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Open Access
Activities of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Georg Botz
Senior Advisor Open Access Policy, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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Overview
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1
Berlin Declaration on Open Access2
Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3
Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4
Some results5
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 2
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M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 3
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»Insight must precede application«
Max Planck, 1858 -1947Founder of the Quantum TheoryNobel Prize 1918
Basic Research at cutting-edge, strictly curiosity-driven and quality oriented
Autonomy, where scientists decide upon science
“Harnack Principle”: People not programs
Flexible, dynamic, interdisciplinary institutes
Long-term trust systems with significant core funding for high-risk projects
Quality assurance by peers
Mission and Guiding Principles
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 4
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Facts and Figures
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 5
17,000 staff members (Jan 1st, 2014)
5,516 scientistsplus 4,600 junior and guest scientists
annual budget 1.5 billion € (2014)plus 440 million € third-party funds / own revenue
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Sites of Max Planck Institutes
MAX PLANCK INSTITUTES ABROAD
USA, FLORIDAMax Planck Florida, Jupiter
THE NETHERLANDSMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen
LUXEMBOURGMax Planck Institute Luxembourg forInternational, European and RegulatoryProcedural Law, Luxembourg
ITALYBibliotheca Hertziana, RomeArt History Institute, Florence
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 6
82 Institutes and facilities280 Directors
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…has his/her own budget
…recruits personnel
…selects research topics
…identifies cooperation partners in Germany and abroad
…shapes the research structure (projects / departments)
Max Planck Principles
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 7
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17 Nobel Prize Laureates
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 8
2007 - Nobelpreis für ChemieGerhard Ertl
2005 - Nobelpreis für PhysikTheodor Hänsch
1995 - Nobelpreis für MedizinChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard
1995 - Nobelpreis für ChemiePaul Crutzen J.
1991 - Nobelpreis für MedizinErwin Neher
1991 - Nobelpreis für MedizinBert Sakmann
1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieRobert Huber
1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieHartmut Michel
1988 - Nobelpreis für ChemieJohann Deisenhofer
1986 - Nobelpreis für PhysikErnst Ruska
1985 - Nobelpreis für PhysikKlaus von Klitzing
1984 - Nobelpreis für MedizinGeorges Köhler
1973 - Nobelpreis für MedizinKonrad Lorenz
1967 - Nobelpreis für ChemieManfred Eigen
1964 - Nobelpreis für MedizinFeodor Lynen
1963 - Nobelpreis für ChemieKarl Ziegler
1954 - Nobelpreis für PhysikWalter Bothe
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Highly cited researchers (top 1%) from 2002 to 2012
Publication Performance
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 9
Analysis: L. Bornmann, J. BauerData: highlycited.com (2014)
Institution Number of researchersUniversity of California, USA 179
Harvard University, USA 107
National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA 91
Stanford University, USA 56
Max Planck Gesellschaft, Germany 52
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 46
University of Texas, USA 43
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft employs many of the world’s highly cited researchers
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Overview
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1
Berlin Declaration on Open Access2
Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3
Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4
Some results5
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 10
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„Our mission of disseminatingknowledge is only half complete if the information isnot made widely and readilyavailable to society.“
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (22.10.2003)
Berlin Declaration on Open Access
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 11
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479 organisations from 74 countries have sigend the Berlin Declaration
Europe: 356
America: 66
Africa: 42
Asia: 15
Berlin Declaration
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 13
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
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Some misconceptions
Open Access policies do not affect the author’s freedom to choose whether to publish or not.
Open Access policies do not interfere with patenting or other forms of commercial exploitation.
Open Access is not about access to (commercial) music or movies
Open Access: Concepts and Rationale
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 30.09.2014 | PAGE 14
Open Access is about accessibility, and about the possibility to re-use scientific information in other contexts without financial, technical or legal barriers
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“Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.”
Peter Suber, 29.12.2004
Open Access in a Nutshell
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 15
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Green Open Access (‘self-archiving’)
A published article or the final peer-reviewed manuscript is archived in an online repository before, after or alongside its publication. Access to this article is often delayed (‘embargo period’) at the request of the publisher.
Gold Open Access (‘Open Access publishing’)
Immediate and unrestricted access to the publisher’s final version of a paper is provided via the journal’s web site. This may involve payment of an ‘Article Processing Charge’ (APC) to the publisher.
Two Paths towards Open Access: Green & Gold
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 16
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Overview
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1
Berlin Declaration on Open Access2
Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3
Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4
Some results5
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 17
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Greater visibility of research results
Improved refereeing processes
A revolution in scientific search and information retrieval Set up of expert systems
Innovative new information services some of them commercial
Fostering interdisciplinary research by broadening access
Providing access to non-research interests SMEs, community professionals, education
Scholarly Benefits of Open Access
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 18
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Study of Open Access Publishing (2009-2011)
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 19
Do you think your research field benefits, or would benefitfrom journals that publish Open Access articles?
89,0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
I do not care
no opinion
No
Yes
(n=38385)
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Obstacles for Open Access Publishing
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 20
Has there been a specific reasons why you have not publishedan article by Open Access?
39%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
next time
Habits
Unawareness
accessibility
Other
Journal quality
Funding
(n=5609)
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Obstacles for Open Access Publishing
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 21
Has there been a specific reasons why you have not publishedan article by Open Access?
30%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
next time
Habits
Unawareness
accessibility
Other
Journal quality
Funding
(n=5609)
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Overview
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1
Berlin Declaration on Open Access2
Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3
Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4
Some results5
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 22
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Meeting Open Access Publication Costs
Publication and dissemination should be regarded as an integral part of the research process Research funding should include allocations for making research results
freely available
Max-Planck-GesellschaftAgreements with OA publishers to cover APC Starting in 2003 already
Subscription costs as well as publication costs are paid from the same budget
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 23
Research organisations have to make policy and budgetary decisions that will enable them to finance the publication system in the new way.
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High Quality Open Access Journals
(Perceived) quality is one of the main barriers to publishing in open access journalsMax-Planck-Gesellschaft supports new OA journals, e.g.
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 24
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Awarded to Randy Schekman, Editor-in-Chief of the Open Access journal eLife
Nobel Prize 2013
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 25
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Number of items
Max Planck Publication Repository
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 26
Max Planck Digital Library
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Max Planck Publication Repository
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 27
Max Planck Digital Library
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Rules of Good Scientific Practice
Regulations governing the publication of results research results achieved with public funds should be made freely
available wherever possible.
Rules for Scientific Advisory Boards
OA has to be addressed in the institute’s status report
description of efforts to promote unrestricted and long-term access to research findings, e.g., the repository of the Max Planck Society, own open-access archives, open access journals, etc.
Internal Regulations
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 28
OA is already implemented in the rules governing the MPG
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Berlin Declaration and Conference Series
Advocay, strategy development, and cooperation with partnerorganisations
Alliance; Science Europe; GRC
Open Access „Green“
Max Planck Institutional Repostitory
Open Access „Gold“
Central budget to cover OA publication charges
New OA Journals
Internal regulations
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: Committed to Open Access
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 29
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Overview
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft1
Berlin Declaration on Open Access2
Open Access: Benefits and Barriers3
Open Access Activities of Max-Planck-Gesellschaft4
Some results5
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 30
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The Global Article Output: Publication Shares
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 31
Source: MPDL analysis
Open Access is the most dynamic segment
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number of articles and reviews p.a.
MPG Published Articles – Open Access Gold
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 32
Source: MPDL analysis
MPDL3rd partypublicationservices
MPIsdirect to3rd party
OA Gold publisher
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Development of MPG Publications
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 33
Source: MPDL analysis
Significant decrease of relevance of major publishers: 50% 33%
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MPG publications by provider / Open Access Gold
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 34
Source: MPDL analysis
85% of all article publications go to only 20 publishers
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MPG publications by provider / Open Access Gold
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 35
Source: MPDL analysis
The SCOAP3 effect: immediately among top 15 providers
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The Next Generation
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 37
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The scholarly publishing system has to be restructured so that it is better adapted to the digital information age.
The costs of scholarly publishing are already supported to a large extend by research funding organizations and research performing organizations, including universities.
There is a need for a coordinated approach, but eachorganisation will have to implement policies according to their needs.
Concluding Remarks
M A X - P L A N C K - G E S E L L S C H A F T | Georg Botz, Open Access Policy, 29.09.2014 | PAGE 38
“It is time to return control of scholarly publishing to the scholars.”