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Open hardware
unconventionelectronics
John Sarik
Columbia University
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About me
I have a distinct speaking style
Im a 5th year EE PhD student at Columbia
Hardware hacker in the Columbia Laboratory for Unconventional Electronic
- Led by Professor John Kymissis
- Specialize in novel integration
- Entrepreneurial emphasis
Transistors
Light emitters
Photodetectors
Solar cells
Piezoelectrics
Thin film batteries
Strain sensors
Actuators
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What are unconventional electronics?
Conventional silicon electronics are following Moores Law and getting sma
Unconventional electronics are designed for applications with requirements
conventional electronics cant meet
- Unique sizes or shapes
- Unique substrates
- Unique mechanical, electrical, optical properties
- Unique fabrication techniques
Unconventional electronics will compliment, not replace, conventional elect
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What is novel integration?
Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags
- Enabling technology for the Internet of Things
Lumiode: A high brightness, high efficiency microdisplay platform
- Enabling technology for head-mounted, see-through augmented reality d
III-V LEDsoffer high optical power
density, efficient lightoutput, and long lifetime
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What is open hardware?
Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly availab
anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware
design. OSHW Statement of Principles 1.0
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How open is open hardware?
Arduino, the most famous example of open hardware has an open sourc
chain, open source board design files, but non-open components
Litera
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Why is this a problem?
Philosophical
- Its a literal black box
- The I, Pencil Problem
Practical
- Limited selection of comp
combinations of capabilit
- Worldwide Atmel Shortag
- Counterfeit electronics ar
problem
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Whats the solution?
Replicators!
- RepRap is about making self-replicating machines, and making them free
the benefit of everyone. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you hav
technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely availthis is the place for you too.
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Whats the state of the art today?
3D printers can print a wide range
of materials at different size scales
Currently limited to printing mostly
structural not functional materials
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Can we print functional materials?
Yes! We can build unconventional electronics using conventional 2D printin
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What else can we print?
Transistors
Solar cells
Batteries
Displays
Passives (resistors, capacitors)
The most fundamental printable component is a cond
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How do we combine 2D printing and 3D printing?
Most hobbyist 3D printers build objects layer by layer by extruding thermop
are currently no functional commercially available thermoplastics
Printing functional materials requires additional hardware!
Wire Extruder [1] Woods Metal [2] Silver Pen [3]
[1] Sells E., Bowyer A., 2004. Rapid Prototyped
http://www.staff.bath.ac.uk/ensab/replicator/Dow
[2] Bayless, J., Chen, M., and Dai, B., 2010. Wir
http://www.reprap.org/mediawiki/images/2/25/Sp
[3] http://openmaterials.org/2010/12/14/diy-printe
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What are the current limitations?
Software
- Currently limited to printing in a single plane
- Existing software toolchain converts a 3D model to a
series of machine codes, but there is no standard foradding functional materials to a print
- Need new file format (STL, Gcode, other?)
Materials
- Limited selection of compatible, available materials
Conductivity(/Sq@25um) Pri($/m
CuPro-Cote (Cu) 1 0.1Electrodag 915 (Ag) 0.015 15
ExtrusionTemp
KOHSoluble
WaterSoluble
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)
220 No No
Polylactic acid (PLA) 195 Yes No
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 180 Yes Yes
Common Thermoplastics Air drying conductive inks
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How do we combine 3D printing and 3D depositio
Research conducted at Microsoft Research Cambridge in the Sensors and
Spray deposition system based on a commercial airbrush and room tempe
conductive inks
Allows for easy conformal deposition of materials on non-planar, non-unifo
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Overcoming the limitations of spray deposition
Object printed in ABS (red)
Sacrificial support and masking layer printed in PLA (blue)
Silver deposited (green)
PLA removed in KOH (ABS and silver not affected)
More complex structures can be fabricated by alternating between ABS, PL
Excellent sidewall coverage allows truly three dimensional printed conducti
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Immediate extensions
Fully additive, fully automated printed circuit board manufacturing
Printed electrometrical components
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Future extensions
Explore new materials such as semiconducting, photovoltaic, or light-emitti
Improve the software toolchain and work toward a standard file format
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What about stereolithography?
3D printers based on UV curable resins are becoming available
Similar to photolithography, a standard patterning technique for convention
Different wavelengths of light can be used to functionalize different materia
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Can DIY electronics scale?
Traditional electronics fabrication requires extremely high yields
3D printed objects can fail in interesting and instructive ways
Printed electronics often fail in frustrating ways
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How can we bring printable electronics out of the
Leverage the 3D printing and open source communities
Bring together people with different areas of expertise
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Conclusion
Printable electronics can enable truly open hardware (Turtles all the way do
OSCON attendees share a common vision of an open source future and ha
necessary to make it happen
Questions? Comments? Collaborations?
Email me at [email protected]
Demos!