VOL. CLXVIII . . . No. 58,379 © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, JULY 5, 2019

C M Y K Nxxx,2019-07-05,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

U(D54G1D)y+?!_!,!#!;

DALLAS — Only hours afterthe United States Supreme Courtsaid it could do nothing to stoppartisan gerrymandering of thenation’s political maps, Eric H.Holder Jr. had a message for hisfellow Democrats in downtownDallas.

“Texas is a place where we haveto win,” Mr. Holder, who served asattorney general during BarackObama’s presidency, said lastweek. “This is doable. This is pos-sible.”

Mr. Holder was not talkingabout the 2020 presidential elec-tion. He was not talking about acongressional race. He was talk-ing about the nine seats Demo-crats would need to flip to wrestcontrol of the Texas House of Rep-resentatives and gain a voice inthe redistricting process.

While much of the country’s at-tention is focused on presidentialpolitics, the gerrymandering rul-ing last week instantly raised thestakes for the nation’s state legis-lative races, which are often over-looked by voters, but can shapethe course of policy from abortionrights to education.

Yet this cycle of legislative elec-tions carries added significance:In most states, the political partythat wins control of the legislaturegains the power to draw once-a-decade maps setting districtboundaries for state and congres-sional elections after a new cen-sus count.

Acutely aware of that prize,which offers a chance to tilt politi-cal power further in one party’s fa-vor, Republicans and Democratsare starting campaigns early,knocking on doors and rallyingdonors with the pitch that a tinystatehouse election in suburbanDallas or coastal Virginia couldhave national reverberations.

“We’re going to make sure wedo everything we can to influencethe elections because the future ofthe party for the next 10 years de-pends on it,” said Austin J. Cham-bers, president of the RepublicanState Leadership Committee,which focuses on electing Repub-

RULING HEATS UPBID FOR CONTROLOF ELECTION MAPS

BATTLING AT STATE LEVEL

New Intensity for 2020After Court’s Finding

on Gerrymanders

By MITCH SMITHand TIMOTHY WILLIAMS

Continued on Page A10

BRUSSELS — NATO militaryofficials are exploring whether toupgrade their defenses to makethem capable of shooting downnewly deployed Russian interme-diate-range nuclear missiles aftera landmark arms treaty dissolvesnext month, according to threeEuropean officials.

Any change to the stated mis-sion of NATO’s current missile de-fense system — aimed at threatsfrom outside the region, like Iran— would probably divide the alli-ance’s member countries and en-rage Russia, which has long said itviews NATO’s missile defense sitein Romania and one under con-struction in Poland as a threat toits nuclear arsenal and a source ofinstability in Europe.

“It would be a point of no returnwith the Russians,” said JimTownsend, a former Pentagon of-ficial and expert on the alliance.“It would be a real escalation.”

The United States announced inFebruary its intention to with-draw from the 31-year-old Inter-mediate-Range Nuclear ForcesTreaty, signed in 1987 in the wan-ing years of the Cold War, citingMoscow’s years of violations, astep the NATO alliance supported.

The treaty, which prohibits mis-siles with a range of 310 to 3,420miles from Europe, will be termi-nated on Aug. 2 unless Moscowand Washington come to agree-ment to revive it in the next fewweeks.

NATO ambassadors will makeone last attempt to push Russia towithdraw its new cruise missilesand revive the treaty on Friday inBrussels.

Discussions about new missiledefense measures are at their ear-liest stages, officials cautioned.NATO’s chief spokeswoman,Oana Lungescu, denied that anystudies of the feasibility of up-grading the ballistic missile de-fenses were underway. She saidthe alliance had repeatedly madeclear that the existing ballisticmissile defense system “is neither

Missile DefenseMay Get Assist

From Alliance

NATO Risks InflamingTensions With Russia

By JULIAN E. BARNES

Continued on Page A8

WASHINGTON — In a made-for-television Independence Dayproduction starring America’smilitary weaponry, PresidentTrump on Thursday used the Lin-coln Memorial as the backdrop fora tribute to the country’s armedforces and a call for unity that hasbeen largely absent during his di-visive presidency.

Flanked by Bradley armoredvehicles and M1A2 tanks in frontof the statue of Abraham Lincoln,Mr. Trump paid homage to the fivebranches of the military as achorus sang each service hymnand he cued the arrival of fighterjets, helicopters and other mili-tary aircraft as they roared over-head.

Speaking to a rain-soaked audi-ence filled with troops decked outin “Make America Great Again”and “Trump 2020” paraphernalia,the president finally presided

over the grand military displaythat he has wanted since witness-ing the Bastille Day parade inParis two years ago.

In a 45-minute speech deliveredbehind rain-streaked bulletproofglass, the president singled out along list of Americans for theircontributions to science, medi-cine, politics and the arts, andspun a history that praised every-thing from the civil rights move-ment to space exploration andpraised everyone from the suf-fragists to Harriet Tubman toChuck Yeager. But he spent mostof his time recounting the progres-sion of the armed forces, endinghis remarks as the “Battle Hymn

of the Republic” blared throughhuge speakers and the Blue An-gels soared overhead.

“As long as we stay true to ourcause — as long as we rememberour great history — as long as wenever, ever stop fighting for a bet-ter future — then there will benothing that America cannot do,”Mr. Trump declared to chants of“U.S.A., U.S.A.” “God bless you,God bless the military, and Godbless America. Happy Fourth ofJuly.”

Even before he spoke, the presi-dent’s appearance on the NationalMall drew fierce criticism fromDemocrats and some members ofthe military, who accused thepresident of using the militarytroops and equipment for his own

Flyovers and Flags, as the President Plays M.C.By MICHAEL D. SHEAR

The Blue Angels soared over the Lincoln Memorial on Thursday during the “Salute to America” celebration in Washington.GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

A Fourth of July Eventof Battle Hymns and

History Lessons

Continued on Page A13

Recycling is struggling in muchof the United States, and compa-nies like Coca-Cola say they arecommitted to fixing it.

The beverage industry helpspay for pizza parties celebratingtop elementary school recyclersand lends money to companiesthat process used plastic. Coca-Cola and Pepsi, along with Dow,the plastics producer, supportnonprofit groups like Keep Amer-ica Beautiful, which organizeevents like litter cleanups. A re-cent video funded partly by KeepAmerica Beautiful featured mod-els dancing through a recycling fa-cility in Brooklyn, which one ad-vertising writer said makes “recy-cling sexy.” By 2030, Coca-Colawants all of its packaging to bemade from at least 50 percent re-cycled content.

But one approach to recyclingthat many of these companies donot support has proved to actuallywork: container deposit laws,more commonly known as bottlebills, which cost them lots ofmoney.

In the 10 states where con-sumers can collect a few centswhen they return an empty bottleor can, recycling rates for thosecontainers are often significantlyhigher. In some cases, they aremore than twice as high as instates without such deposits.

For decades, beverage compa-nies, retailers and many of thenonprofit groups they control

have fought to kill bottle bill pro-posals across the country — withgreat success. Since 1987, only onestate, Hawaii, has passed a bottlebill. This year, such measureshave been proposed in at leasteight states. Nearly all have beenrejected or failed to gain traction.

The result? Recycling in muchof the country still depends almostentirely on the good will of con-

sumers to place their used con-tainers in a bin for pickup. Theprocess is convenient, but meansmillions of bottles and cans headstraight to a dump instead.

The financial reason for suchopposition is clear. If the other 40states were to adopt expansivebottle bills, it could ultimately costthe industries billions more. Thebeverage industry says the bills

function like a tax and allow gov-ernments to collect millions in un-claimed deposits. Beverage dis-tributors, in many cases, also paya handling fee for the processingof empty containers.

“I am confident that the indus-try’s true rationale for opposingdeposit laws is that they cost themmoney and they don’t want the ex-

Beverage Giants Embrace Recycling, as Long as It Isn’t Too CostlyBy MICHAEL CORKERY

The beverage industry has long fought a push for container deposit laws, also known as bottle bills.CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A14

In the run-up to the 2020 cen-sus, the government has em-braced technology as never be-fore, hoping to halt the ballooningcost of the decennial head count.For the first time, households willhave the option of responding on-line, and field workers going doorto door will be equipped withsmartphones to log the informa-tion they collect.

To make it all work, the CensusBureau needed more computingpower and digital storage space,so it turned to cloud technologyprovided by Amazon Web Serv-ices.

What the bureau didn’t realize— until an audit last year — wasthat there was an unsecured doorto sensitive data left open. Accesscredentials for an account withvirtually unlimited privileges hadbeen lost, potentially allowing ahacker to view, alter or delete in-formation collected during recentfield tests.

The Census Bureau says that it

Census at RiskFrom GlitchesAnd Attackers

By CHRIS HAMBY

Continued on Page A11

Iranian hard-liners have longmocked their foreign minister,Mohammad Javad Zarif, as themake-believe American, after acharacter in a comic Iranian mov-ie who puts on an accent, ward-robe and lifestyle to live out a fan-tasy of American life.

A resident of the United Stateson and off for nearly 30 years, Mr.Zarif was the Iranian most closelyassociated with the negotiation ofthe 2015 deal that limited Iran’snuclear program in exchange forrelief from sweeping economicsanctions.

To ordinary Iranians and re-formists, that made him a hero. Tohard-liners, though, he was adupe, seduced by the West into adeal that the Americans wouldnever live up to.

Now, with the nuclear deal onthe brink of collapse, with theTrump administration reimposingcrushing sanctions on Iran, andwith Tehran threatening to restart

elements of its nuclear program,Mr. Zarif is coming under renewedfire not only from hard-liners inTehran but also from Washington.White House officials say thatPresident Trump has requestedsanctions specifically against theIranian foreign minister, stirringdebate in both countries about theadministration’s intentions.

Hawks like Secretary of StateMike Pompeo and John R. Bolton,

Target of Both Sides in StandoffWith Iran: Its Main Negotiator

By FARNAZ FASSIHIand DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

Mohammad Javad ZarifKAZUHIRO NOGI/A.F.P. — GETTY IMAGES

Continued on Page A7

Russia’s president met with Francis atthe Vatican amid an ideological dividein the West over migration. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-8

Putin and Pope Meet AgainEdith Espinal, like others shielded fromdeportation by houses of worship, facescivil fines. Her bill is $497,777. PAGE A9

NATIONAL A9-14

$799-a-Day Pressure TacticA show at the Met explores our contin-ued fascination with the celestial body,from the first time Galileo trained histelescope on it to the present. PAGE C11

WEEKEND C1-20

Over the Moon

Ten L.G.B.T.Q. readers reflect on whothey are and how they found them-selves in a city that offered them ac-ceptance and community. PAGE A15

NEW YORK A15-19

How Identity Shapes LivesThe second-round Wimbledon duelbetween Nick Kyrgios and Rafael Nadaloffered not only a contrast in styles, butalso an edge seldom seen in the modernmen’s game. On Tennis. PAGE B5

SPORTSFRIDAY B5-9

Nadal Is Tested, and Advances

Military and civilian leaders sought toend unrest that began in December andled to the president’s ouster. PAGE A4

Power-Sharing Deal in Sudan

In Queens, Melinda Katz pulled aheadof Tiffany Cabán by 20 votes, bringingon an automatic recount. PAGE A19

District Attorney Nail-Biter

A $250 million campus and expandedpolitical coverage are signs of a Spanish-language network on the rise. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-4

Telemundo Makes a MoveA 6.4-magnitude quake and dozens ofaftershocks hit a remote area betweenLos Angeles and Las Vegas. PAGE A10

Southern California Rattled

The Women’s World Cup has setrecords for TV audiences worldwide,but the growth has magnified chal-lenges for those who started chroniclingthe sport before its breakout. PAGE B5

Women’s Soccer Hits It Big

David Brooks PAGE A21

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A20-21

CELEBRATION DIVIDED A scene oftwo distinct versions of Americaon the National Mall. PAGE A13

Late EditionToday, sunshine, afternoon andevening showers or thunderstorms,humid, high 86. Tonight, cloudy, low75. Tomorrow, heavy thunderstorm,high 87. Weather map, Page A22

$3.00