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Operating Systems Review
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5 Purposes of an Operating SystemProvide User InterfaceCommunicate with HardwareCreate and Manage a File SystemNetwork SupportProvide Structure to Support Applications
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Installation
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PartitionsEvery disk needs at
least 1 partition to install an operating system
Formatting a partition will allow you to install an operating system (NTFS, FAT16, etc)
Max Number of Partitions on Basic Disc is 4!
Primary and Secondary Partitions
Active Partitions
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Active PartitionsThis is where the OS system files areMotherboard looks for the active partition
to begin running or booting the OSboot.ini is the file that windows uses to
declare where the systems are.
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Extended PartitionDoesn’t hold an operating systemBasic DiscLogical Drives
Basically large named folders in the Extended Partition
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Basic vs. Dynamic DisksUses NTFS or FAT32 file systemsCan create primary partitions or active
partitionDynamic Disk – unknown file system
(Microsoft won’t tell anyone how it works)
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File SystemsNTFSFAT16FAT32
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FAT16The Primary Partition can only be up to 2
GBFile names can only be 8 charactersFile extensions can only be 3 characters
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FAT3232 GB Size Hard drives (Basically)Used mostly with Windows 98, 2000 and
some XPNo security available
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NTFSNew Technology File SystemNice long file name and extensionsSupports file encryption (You still have to
have at least XP Pro)Most common file system used today
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Windows RequirementsSize of Disk SpaceRAMProcessing Speed/ProcessorVideo/Monitor Support
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Windows XP RequirementsMinimum
233 MHz Processor64 MB RAM1.5 GB HDD SpaceCD-ROM/DVD-ROMSuper VGA (800 x
600)
Recommended300 MHz Processor128 MB RAM1.5 GB HDD SpaceCD-ROM/DVD-ROMSuper VGA (800 x
600)
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Windows Vista RequirementHome Basic
800 MHz Processor512 MB MemoryDirect X (graphics
api)20 GB HDD SpaceDVD drive
Other Versions1 GHz Processor1 GB System
MemoryDirect X40 GB HDD SpaceDVD drive
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Windows 7 Requirements32 Bit Processor
1 GHz Processor1 GB RAM16 GB HDD SpaceDirect X9
64 Bit Processor1 GHz Processor2 GB RAM20 GB HDD SpaceDirect X9
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Installation MenuOptions
InstallRepairExit
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Installation processPartition the DriveFormat the PartitionUnpack the Installation FilesInstall the Operating SystemSet – up Time and Date and LanguageEnter your Product KeySet-up an Administrative UserActivate ?
If you don’t activate Windows, after 30 days you are locked out
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Serial NumberCD KeyProduct KeyThis is used to unlock your software
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ActivationMust be done with in 30 days or you are locked outActivate over the internet if you have an internet
connectionActive by calling their 1-800 number with your product
key
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Maintenance
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Control Panel
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Administrative ToolsPerformance
See how your cpu, ram and other devices are running
Computer ManagementDisk ManagmentDevice ManagerDisk Defragmenter
ServicesSee what services are
running and their settings
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DisplayScreensaverDesktop
Background PictureSettings
ResolutionDual Monitors
AppearanceColors of windows,
etc.
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System SettingsThis is your basic
System PropertiesYou can also get to
this from right-clicking My Computer
See your RAM, CPU, and OS properties
Device ManagerRemote
Get to Remote Assistant and Remote Desktop Settings
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Power OptionsPower SchemesAlarmsPower MeterAdvancedHibernate
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Power Schemes
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Advanced – Power Options
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Hibernate – Power Options
Save the state of the computer to the hard drive and shuts everything down.
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UsersStandard
Can installCan’t mess with System files
RestrictedCan’t Install Programs
Power UserHave most administrative
priviledgesAdministrator
Complete Unrestrict accessGuest
Like a Standard user, no saving though
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Security
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Add / Remove ProgramsDuh!
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Automatic UpdatesAutomatic Update On
Download and InstallDownload Automatically –let me choose
when to installDon’t Download Automatically, show me a
list and let me chooseAutomatic Update Off
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Folder OptionsShow/Hide Folders and FilesChange Programs that are associated with
different file extensions
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Printers and FaxesAdd a PrinterPrinter Maintenance
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FirewallBlocks other programs from running on
your machine through the networkYou can add exceptions for programsRemote Desktop and Remote Assistance
need to be added as exceptions
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Windows 7 Gadgets
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Windows 7 Parental Controls
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MSCONFIGStart Menu -> Run and type msconfigYou can get to RegeditServicesStart-Up
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DefragmentingRight-Click My
Computer and go to manage
Control Panel -> Administrative Tools
Start -> All Progams -> Accessories -> System Tools
Moves the parts of files together on the hard drive
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Disk CleanupDelete Temp FilesEmpty Recycling
BinCompress old files
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Check DiskChecks hard drive for
physical errors.Start -> All Programs ->
Accessories -> System Tools
DOS command is CHKDSKDoesn’t repair, puts “cones”
around the sector so it isn’t used again – BAD SECTOR
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Backup – found in System ToolsBack up files and Restore Files
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DOS CommandsCD – change directoryDIR – list contents of directory.. – Parent directoryCOPY – copies a single fileXCOPY – copies contents of a folderMD – make directoryRD – remove directoryTYPE – display a text fileCOPY CON- copy what I type in the console to a
fileIPCONFIG – show ip address configurationPING – send test packets to check for a connection
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Troubleshooting
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BSODBlue Screen of DeathBoot Error or RAM ErrorRestart ComputerRecovery Console – DOS console that you
can boot to from the Windows installation disk
FIXBOOT – fixes boot.iniFIXMBR – fixes master boot record
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VirusesA file that replicates itselfHas to be run – usually found in email
attachments and shared files through peer-to-peer networks
Trojan – a program that is doing something in the background you don’t want (Trojan Horse) – use a Firewall or don’t download illegal material.
Worm – like a virus, but you don’t have to run it to get it. If you connect to a network that has it, you’ll get it
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Start Up ServicesIn MSCONFIGYou can enable or disable certain servicesStart up in Safe Mode – no services running
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Remote DesktopUnblock FireWallConnected on the network to the remote
computerKnow a user account and password on that
computerStart -> All Programs -> Accessories ->
Remote Desktop ConnectionGives you control of the machine, blocks the
user out
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Remote AssistantUnblock in FirewallCreate an invitation fileSend the invitation through email or a chat
programAllows you to help someone remotely, but
they can still have controlUsually you have a time limit and a
password
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Device ManagerFix driver errors for HardwareRight-Click on My Computer - > Properties -
> Hardware tabRight-Click on My Computer -> Manage ->
Device ManagerControl Panel -> Administrative ToolsYellow Exclamation – bad driverRed X – this device has been disabled
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Event ViewerView Event Logs
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Task ManagerTurn off
ProgramsTurn off
Processes
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Graphical User Interface
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Taskbar
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System Tray – shows running programsthat run in the background
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Desktop
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Quick Launch