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TOWARDS COMPANIES THAT PERFORM
WITHIN THE EARTH’S REGENERATIVE
CAPACITY
ONE PLANET THINKING
6 SEPTEMBER 2017
LCM CONFERENCE
Annemarie Kerkhof
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ONE EARTH – YET OUR CURRENT FOOTPRINT EQUALS 1.6
EARTHS
1.6
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PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
Source: Steffen et al. 2015. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet.
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THE QUESTION FROM ENECO
“Is the good we are doing good enough?”
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LINKING PLANETARY BOUNDARIES TO BUSINESS PRACTICECHALLENGES
• Level in the value chain
- Indicators of earth system processes for which planetary boundaries are defined are
situated at the (near) end of the cause effect chain, while companies operate at the start of
the cause-effect chain.
Activities in company and its value chain
Resource use & emissions to air, water, soil
Life support functions affected
Impact on human health ecosystems &
resources
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LINKING PLANETARY BOUNDARIES TO BUSINESS PRACTICECHALLENGES
• Fair share
- Once a boundary is defined, how to allocate the efforts among companies? There exist
different allocation rules, e.g. based on historic emissions, reduction potential, etc.
• Local and regional boundaries
- For local and regional impacts, the background situation of the company should be taken
into account, e.g. background concentrations of particulate matter or the water stress in a
region.
• Time-specific impacts
- The time-related issue is of particular importance for climate change. Greenhouse gas
emissions accumulate in the atmosphere over time, resulting in an increasing atmospheric
CO2e concentration.
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FRAMEWORK OF ONE PLANET THINKING
Step 1. Define boundaries at global, regional and local level
Step 2. Allocate share to sectors, companies or products
Step 3. Quantify environmental impact of company or product life cycle
Step 4. Target setting at company or product level
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EXAMPLES OF BOUNDARIES PER IMPACT CATEGORY
Impact Categories Boundary Level Source
Climate Change Atmospheric CO2 concentration of 350 ppm and 1
W m-2 above the pre-industrial level
Global Rockström et al.
(2009)
Ozone Depletion <5% decrease in column ozone levels for any
particular latitude with respect to 1964–1980
values
Global Rockström et al.
(2009)
Particulate Matter/
Respiratory Inorganics
- PM10: 20 μg/m3 for the annual mean and 50
μg/m3 for the 24-hour mean.
- PM2.5: 10 µg/m3 for the annual mean and 25
µg/m3 for the 24-hour mean (not to be
exceeded for more than 3 days/year).
Local WHO (2006)
Photochemical Ozone
Formation
Ozone target (maximum daily 8-hour mean): 100
μg/m3.
Local WHO (2006)
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EXAMPLES OF BOUNDARIES PER IMPACT CATEGORY
Impact Categories Boundary Level Source
Acidification Spatially-specific critical loads for acidification
(sulphur and nitrogen) differ per ecosystem in
Europe.
Regional CCE (2008)
Eutrophication
(terrestrial and aquatic)
Spatially-specific critical loads for eutrophication
(nitrogen) differ per ecosystem in Europe.
Regional CCE (2008)
Fossil depletion Transition resource: Up to 2050, fossil fuel use
should be limited by the increased percentage of
fossil resources made available by technological
improvement per year.
Global
Mineral depletion Limiting mineral use by the increased percentage
of mineral resources made available by
technological improvement per year.
Global
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ENECO – CLIMATE CHANGE
• Define boundary and translate to sector/product level
- The boundary is based on the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach (SDA) method
developed by Ecofys within the Science Based Targets initiative of CDP, UN Global
Compact, WRI and WWF.
- Carbon budget between 2011 – 2050 is allocated to sectors based on the IEA’s detailed
CO2 sector scenarios, modelled in their 2014 Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP)
report. The ETP report’s carbon budget is consistent with the representative concentration
pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6) scenario from the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report.
- The sector intensity pathways form the basis to define the targets for companies based on
their current carbon intensity and convergence of their carbon intensity to the sector
intensity in 2050.
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SECTORIAL BREAKDOWN OF CO2 BUDGET
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Dir
ect
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns (
GtC
O2)
Service buildings Other transportAviation passenger transport Rail passenger transportHeavy road passenger transport Light road passenger transportOther industry Pulp and paperChemicals and petrochemicals AluminiumIron and steel CementPower generation
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ENECO – CLIMATE CHANGE TARGET
Total GHG emissions power supply
IEA EU average 2DS target
Eneco specific 2DS target
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ENECO – PARTICULATE MATTER
• Define boundary and translate to sector/product level
- PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of WHO
- Eneco is located in the Netherlands, activities influence PM concentration of North-West
Europe
- PM concentrations in North-West Europe are higher than the WHO target, at some
locations double the concentration. A reduction of 50% in PM emissions is needed to stay
below the PM concentrations of the WHO.
0.130.10
0.04
0.30
0.79
0.040.00 0.01 0.04
0.21
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
g PM
2.5/
kWh
OPT boundary 2050
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CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS
• One Planet Thinking enables Eneco to set long-term, scientific targets. Climate
targets are recognized by leading NGOs (WWF, CDP, WRI and UN Global
Compact)
• One Planet Thinking was founded by WWF Netherlands, Eneco and Ecofys and is
developed by the WWF network in close cooperation with NGO partners such as
IUCN NL. http://www.oneplanetthinking.org/
• In order to provide companies with a full suite of environmental boundaries further
research is needed.
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CONTACT DETAILS
ECOFYS NETHERLANDS
Annemarie Kerkhof
Managing Consultant
T: +31 (0)30 662 3047
M: +31 (0)6 21469834
ECOFYS.COM