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Open101An Introduction to Open and Online Education
Robert SchuwerOpen Universiteit (Netherlands)
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Agenda
• What are OER?
• Why OER?
• What is a MOOC?
• What is open education?
• Business models for OER
• Open policies
• Challenges for introducing OER
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What are OER?
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
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Open Educational Resources
• Digital, freely available learning materials• User has five rights
– Reuse “as is”– Rework– Remix– Redistribute– Retain
• Certain conditions
4www.flickr.com/photos/joeshlabotnik/2259639880/
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Conditions: open licenseCreative Commons
• Four building blocks
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Attribution
NonCommercial
ShareAlike
NoDeriv
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Six possible licenses
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Attribution CC BY
Attribution – ShareAlike CC BY-SA
Attribution – NonCommercial CC BY-NC
Attribution – NoDerivs CC BY-ND
Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike
CC BY-NC-SA
Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs
CC BY-NC-ND
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History
• 2001: MIT
• 2002: UNESCO
• 2005: Open Courseware Consortium
• 2006: OU-UK & OUNL
7https://www.flickr.com/photos/alex-photos/
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Source: Abel Caine, UNESCO
http://dp.la/
https://p2pu.org/en/
http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
https://www.boundless.com/
http://www.oerafrica.org/
https://www.khanacademy.org/
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More examples
• Institution-based– University of Cape Town
(http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/)– African Virtual University (http://oer.avu.org/)
• Community-based– MERLOT (http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm)– Curriki (http://www.curriki.org/)– OERCommons (https://www.oercommons.org/)
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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
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Why OER?
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Benefits of OER
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http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi/benefits-and-challenges-of-oer-for-higher-education-institutions (Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams)
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Benefits of OER (2)
• Personalized learning
• Fosters innovation
• Teaching = sharing
• Moral argument: learning materials payed by taxpayers’ money should be available for free
12https://www.flickr.com/photos/sarahreido/
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Why not OER?
• Challenges for implementing an OER/based curriculum (later)
• More work!
13https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/85:
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What is a MOOC?
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MOOC
• Massive: many participants (> Dunbars number)
• Open: free available
• Online: via the internet
• Course: unit of offer (5-10 weeks througput time)
• Complete learning experience
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Skip example
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Pagina 17
An example
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Pagina 18
Video lectures
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Pagina 19
At times a short quiz
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Pagina 20
Immediate feedback
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Pagina 21
Weekly problem sets…
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Pagina 22
…with feedback and a grade
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Pagina 23
Forums for learners
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Pagina 24
Exam with immediate feedback
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Eventually a certificate
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MOOC providers (Sep 2014)
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http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/uvanianaidoo1.map-b815u9pe/page.html#2/12.4/-42.2
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The big three
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Commercial – Platform – Universities create content
Commercial – Platform – Udacity creates content
Not-for-profit – Universities cooperate
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Other providers
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Open platform – Everyone can deliver content
(Not-for-)profit – Universities cooperate
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• Open, non-profit partnership on MOOCs
• European initiative
• 11 partners
• Portal, no platform
• Quality label
• http://www.openuped.eu/
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Offering Feedback Certificate Pacing Didactics
EdX(Consort.)
Courses Instructor/automated
Achievement Paced Instructor led
Udacity(Company)
Courses Instructor/automated
Achievement/Participation
Paced Instructor led
Coursera(Company/
Consort.)
Courses Instructor/Automated/Peer
Achievement/Participation
Paced Instructor led
Ted Ed Lectures - - Self-directed Instructor led
Khan Academy
Lectures - Badges Self-directed Instructor led
cMOOC Courses Peer None/Achievement/Badges
Paced Connec-tivism
OpenUpEd Courses Peer None/Achievement/Recognition
Self-directed/Paced
Self study
Saylor.org Programs - - Self-directed Instructor led
OERu Programs - Diploma Self-directed May vary p. course
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Overviews
• Class-Central https://www.class-central.com/
• MOOCtivity http://www.mooctivity.com/
• Coursetalk http://www.coursetalk.com/
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CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
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What is Open Education?
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Model of Open Education
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OpenEducation
Learning resources
Teaching effortServices
Learner Environment
Supply
Demand
http://www.surf.nl/binaries/content/assets/surf/en/knowledgebase/2013/Trend+Report+OER+2013_EN_DEF+07032013+%28LR%29.pdf, page 36
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Types of open
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OpenEducation
Learning resources
Teaching effortsServices
•Gratis beschikbaar•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute•Retain
•Open in plaats•Open in tijd•Open in tempo•Open in programma•Open toegang (geen ingangseisen)
Niet per se gratis!
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Openness of OER
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Learning resources
Teaching effortsServices
•Gratis beschikbaar•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute•Retain
•Open in plaats•Open in tijd•Open in tempo•Open in programma•Open toegang (geen ingangseisen)
OER
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Openness of a MOOC
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Learning resources
Teaching effortsServices
•Gratis beschikbaar•Open in 5R zin:
•Reuse•Revise•Remix•Redistribute•Retain
•Open in plaats•Open in tijd•Open in tempo•Open in programma•Open toegang (geen ingangseisen)
MOOC
•Forum•Feedback•Exam•Certificate
•Teacher•Teaching assistant
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MOOC vs OER: applicability
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MOOC OER
Ready to use Learning objects. Need effort before using
Applicable “As-is” Personalization possible
Useful for learner Useful for teacher
Applicable in specific situations Broad spectrum of application
Paradox for usability:(inspired by David Wiley)
OER
Applicability for reuse
fixed
co
nte
xt
MOOC
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Business models
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Funding models• Endowment - base funding (charity)• Membership – Institutions pay fee• Donations – by users• Conversion – to payed services• Contributor-pay• Sponsorship – advertisement• Institutional – variation of sponsorship• Governmental – similar to institutional• Partnerships and exchanges
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http://ijklo.org/Volume3/IJKLOv3p029-044Downes.pdf
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Business model: canvas
40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Model_Canvas
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Example: OpenU @ OUNL
• 10% of each course is provided as OER. • Customers can remain anonymous, register
free of charge and create a profile, or can be paying customers.
• Each individual or organisation can take out a subscription to products or services.
• Communities are encouraged
• All forms of education are provided free of charge, (e.g. online master classes)
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•Institutions for HE (co-creation)•Organisations (co-creation)•Publishers•Graphic designers•Printing house•(Online) bookseller•Supplier IT-tooling•Postoffices•Network providers•Landlords (study centres)
•Experts in the communities
•Exploitation of education•Development of education•Research intertwined with education•Marketing•Starting and moderating communities•Create and manage OER•Manage OpenU infrastructure and services
•Developers•Teachers, TA’s•Researchers•Educational technologists•Support employees•Members OpenU•Experts Communities•Study centre•ICT and multi mediatools
•OER + provisions (without registration)•OER + extra provisions (with registration)•OpenU subscriptions•Individual courses•Full programs (BaMa)•Tailored programs•Other services related to education
•Selfservice (extended)•Personal contacts (online + offline)•Communities (online + offline + events)
•Internet•OpenU portal•Study centres•Study packages (paper)•Social media•Personal contact for advicing services
•Individual interested (not registered)•Individual interested (registered)•Individual learner (student)•Individual learner (OpenU subscription)•Organisations (companies, institutions)•Institutions for HE•Government
•Fixed costs: personal, board, support, logistics, ICT- and network infrastructure, housing•Variable costs: (physical) production of learning materials, marketing and information, printing costs, costs of delivery, ICT licenses, management copyrights, OU-organisation and personal (semi flexible), support (semi-flexible)
•Fixed subsidy Ministry of Education•Variable subsidy Ministry of Education•Course incomes (student / organisation)•Payment for additional services•Subscription fee from a learner / organisation•Payment learner / organisation for additional services
Red: additional for OpenU
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Funding models for MOOC
• Payment for extra services– Certificate, proctored exam
• Series of courses (program)
• Offering courses specific for institutions
• Selling student data (e.g. to head hunter)
43https://www.flickr.com/photos/fsecart/549277847/sizes/o/
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Challenges for introducing OER
CC-BY Hester Jelgerhuis
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Potential hurdles
• Findability of OER
• Quality of OER– Context specific
• Open licenses
• Business models
• Human factors
45http://www.flickr.com/photos/gowestphoto/3955671300/sizes/o/
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http://nl.linkedin.com/in/robertschuwer
robertschuwer.nl
+31 - 6 1446 9300