Standards• International standard: IEC 60439-1• European standard: EN 60439-2
Temperature class• operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h: 40 °C)• storage: - 30 to + 60 °C
Standard type H type
Cap
acito
r
Terminalcover
Connectioncable outlet
275
220
55
Inte
rnal
dis
char
ge
resi
stor
s
Connectionterminals
4 attachementholes Ø 6.5
208
W2
W1
225
Weight (kg)
P12.540 6
P12.512.540 11
P2540 9
P252540 16
P255040 22
P5040 16
P7540 22
Weight (kg)
PH12.540 7
PH12.512.540 14
PH2540 10
PH252540 17
PH255040 23
PH5040 17
PH7540 23
160 240
400
565
Fixing holes Ø 7
580
245
225
Junction bars
Connectionterminals
Cap
acito
r
Terminalcover
Connectioncable outlet
Con
nect
ion
term
inal
s
4 attachementholes Ø 6.1
35H
W2
80
W1
114
Size 1 Size 2
Capacitors without terminal covers available on request, please consult us
ALPES-TECH-EP2
20
ALPES-TECH-EP2
21
Alptec power factor controllersAlptec power factor controllersAlpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor400/415 V Network
Alpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor
R7.8040.189 ALPTEC12.400
Technical characteristics (see opposite)
Factory wired units designed to be integrated in universal cabinets as part of automatic compensation systemsComprising :- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- 1 contactor suitable for handling capacitive currents- 1 detuned reactor with thermal protection- 1 set of 3 HRC fuses- 1 set of modular copper busbars with junction bars for connecting several panels in parallel- 1 steel frame on which the components are assembled and wired
Alptec power factor controller controls the connection and disconnection of the capacitor steps in order to maintain the target power factorIt operates in a digital manner so that measurements and readings are performed with accuracy and reliability, even on highly polluted networksFlush mountingIP 41 - IP 20 terminalsConform to IEC/EN 61010-1
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) - 50 Hz
Only racks of the same width or type (R5 or R7) can be coupled together Tuning rank = 3.78
Standard class - 400 V Harmonic level 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power (kvar)
1 R5.1040.189 10 1 R5.2040.189 20 1 R5.202040.189 20+20 1 R5.4040.189 40 1 R7.4040.189 40 1 R7.404040.189 40+40 1 R7.8040.189 80
Reinforced class - 400 V Rated voltage 440 V Harmonic level 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power (kvar)
1 R5.R4040.189 40 1 R7.R4040.189 40 1 R7.R404040.189 40+40 1 R7.R8040.189 80
Pack Cat.Nos Power factor controllers
Power supply 400 V - 50 Hz Number of steps
1 ALPTEC3.400 3 1 ALPTEC5.400 5 1 ALPTEC7.400 7 1 ALPTEC12.400 12
Power supply 230 V - 50 Hz Number of steps
1 ALPTEC3.230 3 1 ALPTEC5.230 5 1 ALPTEC7.230 7 1 ALPTEC12.230 12 1 ALPTEC12H 12 (harmonic measurement)
n Dimensionsn Dimensions
n Technical data
Temperature class- operating: - 10 to + 60 °C - storage: - 20 + 80 °C
Current inputsRated current: 5 A (1 A on request) Operating limit: 0.125 A to 6 A Input power: 0.65 WInsensitive to CT polarityInsensitive to phase rotation polarity
Frequency50 Hz / 60 Hz
Settings and parametersPower factor: 0.8 ind to 0.8 capReconnection time of the same step: 5 to 240 secManual and automatic mode4 quadrant operation (ALPTEC 12H) for generator applicationInternal temperature probeFree potential contact for alarm remoteAlarm display (over voltage, under compensation, overload…)All combination of steps program: 1.1.1 / 1.2.2.2 / 1.2.3.4 etc
Standard type Reinforced type
For other tuning rank or power,please consult us
n Technical data
Loss FactorAlpivar2 compensation racks with detuned reactor have a loss factor ≤ 6 W/kvar including HRC fuses, contactor, capacitor, detuned reactor
CapacitanceTolerance on the capacitance value: - 5 / + 10 %Our vacuum type manufacturing process, which avoids any air inclusions in the coils, ensures that the capacitance remains exceptionally stable throughout the service life of the Alpivar capacitor
Capacitor max. permissible voltage1.18 Un continuous (24h/24)
Standards• International standard: IEC 60439-1• European standard: EN 60439-2
Temperature class• operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h: 40 °C)• storage: - 30 to + 60 °C
Weight (kg)
R5.1040.189 30
R5.2040.189 35
R5.202040.189 45
R5.4040.189 40
R7.4040.189 42
R7.404040.189 70
R7.8040.189 65
Weight (kg)
R5.R4040.189 50
R7.R4040.189 52
R7.R404040.189 85
R7.R8040.189 80
Cat.Nos Dimensions (mm) Height x Width x Depth Weight (kg)
ALPTEC3.400ALPTEC3.230 96 x 96 x 65 0.42
ALPTEC5.400ALPTEC5.230 96 x 96 x 65 0.44
ALPTEC7.400ALPTEC7.230 144 x 144 x 62 0.46
ALPTEC12.400ALPTEC12.230 144 x 144 x 62 0.77
ALPTEC12H 144 x 144 x 62 0.98
665
700
468
500
325
325
425
465
425
465
Ø7
fixin
g h
oles
Ø7
fixin
g h
oles
21x7 oblong fixing holes21x7 oblong fixing holes
R7 typeR5 type
Junction barsJunction bars
22
ALPES-TECH-EP2
23
Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switchingthree-phase racks standard and H type400/415 V Network
Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switchingthree-phase racks SAH type - standard an reinforced class 400/415 V Network
M20040
MS28040.189
M20040
Technical characteristics (p. 24)
Technical characteristics (p. 24)
IP 31 - IK 05 box or cabinetFully modular design for easy extension and maintenanceAlpimatic is composed of several racks depending on capacitor bank type and power ratingControl of the electromechanical contactors is made by Alptec power factor controller with simplified commissioning procedureExtendable cabinet, standard for main power ratings, optional for othersCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of electrical parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1
IP 31 - IK 05 box or cabinetFully modular design for easy extension and maintenanceAlpimatic is composed of several racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingControl of the electromechanical contactors is made by Alptec power factor controller with simplified commissioning procedureExtendable cabinet standard for main power ratings, optional for othersCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of electrical parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1Tuning rank n = 3.78
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks 50 Hz
Standard type - 400 V Harmonic pollution SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 M1040 10 5+5 1 M1540 15 5+10 1 M2040 20 10+10 1 M2540 25 10+15 1 M3040 30 10+20 1 M37.540 37.5 12.5+25 1 M4040 40 10+10+20 1 M5040 50 10+15+25 1 M6040 60 20+20+20 1 M7540 75 25+25+25 1 M87.540 87.5 12.5+25+50 1 M10040 100 25+25+50 1 M12540 125 25+50+50 1 M15040 150 (25+50)+75 1 M17540 175 25+(25+50)+75 1 M20040 200 50+2x75 1 M22540 225 (25+50)+2x75 1 M25040 250 2x50+2x75 1 M27540 275 (25+50)+50+2x75 1 M30040 300 (25+50)+3x75 1 M35040 350 50+4x75 1 M40040 400 2x50+4x75 1 M45040 450 6x75
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz
Standard class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 MS3040.189 30 10+20 1 MS4040.189 40 2x10+20 1 MS5040.189 50 10+(20+20) 1 MS6040.189 60 20+(20+20) 1 MS7040.189 70 10+20+40 1 MS8040.189 80 (20+20)+40 1 MS9040.189 90 10+(20+20)+40 1 MS10040.189 100 20+(40+40) 1 MS12040.189 120 (20+20)+2x40 1 MS16040.189 160 (40+40)+80 1 MS20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 MS24040.189 240 (40+40)+2x80 1 MS28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 MS32040.189 320 (40+40)+3x80 1 MS36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 MS40040.189 400 (40+40)+4x80
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks 50 Hz (continued)
H type - 400 V Harmonic pollution 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 MH1040 10 5+5 1 MH1540 15 5+10 1 MH2040 20 10+10 1 MH2540 25 10+15 1 MH3040 30 10+20 1 MH37.540 37.5 12.5+25 1 MH4040 40 10+10+20 1 MH5040 50 10+15+25 1 MH6040 60 20+20+20 1 MH7540 75 25+50 1 MH87.540 87.5 12.5+25+50 1 MH10040 100 25+25+50 1 MH12540 125 25+50+50 1 MH15040 150 (25+50)+75 1 MH17540 175 25+(25+50)+75 1 MH20040 200 50+2x75 1 MH22540 225 (25+50)+2x75 1 MH25040 250 (50+50)+2x75 1 MH27540 275 (25+50)+50+2x75 1 MH30040 300 (25+50)+3x75 1 MH35040 350 50+4x75 1 MH40040 400 (50+50)+4x75 1 MH45040 450 6x75
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase racks with duty type detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz
Reinforced class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 MS.R12040.189 120 3x40 1 MS.R16040.189 160 (40+40)+80 1 MS.R20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 MS.R24040.189 240 (40+40)+2x80 1 MS.R28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 MS.R32040.189 320 (40+40)+3x80 1 MS.R36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 MS.R40040.189 400 (40+40)+4x80 1 MS.R44040.189 440 40+5x80 1 MS.R48040.189 480 6x80 1 MS.R52040.189 520 40+6x80 1 MS.R56040.189 560 7x80
Other powers, voltage, frequency on request, please consult us
Other powers, voltage, frequency on request, please consult us
24
ALPES-TECH-EP2 ALPES-TECH-EP2
25
Alpimatic automatic capacitor banks with electromechanical switching
n Technical data
Temperature class: - operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h : 40 °C)- storage: - 30 to + 60 °C- average annual: 30 °C
Ventilation: Natural or forced depending on power rating
Insulation class: 0.69 kV (tested at 2.5 kV, 50 Hz for one minute)Built-in power supply for auxiliary circuitsBuilt-in connection terminal block for by-pass contact (operation on GenSet...)Possible remote alarm output
ConnectionsAllow for: - power cables (see p. 28)- current transformer to be located on phase L1 of the facility, upline from all receivers and the capacitor bank: - primary: rating depending on installation - secondary: 5 A (1 A on request) - power: 10 VA (recommanded) - Class I- note : this transformer can be supplied separetely on request
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
M1040 650 380 260 40
M1540 650 380 260 40
M2040 650 380 260 40
M2540 650 380 260 40
M3040 650 380 260 45
M37.540 650 380 260 45
M4040 650 380 260 45
M4540 650 380 260 45
M5040 650 380 260 45
M6040 740 380 260 50
M7540 740 380 260 75
M87.540 1000 350 500 80
M10040 1000 350 500 80
M12540 1000 350 500 90
M15040 1400 600 500 125
M17540 1400 600 500 140
M20040 1400 600 500 150
M22540 1400 600 500 160
M25040 1400 600 500 170
M27540 1400 600 500 190
M30040 1400 600 500 200
M35040 1900 600 500 260
M40040 1900 600 500 290
M45040 1900 600 500 300
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
MH1040 650 380 260 40
MH1540 650 380 260 40
MH2040 650 380 260 40
MH2540 650 380 260 40
MH3040 650 380 260 45
MH37.540 650 380 260 45
MH4040 650 380 260 45
MH4540 650 380 260 45
MH5040 650 380 260 45
MH6040 740 380 260 50
MH7540 740 380 260 75
MH87.540 1000 350 500 80
MH10040 1000 350 500 80
MH12540 1000 350 500 90
MH15040 1400 600 500 125
MH17540 1400 600 500 140
MH20040 1400 600 500 150
MH22540 1400 600 500 160
MH25040 1400 600 500 170
MH27540 1400 600 500 190
MH30040 1400 600 500 200
MH35040 1900 600 500 260
MH40040 1900 600 500 290
MH45040 1900 600 500 300n DimensionsThree-phase - Standard type
Three-phase - H type
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
MS3040.189 1400 600 500 90
MS4040.189 1400 600 500 120
MS5040.189 1400 600 500 130
MS6040.189 1400 600 500 150
MS7040.189 1400 600 500 170
MS8040.189 1400 600 500 190
MS9040.189 1400 600 500 210
MS10040.189 1400 600 500 230
MS12040.189MS.R12040.189 1400 600 500 250
MS16040.189MS.R16040.189 2100 800 500 300
MS20040.189MS.R20040.189 2100 800 500 340
MS24040.189MS.R24040.189 2100 800 500 370
MS28040.189MS.R28040.189 2100 800 500 400
MS32040.189MS.R32040.189 2100 800 500 430
MS36040.189MS.R36040.189 2100 800 500 470
MS40040.189MS.R40040.189 2100 800 500 520
MS.R44040.189 2100 1600 500 600
MS.R48040.189 2100 1600 500 630
MS.R52040.189 2100 1600 500 670
MS.R56040.189 2100 1600 500 700
Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) - Standard and reinforced class
Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state switchesthree-phase static racks standard and H type400/415 V Network
STS40040
Technical characteristics (p. 27)
IP 31 - IK 05 cabinetAlpistatic is a real time compensation system, with response time ≤ 40 msIt is specially designed for sites using fast variation loads, or processes sensitive to harmonics and transientsAll the steps can be connected or disconnected in one go, in order to match exactly the reactive demandAlpistatic is composed of several static racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingEach static rack includes:- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- a 3 phase solid state contactor- fan cooled heat sink on each solid state contactor- a set of 3 HRC fuses per stepControl of the solid state contactors is made by a fast power factor controller and electronic control boardCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks 50 Hz
Standard type - 400 V Harmonic pollution SH/ST ≤ 15 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 ST10040 100 2x25+50 1 ST12540 125 25+2x50 1 ST15040 150 3x50 1 ST17540 175 2x50+75 1 ST20040 200 50+2x75 1 ST22540 225 25+50+2x75 1 ST25040 250 2x50+2x75 1 ST27540 275 50+3x75 1 ST30040 300 25+50+3x75 1 ST32540 325 2x50+3x75 1 ST35040 350 50+4x75 1 ST37540 375 5x75 1 ST40040 400 2x75+2x125 1 ST45040 450 75+3x125 1 ST50040 500 4x125 1 ST52540 525 2x75+3x125 1 ST57540 575 75+4x125 1 ST62540 625 5x125 1 ST70040 700 75+5x125
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks 50 Hz (continued)
H type - 400 V Harmonic pollution 15 % < SH/ST ≤ 25 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 STH8040 80 2x20+40 1 STH10040 100 20+2x40 1 STH12040 120 3x40 1 STH16040 160 2x40+80 1 STH20040 200 40+2x80 1 STH24040 240 2x40+2x80 1 STH28040 280 40+3x80 1 STH32040 320 2x40+3x80 1 STH36040 360 40+4x80 1 STH40040 400 5x80 1 STH44040 440 80+3x120 1 STH48040 480 4x120 1 STH52040 520 2x80+3x120 1 STH56040 560 80+4x120 1 STH60040 600 5x120 1 STH68040 680 80+5x120 1 STH72040 720 6x120
Other power and voltage on request, please consult us
Real time
compensation
system
Transient free
for example: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
26 27
ALPES-TECH-EP2
Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state contactorsthree-phase static racks SAH type - standard and reinforced class400/415 V Network
Technical characteristics (p. 27)
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz
Standard class - 400 V Rated voltage 440 V Harmonic pollution 25 % < SH/ST ≤ 35 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 STS12040.189 120 3x40 1 STS16040.189 160 2x40+80 1 STS20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 STS24040.189 240 2x40+2x80 1 STS28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 STS32040.189 320 2x40+3x80 1 STS36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 STS40040.189 400 5x80 1 STS44040.189 440 80+3x120 1 STS48040.189 480 4x120 1 STS52040.189 520 2x80+3x120 1 STS56040.189 560 80+4x120 1 STS60040.189 600 5x120 1 STS68040.189 680 80+5x120 1 STS72040.189 720 6x120
Pack Cat.Nos Three-phase static racks with detuned reactors (SAH type) 50 Hz
Reinforced class - 400 V Harmonic pollution 35 % < SH/ST ≤ 50 % Nominal power Steps
(kvar) (kvar)
1 STS.R12040.189 120 3x40 1 STS.R16040.189 160 2x40+80 1 STS.R20040.189 200 40+2x80 1 STS.R24040.189 240 2x40+2x80 1 STS.R28040.189 280 40+3x80 1 STS.R32040.189 320 2x40+3x80 1 STS.R36040.189 360 40+4x80 1 STS.R40040.189 400 5x80 1 STS.R44040.189 440 80+3x120 1 STS.R48040.189 480 4x120 1 STS.R52040.189 520 2x80+3x120 1 STS.R56040.189 560 80+4x120 1 STS.R60040.189 600 5x120 1 STS.R68040.189 680 80+5x120 1 STS.R72040.189 720 6x120
Alpistatic automatic capacitor banks with solid state contactors
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
ST10040 2100 800 500 170
ST12540 2100 800 500 190
ST15040 2100 800 500 210
ST17540 2100 800 500 230
ST20040 2100 800 500 250
ST22540 2100 800 500 270
ST25040 2100 800 500 290
ST27540 2100 800 500 300
ST30040 2100 800 500 315
ST32540 2100 800 500 330
ST35040 2100 800 500 350
ST37540 2100 800 500 370
ST40040 2100 1000 600 380
ST45040 2100 1000 600 400
ST50040 2100 1000 600 425
ST52540 2100 2000 600 520
ST57540 2100 2000 600 560
ST62540 2100 2000 600 580
ST70040 2100 2000 600 610
n Dimensions
Three-phase - Standard type
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
STH8040 2100 800 500 150
STH10040 2100 800 500 170
STH12040 2100 800 500 200
STH16040 2100 800 500 220
STH20040 2100 800 500 250
STH24040 2100 800 500 280
STH28040 2100 800 500 300
STH32040 2100 800 500 325
STH36040 2100 800 500 350
STH40040 2100 800 500 375
STH44040 2100 1000 600 400
STH48040 2100 1000 600 450
STH52040 2100 2000 600 520
STH56040 2100 2000 600 540
STH60040 2100 2000 600 560
STH68040 2100 2000 600 600
STH72040 2100 2000 600 620
Three-phase - H type
Cat.NosDimensions (mm) Weight
(Kg)Height Width Depth
STS12040.189STS.R12040.189 2100 800 500 240
STS16040.189STS.R16040.189 2100 800 500 260
STS20040.189STS.R20040.189 2100 800 500 300
STS24040.189STS.R24040.189 2100 800 500 340
STS28040.189STS.R28040.189 2100 800 500 380
STS32040.189STS.R32040.189 2100 800 500 410
STS36040.189STS.R36040.189 2100 800 500 440
STS40040.189STS.R40040.189 2100 800 500 490
STS44040.189STS.R44040.189 2100 1000 600 530
STS48040.189STS.R48040.189 2100 1000 600 600
STS52040.189STS.R52040.189 2100 2000 600 650
STS56040.189STS.R56040.189 2100 2000 600 690
STS60040.189STS.R60040.189 2100 2000 600 720
STS68040.189STS.R68040.189 2100 2000 600 750
STS72040.189STS.R72040.189 2100 2000 600 810
Three-phase with detuned reactors (SAH type) Standard or reinforced class
n Electrical characteristics
Temperature class: - operating: - 10 to + 45 °C (average over 24 h : 40 °C)- storage: - 30 to + 60 °C
Ventilation: Forced and natural depending on power rating
Insulation class: 0.69 kV (tested at 2.5 kV, 50 Hz for one minute)Built-in power supply for auxiliary circuitsBuilt-in connection terminal block for by-pass contact (operation on Gen Set…)Possible remote alarm output
ConnectionsAllow for:- power cables (see p. 28)- current transformer to be located on phase L1 of the facility, upline from all receivers and the capacitor bank: - primary: rating depending on installation - secondary: 5 A (1 A on request) - power: 10 VA (recommanded) - Class I- note : this transformer can be supplied separetely on request
Fast reactive energy controller for automatic control- with automatic/manual operation- front panel display showing the number of steps operating- front panel display of cos ϕ- front panel display of many other electrical parameters (harmonics voltage, current...)
Microprocessor instrumentation and control board using solid state contactors- triggers and releases contactors within 40 ms max.- avoids any transient voltages and currents when steps are triggered or released
Real time
compensation
system
Transient free
IP 31 - IK 05 cabinetAlpistatic is a real time compensation system, with response time ≤ 40 msIt is specially designed for sites using fast variation loads, or processes sensitive to harmonics and transientsAll the steps can be connected or disconnected in one go, in order to match exactly the reactive demandAlpistatic is composed of several static racks depending on the capacitor bank type and power ratingEach static rack includes:- 1 Alpivar2 capacitor- a 3 phase solid state contactor- fan cooled heat sink on each solid state contactor- 1 detuned reactor with thermal protection- a set of 3 HRC fuses per stepControl of the solid state contactors is made by a fast power factor controller and electronic control boardCables enter at the bottom (at the top on request)Protection of parts against direct contact: IP 2X (opened door)Grey cabinet RAL 7032 and black plinthConform to IEC 60439-1 and 2 and EN 60439-1
STS28040.189
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protective circuit breaker and connection cableselection table for capacitors
THREE-PHASE 400 V CAPACIToR NoMINAL PoWER
(kvar)
THREE-PHASE CIRCuIT BREAKER RATINg / THERMAL
SETTINg (A)
CABLES MINIMuM CRoSS-SECTIoN PER PHASE
Cu (mm2) Al (mm2)
10 20/20 6 10
20 40/40 10 16
30 63/60 16 25
40 80/80 25 35
50 100/100 35 50
60 125/125 35 50
70 160/140 35 50
80 160/160 50 70
90 200/180 50 70
100 200/200 70 95
125 250/250 70 95
150 400/300 95 120
175 400/350 120 185
200 400/400 150 240
225 630/450 150 240
250 630/500 185 2 x 120
275 630/550 185 2 x 120
300 630/600 2 x 95 2 x150
325 630/630 2 x 95 2 x 150
350 800/700 2 x 120 2 x 185
375 800/750 2 x 120 2 x 185
400 800/800 2 x 150 2 x 240
450 1000/900 2 x 150 2 x 240
500 1000/1000 2 x 185 4 x 150
550 1250/1100 2 x 185 4 x 150
600 1250/1200 4 x 120 4 x 185
650 1250/1250 4 x 120 4 x 185
700 1600/1400 4 x 150 4 x 240
750 1600/1500 4 x 150 4 x 240
800 1600/1600 4 x 150 4 x 240
850 2000/1700 4 x 150 4 x 240
900 2000/1800 4 x 150 4 x 240
950 2000/1900 4 x 185 4 x 300
1000 2000/2000 4 x 185 4 x 300
Note: The cable cross-section indicated in this table is the minimum recommended section. It does not take into account additional correcting factors (fitting method, temperature, long distances, etc.). The calculations are for unipolar cables mounted in ambient air at 30°C.
High voltage capacitors a complete range for power factor correction up to 69 kV
> High voltage capacitors:- non-chlorinated, non-toxic, biodegradable- very high resistance to strong electrical fields- very low power losses, enabling considerable savings for high power capacitor banks
> High voltage capacitors banks:Composed of several single-phase or three-phase unit capacitors assembled and interconnected to produce high-power assemblies called "capacitor banks"Composition depending on:- the total reactive power to be installed- the nominal network voltage- electrical constraints (harmonics, banks divided into sections or steps)- indoor or outdoor installation- operator safety IP 00 open rack IP 315 cubide
Please consult your local contactfor more details...
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Alptec power quality analyzers
Pack Cat.Nos Alptec 2444 power quality analyzers
Power supply: 190-264 V± / 240-360 V= (48 V= and 127 V= power supply available on request) The following values are measured and recorded on compact flash memory card: - dips, swells, and waveforms - power quality reports - flicker (Pst, Plt according to IEC61000-4-7) - 51 harmonics and inter-harmonics (voltage and current), - symmetrical values, unbalance - conventional magnitudes (U, I, P, Q, S, D, PF, THD U and THD I) Communication modes: USB, Ethernet and RTC modem (GSM and IP modem available on request) Supplied with: - backup battery (autonomy: minimum 30 minutes) - 512 MB flash memory card - RS 232 cable - USB cable
Alptec 2444d - DIN rail mounting 1 RBAA001.1 For permanent monitoring
Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents with galvanic insulation Input: terminal blocks with screws
Alptec 2444R with reinforced immunity - for 19" racks mounting
1 RBAH002.1 For permanent monitoring Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents with galvanic insulation Can be equipped with reinforced battery for 3h autonomy Input: terminal blocks with screws
Alptec 2444Duo - for 19" racks mounting 1 RBAF001.1 For permanent monitoring
Measurement: 8 voltages and 8 currents Input: terminal blocks with screws
Alptec 2444i - for portable use 1 RBAD001.1 For temporarily monitoring
Portable device Measurement: 4 voltages and 4 currents Quick connectors Supplied with: - voltage clamps - current clamps (100 A / 1 Vrms) - suitcase for transport
Accessories
Clamps 3 RBAE016 10 A micro clamps
Supplied with 2 m cable 3 RBAG007 Switchable clamp: 10 A/100 A/1000 A
Supplied with 2 m cable
Alpflex flexible coil 3 RBAE017 Flexible coil switchable: 3 kA/1 kA/300 A
Supplied with 3 m cable
Novafax 56000 modem 3 RBAE006 Modem for data download 56 kb/s
Winalp 2400 software
1 RBAT001 Allows downloading, storing and comparing data from a whole fleet of Alptec power quality analyzers for further analysis and reports printing Compatible with: - Win98 - Win NT4, - Windows millennium, - Windows XP and - Windows Vista
Pack Cat.Nos Alptec 2333 power quality analyzers - IP 54
1 RDAB002 Power supply: 380-600 V± in 3-phase mode or 85-250 V± in single-phase mode Portable device for temporarily monitoring The following values are measured and recorded on compact flash memory card: - dips, swells, and waveforms - power quality reports - flicker (Pst, Plt according to IEC61000-4-7) - 51 harmonics and inter-harmonics (voltage and current), - symmetrical values, unbalance - conventional magnitudes (U, I, P, Q, S, D, PF, THD U and THD I) Communication mode: USB Measurement: 3 voltages and 3 currents Supplied with: - backup battery (autonomy: minimum 45 minutes) - 1 Gb flash memory card - USB cable - 3 voltage clamps - 3 current clamps (100 A / 1 Vrms) - suitcase for transport
For on site power quality monitoring of electrical network at different locations such as: power plants, factories, office buildings (data servers, central banks), etc. Conform to EN 50160, IEC 61000-4-30 class A, IEC 61000-4-7 and IEC 61000-4-15
RBAA001.1
RBAD001.1 RDAB002
RBAH002.1
RBAF001.1
48 V= and 127 V= power supply, GSM and IP modem: please consult us
Alptec power quality analyzers
n Technical data
Voltage measurement- 4 differential inputs- Measurement range: 10-750 Vrms
Communication- USB, Ethernet, embeded modem (PSTN or GSM), RS232, RS485
Power supply of the devices- 190 - 264 V± / 240 - 360 V=- Option 48 V= or 127 V=- Internal backup battery 30 min
Standards- EN 50160- IEC 61000-4-30 class A- IEC 61000-4-15 (Flicker)- IEC 61000-4-7 (Harmonic)- IEC 61000-3-6/7 (Harmonic statistics,imbalance and flicker).
Current measurement- 4 input TI isolated- Rated current: 5 Arms
Acquisition system- Sampling frequency: 10.2 kHz- RMS measurement: 200 ms
Synchronisation and Flagging- GPS synchronisation- 10 minutes pulses synchronisation- Flagging of the data following EN 61000-4-30
Acquisition time- Dips, Swells and Interruptions: average 20 ms sliding by ½ period (IEC 61000-4-30)- RMS measurement and harmonics: Values averaged on 200 ms- Statistic measurements, RMS and harmonics: average, minimum, maximum on: 10 minutes (configurable), 2 hours, 24 hours, 7 days- 40 class of histograms: 24 hours histograms based on 3 seconds data 7 days histograms based on 10 minutes data
Recorded dataData are recorded in the memory card of the devices (CompactFLASH)
All data are simultaneously and continuously recorded from the switching on of the device
The characteristics of our devices are subject to change and not contractual
n Dimensions
Cat.NosDimensions (mm)
Weight (kg)
Height Width Depth
RBAA001.1 135 320 100 1.8
RBAH002.1 380 465 132 8
RBAF001.1 380 465 132 9
RBAD001.1 245 245 95 3.2
RDAB002 181 292 73.5 2.1
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Winlap 2400 softwarezoom on the main functions
Every graphical table is configurable and the user can add remarks The software makes it possible to analyse the data downloaded from different sites simultaneously
n RMS values and harmonics
n Events
n Histograms
n Quality table
Simultaneous display of different values synchronized on the same timebase- Display of the 52 harmonics in the time- Harmonic graph following CEI 61000-3-6
The quality of the network is visible in reports according to the EN 50160 standard and UNIPEDE rulesThe compliance of the quality of the Network Power quality can be checked daily, weekly or monthly
Histograms on every RMS value possible24 hours and 1 week histograms
The shape and the waveform of the events (Dips, Swells and Interruption) are displayed The RMS values of the Voltages and the Currents are recorded during the event time
n Signaling voltage analysis
n Real time display
n Reports printing
Some electricity suppliers transmit ripple control voltage signals superimposed on the electricity Network- The Signalling Voltage window displays a list of decoded ripple control frames (decoded) transmitted on the electrical network, as well as the associated magnitudes and length of the impulses- The date and time as well as its average rate of injection are associated with each frame
- Reports following the EN50160 Standard (configurable) can be automatically generated- The data can be exported to a spreadsheet or copied to another PC- The printout of the user configurable reports can be scheduled from the software
At any time, the user can display the electrical values in the following different pattern: - Oscilloscopic display- measurement tables- Vectorial graphs (phasor)This enables to permanently check any wiring defect and the real time status of the electrical Network
EX29
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World Headquarters and International Department 128, av du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny 87045 Limoges Cedex - France tél : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 87 87 fax : + 33 (0) 5 55 06 88 88 e-mail : [email protected]
www.legrandgroup.com